References
- For a comprehensive review of the literature see Tim Huxley, ‘Southeast Asia in the study of international relations: the rise and decline of a region’, The Pacific Review, Vol. 9, Na 2, 1996, pp. 199–228.
- For an example see Jörn Dosch, ‘Die Relevanz des integrationstheoretischen Ansatzes von Karl W. Deutsch für die Assoziation südostasiatischer Nationen (ASEAN)', WeltTrends, No. 7, 1995, pp. 66–85.
- See John Funston, ‘ASEAN: out of its depth?’, Contemporary Southeast Asia, Vol. 20, No. 1, April 1998, p. 27.
- See The Nation Review . 13 November 1997 . 13 November , 14 November 1997
- See The Nation Review . 27 August 1997 . 27 August ,
- See Jörn Dosch, Die ASEAN. Bilanz eines Erfolges. Akteure, Interessenlagen, Kooperationsbeziehungen, Hamburg: abera, 1997.
- See Jörn Dosch, ‘Entscheidungsprozesse und Machtverteilung in der ASEAN am Beispiel der Außenministerkonferenz 1993’, ASIEN, No. 52, Juli, pp. 7–22.
- However and EU , the . 26 July 1997 . “ the USA and Canada ruled out inclusion of Burma in their development cooperation ” . In See The Nation Review 26 July ,
- See John Funston, 'ASEAN: out of its depth?, Contemporary Southeast Asia, Vol. 20, No. 1, April 1998, p. 25.
- See The Nation Review . 16 July 1997 . 16 July ,
- See The Nation Review . 4 July 1997 . 4 July ,
- Newsweek , See . 21 July 1997 . 21 July ,
- See Far Eastern Economic Review, 6 August 1998, pp. 24-8.
- See Richard Higgott . 1994 . Ideas, identity and policy coordination in the AsiaPacific . The Pacific Review , 7 : 367 – 78 . No. 4
- See Amitav Acharya, ‘Realism, institutionalism, and the Asian economic crisis’, Contemporary Southeast Asia, Vol. 21, No. 1, April 1999, pp. 1–29. In addition in the same issue of Contemporary Southeast Asia, see Ethel Solingen, ‘ASEAN Quo Vadis? Domestic Coalitions and Regional Cooperation’, pp. 30–53; and Michael Wesley, ‘The ASEAN Crisis and the Adequacy of Regional Institutions’, pp. 54–73.
- See The Nation Review . 22 July 1998 . 22 July , 24 July 1998
- See The Nation Review . 3 December 1997 . 3 December , 12 December 1997; 16 December 1997; 19 December 1997
- See The Nation Review . 27 May 1998 . 27 May ,
- See , ASEAN . 19 December 1998 . “ Hanoi Declaration of 1998 ” . In The Economist , 19 December , 1 Hanoi, 16 December 1998 . 89–90
- See Nikolas Busse and Hanns W. Maull, ‘Enhancing security in the AsiaPacific. European lessons for the ASEAN Regional Forum’, Internationale Politik und Gesellschaft, No. 3/1999, p. 232; and Amitav Acharya, ‘Realism, institutionalism, and the Asian economic crisis’, Contemporary Southeast Asia, Vol. 21, No. 1, April 1999, pp. 1–29
- For a recent discussion of the security-related consequences of the Asian crisis, see Paul Dibb, David D. Hale and Peter Prince, ‘The strategic implications of Asia's economic crisis’, Survival, Vol. 40, No. 2, Summer 1998, pp. 5/26.
- See , KOMPAS . 10 September 1999 . 10 September , (Internet)
- An Asiaweek editorial, for instance, deplored that ‘the grouping has simply not been in the thick of the most pressing issues, particularly the Asian crisis. After some admirable collaboration to help Thailand and Indonesia in the first few months of the slump,... ASEAN has retreated into a subdued, if not paralyzed, silence.’ The gloomy outlook given in the comment culminates in the statement: ‘Plainly, if the group is unable to speak or act on such issues of paramount importance, whether for fear of giving offense, for lack of consensus or for simple inertia, then many would wonder what ASEAN is good for.’ See Asiaweek, 7 August 1998.
- Philippe , See and Schmitter , C. 1970 . A revised theory of regional integration . International Organization , 24 ( 4 ) : 846
- See Harald Müller, Die Chance der Kooperation, Darmstadt: Wissenschafliche Buchgesellschaft, 1993, p. 48.
