5,763
Views
44
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Inequalities of multilingualism: challenges to mother tongue-based multilingual education

Pages 112-124 | Received 15 Jul 2014, Accepted 05 Oct 2014, Published online: 10 Nov 2014

References

  • Adriano, L. 2013. “DepEd Exec Condemns Expulsion of Students.” Accessed July 14. http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/461589/deped-exec-condemns-expulsion-of-students
  • Bernardo, A.B. 2004. “McKinley's Questionable Bequest: Over 100 Years of English in Philippine Education.” World Englishes 23 (1): 17–31.
  • Bisong, J. 1995. “Language Choice and Cultural Imperialism: A Nigerian Perspective.” ELT Journal 49 (2): 122–132.
  • Burton, L.A. 2013. Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education in the Philippines: Studying Top-Down policy Implementation from the Bottom up. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Minnesota.
  • Choi, B.W. 2003. “Vietnamisation of Southern Vietnam during the First Half of the Nineteenth Century.” Asian Ethnicity 4 (1): 47–65.
  • Cincotta-Segi, A. 2014. “Language/ing in Education: Policy Discourse, Classroom Talk and Ethnic Identities in the Lao PDR.” In Language, education and nation-building: Assimilation and shift in Southeast Asia, edited by P. Sercombe and R. Tupas, 106–130. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Curaming, R., and F. Kalidjernih. 2014. “From Sentimentalism to Pragmatism? Language-in-Education Policy-Making in Timor-Leste.” In Language, education and nation-building: Assimilation and shift in Southeast Asia, edited by P. Sercombe and R. Tupas, 68–86. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Davies, Alan. 1996. “Review Article: Ironising the Myth of Linguicism.” Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 17 (6): 485–596.
  • Edwards, P. 1996. “Imaging the Other in Cambodian Nationalist Discourse Before and During the UNTAC Period.” In Propaganda, Politics, and Violence in Cambodia: A Democratic Transition Under United Nations Peace-Keeping, edited by S. Heder and J. Ledgerwood, 50–72. New York: East Gate.
  • Ehrentraut, S. 2004. The Theory of Multiculturalism and Cultural Diversity in Cambodia. Diploma thesis, Universität Potsdam.
  • Forey, G., and Lockwood, J. 2007. “‘I’d Love to Put Someone in Jail for This’: An Initial Investigation of English in the Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) Industry.” English for Specific Purposes 26: 308–326.
  • Geronimo, J. 2013. “3 Students Expelled for Speaking Ilocano – in Ilocos Norte.” Accessed July 10. http://www.rappler.com/nation/35762-students-expelled-speaking-ilocano
  • Giordano, C. 2014. “The Dwindling Cultural and Linguistic Diversity of Southeast Asian Societies: Comparative Reflections from an Anthropological Perspective.” In Language Education and Nation-Building: Assimilation and Shift in Southeast Asia, edited by P. Sercombe and R. Tupas, 322–343. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Graham, B.E. 2010. “Mother Tongue Education: Necessary? Possible? Sustainable?” Language and education 24 (4): 309–321.
  • Guan, L.H., and L. Suryadinata, eds. 2007. Language, Nation and Development in Southeast Asia. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
  • Imperial, N. 2013. “DepEd, in Spite of Recent MLE Initiatives, is Slow to Scuttle archaic English-Only School Policies.” Accessed July 9. https://mlephil.wordpress.com/2013/08/11/deped-in-spite-of-recent-mle-initiatives-is-slow-to-scuttle-archaic-english-only-school-policies/#more-5943
  • Kosonen, K. 2005a. “Education in Local Languages: Policy and Practice in South-East Asia.” In First Language First: Community-Based Literacy Programmes for Minority Language Contexts, edited by UNESCO, 96–132. Bangkok: Asia and Pacific Regional Bureau for Education.
  • Kosonen, K. 2005b. “Overview on the Use of Local Languages in Education in South-East Asia.” In First Language First: Community-Based Literacy Programmes for Minority Language Contexts, edited by UNESCO, 3–8. Bangkok: Asia and Pacific Regional Bureau for Education.
