5,183
Views
86
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

ISLAMOPHOBIA, CULTURE AND RACE IN THE AGE OF EMPIRE

Pages 256-275 | Published online: 02 Mar 2010

References

  • Abdo , G. 2006 . Mecca and Main Street: Muslim Life in America after 9/11 , New York : Oxford University Press .
  • Abrahamian , E. 2003 . ‘The US Media, Huntington and September 11’ . Third World Quarterly , 24 ( 3 ) : 529 – 544 .
  • Ahmed , A. 2001 . Islam Today: A Short Introduction to the Muslim World , London : I. B. Tauris .
  • Badiou A 2006 Infinite Thought: Truth and the Return to Philosophy trans. and eds. O. Feltham & J. Clemens Continuum London
  • Balibar , E. 1991 . “ ‘Is there a “Neo-Racism”?’ ” . In Race, Nation, Class: Ambiguous Identities , Edited by: Balibar , E. and Wallerstein , I. 17 – 28 . London : Verso .
  • Baudrillard , J. 2002 . The Spirit of Terrorism , London : Verso .
  • Bauman , Z. 2002 . ‘Reconnaissance wars of the planetary frontierland’ . Theory, Culture, & Society , 19 ( 4 ) : 81 – 90 .
  • Bernstein R. 1993 30 April ‘Terrorism: Blast shatters the illusion that US is immune from assault’ The New York Times 39
  • Bunzl , M. 2007 . Anti-Semitism and Islamophobia: Hatreds Old and New in Europe , Chicago, IL : Prickly Paradigm Press .
  • Cainkar L. 2004 ‘The impact of the September 11 attacks and their aftermath on Arab and Muslim communities in the United States’ GSC Quarterly 13 [online] Available at: http://programs.ssrc.org/gsc/publications/quarterly13/cainkar.pdf (accessed 15 November 2007)
  • Cigar , N. 2003 . “ The nationalist Serbian intellectuals and Islam: Defining and eliminating a Muslim community ” . In The New Crusades: Constructing the Muslim Enemy , Edited by: Qureshi , E. and Sells , M. 314 – 351 . New York : Columbia University Press .
  • Condon P . 2007 ‘U.S. imams sue fellow passengers over their removal from airliner, sparking concerns about reporting efforts’ Associate Press 30 March
  • Elmasry M. 2003 23 April ‘Christian evangelists in postwar Iraq: Who are the infidels now?’ The Globe and Mail A13
  • Ervin C. 2006 27 June ‘The usual suspects’ The New York Times 17
  • Fekete , L. 2004 . ‘Anti-Muslim racism and the European security state’ . Race & Class , 46 ( 1 ) : 3 – 29 .
  • Ford P. 2001 ‘Europe cringes at Bush “crusade” against terrorists’ Christian Science Monitor 19 September 12
  • Frankenberg , R. 1993 . White Women, Race Matters: The Social Construction of Whiteness , Minneapolis, MN : University of Minnesota Press .
  • Freed J. 2006 ‘In some, removal of imams from Minneapolis flight a case of “Flying while Muslim”’ Associated Press November 22
  • Goldberg , D. T. 1993 . Racist Culture: Philosophy and the Politics of Meaning , Cambridge : Blackwell .
  • Grewal , I. 2006 . Transnational America: Feminisms, Diasporas, Neoliberalisms , Durham, NC : Duke University Press .
  • Grossberg , L. 1996 . “ Identity and cultural studies – Is that all there is? ” . In Questions of Identity , Edited by: Hall , S. and du Gay , P. 87 – 107 . London : Sage .
  • Halliday F. 1999 ‘“Islamophobia” reconsidered’ Ethnic and Racial Studies 22 5 892 902
  • Hardt , M. and Negri , A. 2000 . Empire , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
  • Haynie B. 1994 ‘Enthymematic functions in news text: contrasting mediated frames of religious extremism’ in Reconstruction and Application. Proceedings of the Third ISSA Conference on Argumentation F. Van Eemeren et al. University of Amsterdam 111 501 512
  • Herbert B. 2006 21 May ‘“Gooks” to “Hajis”’ The New York Times 23
  • Hesse B. Sayyid S. 2001 ‘A war against politics?’ Opendemocracy.net [online] Available at: http://www.opendemocracy.net/conflict-war_on_terror/article_179.jsp (accessed 15 November 2007)
  • Huntington , S. 1993 . ‘The clash of civilizations?’ . Foreign Affairs , 72 ( 3 ) : 22 – 49 .
  • Huntington , S. 1996 . The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order , New York : Simon & Schuster .
  • Kamiya G. 2007 ‘Iraq: Why the media failed’ Salon.com [online] Available at: http://www.salon.com/opinion/kamiya/2007/04/10/media_failure/ (accessed 25 August 2007)
  • Kellner , D. 1995 . Media Culture: Cultural Studies, Identity and Politics between the Modern and the Postmodern , New York : Routledge .
  • Laclau , E. 1990 . New Reflections on the Revolutions of our Time , London : Verso .
  • Laclau , E. and Mouffe , C. 1985 . Hegemony and Socialist Strategy: Towards a Radical Democratic Politics , London : Verso .
  • Lewis B 1990 ‘The roots of Muslim rage’ Atlantic Monthly September 48 54
  • MacFarquhar N. 2006 ‘Pakistanis find U.S. an easier fit than Britain’ The New York Times 21 August 1
  • MacMaster , N. 2003 . “ Islamophobia in France and the “Algerian problem” . In The New Crusades: Constructing the Muslim Enemy , Edited by: Qureshi , E. and Sells , M. 288 – 313 . New York : Columbia University Press .