- Critique of realism usually only focused on a few more or less randomly selected arguments. For an example see Nikolas Busse, ‘Constructivism and Southeast Asian security’, The Pacific Review, Vol. 12, No. 1, 1999, pp. 39–60.
- See Amitav Acharya . April 1999 . “ Realism, institutionalism, and the Asian economic crisis ” . In Contemporary Southeast Asia Vol. 21 , April 1999 , 1 – 29 . 1
- See Leif Roderick Rosenberger . December 1997 . “ Southeast Asia's currency crisis: a diagnosis and a prescription ” . In Contemporary Southeast Asia Vol. 19 , December , 223 – 51 . 3
- See Jan Tinbergen . 1965 . “ International Economic Integration ” . In , 2nd , Amsterdam : Elsevier .
- See Fritz Scharpf . 1998 . “ Regieren in Europa Effektiv und demokratisch? ” . Frankfurt and New York : Campus Verlag .
- See Dewi Fortuna Anwar . 1992 . “ Indonesia and the Security of Southeast Asia ” . 13 Jakarta : Center for Strategic and International Studies .
- Ibid . 13 – 14 .
- See John Funston . April 1998 . “ ASEAN: out of its depth? ” . In Contemporary Southeast Asia Vol. 20 , April , 29 1
- See Callum Henderson . 1998 . “ Asia Falling? Making Sense of the Asian Currency Crisis and its Aftermath ” . 101 Singapore : McGraw-Hill .
- See Joint Press Communique . 1 March 1997 . “ The First ASEAN Finance Ministers Meeting ” . 1 March 1997 , Phuket and Südostasien aktuell, Vol. 16, No. 3, May 1997, pp. 177–8
- See John Funston, ‘ASEAN: out of its depth?’, Contemporary Southeast Asia, Vol. 20, Na 1, April 1998, pp. 22–37; Michael Wesley, The Asian crisis and the adequacy of regional institutions’, Contemporary Southeast Asia, Vol. 21, No. 1, April 1999, pp. 54–73.
- Mary , See and Callahan , P. February 1996 . “ Burma in 1995 ” . In Looking beyond the release of Aung San Suu Kyi’ , Vol. XXXVI , February , 162 Asian Survey . 2
- 1991 . “ For a comprehensive treatment see Martin Smith ” . In Burma: Insurgency and the Politics of Ethnicity , London : Zed Books .
- Experts have estimated that the forest fires could cost Southeast Asia US$5–6 billion, equivalent to 2.5 per cent of the combined GDP of Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore. The direct and indirect costs of the fires could thus translate into a loss of at least half a percentage point in economic growth for these countries. See The Jakarta Post, 18 March 1998, p. 1.
- See The Straits Tunes, 2 September 1998, and ‘ASEAN fine-tunes action plan to battle forest fires and haze http://www.aseansec.org./fcint/vol4/if980106.htm (http://www.aseansec.org./fcint/vol4/if980106.htm)
- See Jörn Dosch . 1997 . “ Die ASEAN: Bilanz eines Erfolges. Akteure, Interessenlagen, Kooperationsbeziehungen ” . 271 Hamburg : abera .
- For an example, see Christoph Rieger, The Treaty of Rome and its relevance for ASEAN', ASEAN Economic Bulletin, Vol. 8, No. 2, November 1991, p. 164.
- For a clear presentation of the constructivist argument see Alexander Wendt, ‘Anarchy is what states make of it: the social construction of power polities’, International Organization, Vol. 46, No. 2, Spring 1992, pp. 391–425.
- See Alexander Wendt, ‘Collective identity formation and the international state’, American Political Science Review, Vol. 88, No. 2, June 1994, pp. 384–96.
- See Suara Karya . 1997 . 17 October
- See The Nation Review . 1997 . 24 October 28 October 1997
- See The Jakarta Post, 18 January 1998, p. 1; 3 February 1998, p. 11; 7 February 1998, p. 9; 11 February 1998, p. 4; 16 February 1998, p. 11; The Straits Times, 3 February 1998, pp. 3 and 4.
- See The Jakarta Post, 9 February 1998, p. 10; 14 February 1998, p. 9.
