Laser keyholes in liquids

References

• Emmony , D C . 1985 . ‘Interaction of IR laser radiation in liquids’ . Infrared Physics , 25 ( 1/2 ) : 133 – 139 .
   Google Scholar
• Duley , W W . 1983 . ‘Laser processing and analysis of materials’ , New York, , London : Publ Plenum Press .
   Google Scholar
• Takeuchi , Y , Takagi , R and Shinoda , T . 1992 . ‘Effect of bismuth on weld penetration in austenitic stainless steel’ . Welding Journal , : 283 – 289 .
   Google Scholar
• Andrews , J G and Atthey , D R . . ‘Hydrodynamic limit to penetration of a material by a high power beam’ . Proc conf ‘Electro-Optics/Laser international ‘76’ . Brighton. pp. 160 – 166 .
   Google Scholar
• Cybulski , A , Kalitaz , W and Mucha , Z . . ‘The laser effect in deep weld penetration modelled by the action of a stationary CO2 laser beam on to a liquid layer’ . Proc conf ‘VIII Polish optoelectronics and laser processing technologies’ . Gdansk. IMP PAN
   Google Scholar
• Westerweel , J . . ‘A theory of digital particle image velocimetry’ . Proc European colloquium 335, ‘Image techniques and analysis in fluid dynamics’ . Rome.
   Google Scholar
• Wiedenov , A A and Gladusz , G G . 1985 . ‘Physical processes in laser processing of materials’ , Moscow : Publ Eniergoatomizdat .
   Google Scholar
• Willmott , N F F , Hibberd , R and Steen , W M . . ‘Keyhole/plasma sensing systems for laser-welding control systems’ . Proc int conf ‘Applications of lasers and electro optics ICALEO ‘88’ . Santa Clara, California. pp. 108 – 109 . Publ Springer Verlag IFS with LIA .
   Google Scholar
• van der Hoeven , J G Th , van Aarseen , M M , Nieuwstadt , F T M and Westerweel , J . 1995 . “ ‘Application of digital particle image velocimetry in a turbulent boundary layer’ ” . In ‘Image techniques and analysis in fluid mechanics’ Rome Euromech colloquium 335
   Google Scholar