  • Mamdani , M. 2004 . Good Muslim, Bad Muslim: America, the Cold War, and the Roots of Terror , New York : Pantheon Books .
  • Marranci , G. 2004 . ‘Multiculturalism, Islam and the clash of civilisations theory: Rethinking Islamophobia’ . Culture and Religion , 5 ( 1 ) : 105 – 117 .
  • Modood , T. and Ahmad , F. 2007 . ‘British Muslim perspectives on multiculturalism’ . Theory, Culture & Society , 24 ( 2 ) : 187 – 213 .
  • Modood , T. , Triandafyllidou , A. and Zapate-Barrero , R. 2006 . Multiculturalism, Muslims and Citizenship: A European Approach , London : Routledge .
  • Mottahedeh , R. 1995 . ‘The clash of civilizations: An Islamist's critique’ . Harvard Middle Eastern and Islamic Review , 2 ( 1 ) : 1 – 26 .
  • Naber , N. 2000 . ‘Ambiguous insiders: An investigation of Arab American identity’ . Ethnic and Racial Studies , 23 ( 1 ) : 37 – 61 .
  • Naber , N. 2006 . ‘The rules of forced engagement: Race, gender, and the culture of fear among Arab immigrants in San Francisco post-9/11’ . Cultural Dynamics , 18 ( 3 ) : 235 – 267 .
  • Naureckas J. 1995 July/August ‘Okalahoma City Bombing: the Jihad that wasn't’ Extra! 6 20
  • Omi , M. and Winant , H. 1994 . Racial Formation in the United States: From the 1960s to the 1990s , New York : Routledge .
  • Pittsburg Post-Gazette 2002 ‘Gifts from Washington’ Pittsburg Post-Gazette 22 December B-7
  • Poynting , S. and Mason , V. 2007 . ‘The resistible rise of Islamophobia: Anti-Muslim racism in the UK and Australia before 11 September 2001’ . Journal of Sociology , 43 ( 1 ) : 61 – 86 .
  • Prince , S. 1992 . Visions of Empire: Political Imagery in Contemporary American Film , New York : Praeger .
  • Prince , S. 1993 . “ Celluloid heroes and smart bombs: Hollywood at war in the Middle East ” . In The Media and the Persian Gulf War , Edited by: Denton , R. Jr . 235 – 256 . New York : Praeger .
  • Said , E. 1978 . Orientalism , New York : Vintage .
  • Said , E. 1981 . Covering Islam: How the Media and the Experts Determine How We See the Rest of the World , New York : Pantheon Books .
  • Said , E. 1993 . Culture and Imperialism , New York : Vintage .
  • Said , E. 1997 . Covering Islam: How the Media and the Experts Determine How We See the Rest of the World , 2nd edition , New York : Vintage .
  • Said , E. 2003 . “ The clash of definitions ” . In The New Crusades: Constructing the Muslim Enemy , Edited by: Qureshi , E. and Sells , M. 68 – 87 . New York : Columbia University Press .
  • Saunders D. 2007 ‘Not the flying imams’ San Francisco Chronicles 8 April E5
  • Sells , M. 2003 . “ Christ killer, Kremlin, contagion ” . In The New Crusades: Constructing the Muslim Enemy , Edited by: Qureshi , E. and Sells , M. 352 – 388 . New York, Columbia University Press .
  • Semati , M. 1997 . ‘Terrorists, moslems, fundamentalists, and other bad objects in the midst of us’ . The Journal of International Communication , 4 ( 1 ) : 30 – 49 .
  • Semati , M. 2001 . “ Sex, violence, and terrorism in Hollywood's international political imagery ” . In Media, Sex, Violence, and Drugs in the Global Village , Edited by: Kamalipour , Y. R. and Rampal , K. R. 235 – 260 . Lanham, MD : Rowman & Littlefield .
  • Shaheen , J. 2001 . Reel Bad Arabs: How Hollywood Vilifies a People , New York : Olive Branch Press .
  • Shalal-Esa A. 2004 ‘General who made anti-Islam remark tied to POW case’ Reuters 11 May
  • Sontag S. 2001 24 September [no title] The New Yorker 32
  • St Petersburg Times 2006 14 March ‘Robertson says some Muslims “satanic”’ St Petersburg Times (Florida) 6A
  • Taguieff P.-A. 2001 The Force of Prejudice: on Racism and its Doubles trans. and ed. H. Melehy Minneapolis, MN University of Minnesota Press
  • Trumpbour , J. 2003 . “ The clash of civilizations: Samuel Huntington, Bernard Lewis, and the remaking of the post-Cold War order ” . In The New Crusades: Constructing the Muslim Enemy , Edited by: Qureshi , E. and Sells , M. 88 – 130 . New York : Columbia University Press .
  • Turner P. 2007 ‘“Flying imams” case may test the limits of tolerance’ Herald News Passaic County NJ 12 April
  • Volpp , L. 2003 . “ The citizen and the terrorist ” . In September 11 in History: A Watershed Moment? , Edited by: Dudziak , M. L. 147 – 162 . Durham, NC : Duke University Press .
  • Wade , P. 2002 . Race, Nature and Culture: An Anthropological Perspective , London : Pluto Press .
  • Woodward , B. 1987 . Veil: The Secret Wars of the CIA (1981–1987) , New York : Simon & Schuster .
  • Žižek , S. 1998 . The Sublime Object of Ideology , London : Verso .
  • Žižek , S. 2002 . Welcome to the Desert of the Real , London : Verso .
  • Žižek , S. 2004 . Iraq: The Borrowed Kettle , London : Verso .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.