- In May 1998 Malaysia announced she would extend another US$250 million loan to Indonesia. See The Straits Times, 13 May 1998. Singapore also pledged US$1 billion to the IMF package for Thailand, Brunei an additional US$0.5 billion. See The Straits Times, 28 November 1997, p. 30; Asiaweek, 17 July 1998. Thailand provided Indonesia with 5,000 tons of rice and US$1 million worth of medicine. See The Jakarta Post, 11 February 1998, p. 2; Asian Wall Street Journal, 3 March 1998, p. 3.
- See The Jakarta Post, 4 February 1998, p. 1; 20 February 1998, p. 8; 6 March 1998, p. 8; 12 March 1998, p. 8; 14 March 1998, p. 8.
- According to Indonesian reports, Singapore planned to provide even US$3 billion. See KOMPAS, 8 April 1998.
- See The Jakarta Post, 20 September 1997, p. 5; The Straits Times, 24 September 1997, p. 56; International Herald Tribune, 24 September 1997, p. 15; and International Herald Tribune, Asia Business Outlook, November 1997, S. I.
- See Bisnis Indonesia, 6 November 1997; Masahiko Ishizuka, The politics of rescue packages http://web3.asia1.comsg/timesnet/data/ab/docs/ab 1480.html (http://web3.asia1.comsg/timesnet/data/ab/docs/ab 1480.html)
- See The Jakarta Post . 1997 . The Nation Review . 2 December : 1 – 4 . 2 December 1997
- See The Nation Review . 1997 . 2 December
- See The Jakarta Post . 19 March 1998 . 19 March , 8 – 8 . October 1998, p. 11
- See The Nation Review . 6 August 1998 . 6 August ,
- See John Funston, ‘Challenges facing ASEAN in a modern complex age’, Contemporary Southeast Asia, Vol. 21, No. 2, August 1999, p. 214.
- Nick , See and Freeman , J. 1999 . “ Greater Mekong sub-region and the Asian crisis ” . In Caught between Scylla and Charybdis’, Southeast Asian Affairs 44
- 14 September 1995 . “ See Far Eastern Economic Review ” . 14 September , 60
- 9 October 1998 . “ See The Jakarta Post ” . 9 October ,
- See The Nation Review, 16 December 1997; Statement by the ASEAN Finance Ministers and the Finance Ministers of Australia, China, Hong Kong, SAR China, Japan, Korea and the United States and Joint Press Statement. The Second ASEAN Finance Ministers Meeting, Jakarta, 28 February 1998.
- See Joint Press Statement of the Thirtieth ASEAN Economic Ministers Meeting, 7–8 October 1998, Makati City, Philippines; The Jakarta Post, 8 October 1998.
- See also Far Eastern Economic Review, 17 December 1998, pp. 26–7; The Jakarta Post, 15 December 1998, p. 4; and 19 December 1998, p. 4.
- See Far Eastern Economic Review, 19 February 1998, p. 25; and The Jakarta Post, 5 March 1998, p. 8.
- See The Jakarta Post, 17 March 1998, p. 1.
- See The Nation Review . 16 May 1998 . “ and The Jakarta Post ” . 16 May , 17 February 1998. p. 8; 20 August 1998, p. 8
- For examples, see The Jakarta Post, 13 February 1999, p. 1, and 16 February 1999. p. 1; Far Eastern Economic Review, 25 March 1999, p. 31.
- 9 July 1998 . “ See Far Eastern Economic Review ” . 9 July , 19
- 18 February 1998 . “ See The Straits Times ” . In Far Eastern Economic Review, 13 August 1998, p. 26 18 February , 1 – 27 . 28 April 1998
- See Richard Higgott . 1993 . “ Competing theoretical approaches to international cooperation: implications for the Asia-Pacific ” . In Pacific Economic Relations in the 1990s: Cooperation or Conflict? , Edited by: Higgott , Richard , Leaver , Richard and Ravenhill , John . 294 Sydney : Alien &Unwin .
- See Sheldon Simon, ‘Realism and neoliberalism: international relations theory and Southeast Asian security’, The Pacific Review, Vol. 8, No. 1,1995, pp. 5–24; for a similar statement, although not systematically developed, see John Funston, ‘Challenges facing ASEAN in a modern complex age’, Contemporary Southeast Asia, Vol. 21, No. 2, August 1999, pp. 205–19.