  • Kosonen, K., and K. Person. 2014. “Languages, Identities, Education in Thailand.” In Language, Education and Nation-Building: Assimilation and Shift in Southeast Asia, edited by P. Sercombe and R. Tupas, 200–231. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Langman, J. 2002. “Mother-Tongue Education Versus Bilingual Education: Shifting Ideologies and Policies in the Republic of Slovakia.” International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2002 (154): 47–64.
  • Lazaro, D.C., and E.M. Medalla. 2004. “English as the Language of Trade, Finance and Technology in APEC: An East Asia Perspective.” Philippine Journal of Development 31 (2): 277–300.
  • Loh, J., and G. Hu. 2014. “Subdued by the System: Neoliberalism and the Beginning Teacher.” Teaching and Teacher Education 41: 13–21.
  • Lorente, B. 2012. “The Making of ‘Workers of the World’: Language and the Labor Brokerage state.” In Language in Late Capitalism: Pride and Profit, edited by A. Duchêne and M. Heller, 183–206. London: Routledge.
  • Lorente, B. 2013. “The Grip of English and Philippine Language Policy.” In The Politics of English: South Asia, Southeast Asia and the Asia Pacific, edited by L. Wee, R.B.H. Goh, and L. Lim, 187–204. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
  • Mahboob, A., and P. Cruz. 2013. “English and Mother-Tongue-Based Multilingual Education: Language Attitudes in the Philippines.” Asian Journal of English Language Studies 1: 1–19.
  • Manila Standard Today. 2013. “Gullas Wants English Reinforced in Schools.” Accessed June 3. http://manilastandardtoday.com/2013/09/30/gullas-wants-english-reinforced-in-schools/
  • Marcelo, P. 2010. “English is Key to Landing A Job.” Accessed July 9. http://planetphilippines.com/current-affairs/english-proficiency-is-key-to-landing-a-job/
  • Mohanty, A.K. 2006. “Multilingualism of the Unequals and Predicaments of Education in India: Mother Tongue or Other Tongue?” In Imagining Multilingual Schools: Language in Education and Glocalization, edited by O. García, T. Skutnabb-Kangas, and M.E. Torres-Guzmán, 262–283. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
  • Mohanty, A.K. 2010. “Languages, Inequality and Marginalization: Implications of the Double Divide in Indian Multilingualism.” International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2010 (205): 131–154.
  • Nussbaum, M.C. 1997. Cultivating Humanity. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Obaidul Hamid, M., Hoa, and R.B. Baldauf. 2013. “Medium of Instruction in Asia: Context, Processes and Outcomes.” Current Issues in Language Planning 14 (1): 1–15.
  • Park, J.S.Y. 2011. “The Promise of English: Linguistic Capital and the Neoliberal Worker in the South Korean Job Market.” International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 14 (4): 443–455.
  • Parreñas, R.S. 2001a. “Mothering from a Distance: Emotions, Gender, and Intergenerational Relations in Filipino Transnational Families.” Feminist Studies 27 (2): 361–390.
  • Parreñas, R.S. 2001b. Servants of Globalization – Women, Migration and Domestic Work. Standard, CA: Stanford University Press.
  • Parreñas, R. 2005. “Long Distance Intimacy: Class, Gender and Intergenerational Relations Between Mothers and Children in Filipino Transnational Families.” Global Networks 5 (4): 317–336.
  • Pennycook, A. 1998. English and the Discourses of Colonialism. London: Routledge.
  • Philippson, R. 1992. Linguistic Imperialism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Phyak, P. 2013. “Language Ideologies and Local Languages As the Medium-of-Instruction Policy: A Critical Ethnography of a Multilingual School in Nepal.” Current Issues in Language Planning 14 (1): 127–143.
  • Pimentel, B. 2013. “To the Expelled Laoag Students: ‘Agilocano Kay Latta’.” Accessed July 14. http://www.citationmachine.net/apa/cite-a-website#
  • Prah, K.K. 2009. “Mother Tongue Education in Africa for Emancipation and Development: Towards the Intellectualization of African Languages.” In Languages and education in Africa: A comparative and transdisciplinary analysis, edited by B. Brock-Utne and I. Skattum, 83–104. Providence, RI: Symposium Books.
  • Rao, A.G. 2013. “The English-Only Myth Multilingual Education in India.” Language Problems & Language Planning 37 (3): 271–279.
  • Sala-i-Martín, X., B. Bilbao-Osorio, J. Blanke, M.D. Hanouz, T. Geiger, and C. Ko. 2013. “The Global Competitiveness Index 2013–2014: Sustaining Growth, Building Resilience.” In The Global Competitiveness Report 2013–2014, edited by K. Schwab, 3–51. Geneva: World Economic Forum.
  • Sercombe, P., and R. Tupas. 2014. Language, Education and Nation-Building: Assimilation and Shift in Southeast Asia. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Shin, H., and R. Kubota. 2008. “Post-Colonialism and Globalization in Language Education.” In The Handbook of Educational Linguistics, edited by B. Spolsky and F.M. Hult, 206–209. Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Shohat, E. 1992. “Notes on the ‘Post-Colonial’.” Social Text 31/32: 99–113.
  • Skutnabb-Kangas, T. 2000. Linguistic Genocide in Education – or Worldwide Diversity and Human Rights? Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Stroud, C. 2002. Towards A Policy for Bilingual Education in Developing Countries. New Education Division Documents No. 10. Stockholm: Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency.
  • Tacoli, C. 1999. “International Migration and the Restructuring of Gender Asymmetries: Continuity and Change Among Filipino Labor Migrants in Rome.” International Migration Review 33 (3): 658–682.
  • Taylor-Leech, K. 2013. “Finding Space for Non-dominant Languages in Education: Policy and Medium of Instruction in Timor-Leste 2000–2012.” Current Issues in Language Planning 14 (1): 109–126.
  • Teo, P. 2005. “Mandarinising Singapore: A critical Analysis of Slogans in Singapore's ‘Speak Mandarin’ Campaign.” Critical Discourse Studies 2 (2): 121–142.
  • Thomas, W.P., and V.P. Collier. 2002. A National Study of School Effectiveness for Language Minority Students’ Long Term Academic Achievement. Santa Cruz: Center for Research on Education, Diversity & Excellence, University of California.
  • Tollefson, R. 1986. “Language Policy and the Radical Left in the Philippines: The New People's Army and Its Antecedents.” Language Problems & Language Planning 10 (2): 177–189.
  • Trueba, E., and L. Bartolomé. 2000. “Beyond the Politics of Schools and the Rhetoric of Fashionable Pedagogies: The Significance of Teacher ideology.” In Immigrant Voices: In Search of Educational Equity, edited by E. Trueba and L. Bartolomé, 277–292. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
  • Tupas, R. 2008. “Anatomies of Linguistic Commodification: The Case of English in the Philippines vis-à-vis Other Languages in the Multilingual Marketplace.” In Language as Commodity: Global Structures, Local Marketplaces, edited by P. Tan and R. Rubdy, 85–105. London: Continuum Press.
  • Tupas, R. 2011. “English Knowing Bilingualism in Singapore: Economic Pragmatics, Ethnic Relations and Class.” In English Language Education Across Greater China, edited by A. Feng, 46–69. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
  • UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization). 1953. The Use of Vernacular Language in Education. Paris: UNESCO.
  • UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization). 2005. First Language First: Community-Based Literacy Programmes for Minority Language Contexts. Bangkok: Asia and Pacific Regional Bureau for Education.
  • UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization). 2012. Why Language Matters for the Millennium Development Goals. Bangkok: UNESCO.
  • Uy, V. 2004. “Call Centers Join Job Fair in Manila; 20,000 Workers Wanted.” Philippine Daily Inquirer, A12.
  • Young, C. 2002. “First Language First: Literacy Education for the Future in A multilingual Philippine Society.” International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 5 (4), 221–232.
  • Zhao, S., and Y. Liu. 2007. “Home Language Shift and its Implications for Language Planning in Singapore: From the Perspective of Prestige Planning.” The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher 16 (2), 111–126.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.