- See , alia , inter , Dieter , Herbert and Asienkrise , Die . 1998 . “ Ursachen, Konsequenzen und die Rolle des Internationalen Währungsfonds, Marburg: Metropolis ” . In The Currency Crisis in Southeast Asia , Edited by: Manuel and Montes , F. 1998 Singapore : Institute of Southeast Asian Studies .
- See World Bank . 1993 . “ The East Asian Miracle ” . In Economic Growth and Public Policy , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
- See Asia Yearbook . 1995–99 . 14
- See The Straits Times . 24 August 1998 . 24 August ,
- See Far Eastern Economic Review . 8 July 1999 . 8 July , 14
- See Nikolas Busse . 1999 . “ Constructivism and Southeast Asian security ” . In The Pacific Review Vol. 12 , 39 – 60 .
- 10 September 1998 . “ See Far Eastern Economic Review ” . 10 September , 10 – 13 .
- 3 September 1998 . “ See Far Eastern Economic Review ” . 3 September , 20
- See The Straits Times . 1 September 1998 . The Nation Review 1 September , 2 September 1998
- August 1999 . “ Interview information ” . August , Bangkok
- See Business Times . 10 September 1999 . 10 September , Internet
- See The Jakarta Post, 9 February 1999, p. 12.
- See Adi Sasono, ‘Strengthening people's economy’, Presented at the 6th CIDES Anniversary, Jakarta, 20 February 1999.
- Interview information, Jakarta, March 1999.
- See ASEAN, Executive Summary. Annual Report 1999 http://www.aseansec. org/amm/amm32ann.htm (http://www.aseansec. org/amm/amm32ann.htm)
- See The Straits Times, 29 July 1999 (Internet).
- See Werner Link, Die Neuordnung der Weltpolitik. Grundprobleme globaler Politik an der Schwelle zum 21. Jahrhundert, Munich: Beck'sche Reihe, 1998, p. 9.
- Earlier in the year several ASEAN top leaders paid visits to Taipeh, while Taiwanese premier Vincent Siew and Vice President Lien Chan ‘privately’ visited the Philippines, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore. In January and March 1998, high-powered Taiwanese business delegations toured the region in search of investment opportunities. See The Jakarta Post, 14 January 1998, p. 6; 19 January 1998, p. 6; 6 March 1998, p. 8; 13 March 1998. p. 12.
- See The Jakarta Post, 7 January 1998, p. 6.
- See The Nation Review, 28 July 1999 (Internet).
- See Marc limes-Brown and Mark J. Valencia, ‘Thailand's resource diplomacy in Indochina and Myanmar’, Contemporary Southeast Asia, Vol. 14, Na 4, March 1993, pp. 332-51.
- In February 1995 the Philippine air force discovered that China had built structures on Mischief Reef which the Philippines consider as part of the Kalayaan Group. According to Philippine navy sources, in the following year China installed new radar and radio antennae on Mischief Reef. See Asia Yearbook 1997, p. 193.
- See Ross H. Munro, ‘China's waxing spheres of influence’, Orbis, Vol. 38, No. 4, Fall 1994, pp. 585–605; Mark Nguyen, ‘Laos. Back to a land of three kingdoms?’, in: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies Southeast Asian Affairs 1996, Singapore, 1996, pp. 197–214; Asia Yearbook 1995 and 1996.
- For an assessment see Far Eastern Economic Review, 18 April 1996, p. 23.
- The signing of the agreement followed the imposition of US sanctions on Burma. See The Jakarta Post, 31 May 1997, p. 10.
- See The Sunday Times, 23 June 1996, p. 21.
- See Kent Calder . 1996 . “ Asia's Deadly Triangle ” . In How Arms, Energy and Growth Threaten to Destabilize the Asia-Pacific , London : Nicholas Brealey .
- See The Jakarta Post, 16 April 1997, p. 4.
- See Asian Wall Street Journal, 4 March 1996, p. 1.
- See The Nation Review, 3 December 1997.
- See Bisnis Indonesia . 3 May 1997 16 December 1998 . and ASEAN, Statement on Bold Measures , 3 May 1997 16 December , 1 Hanoi .
- For a comprehensive treatment of the effects of the Asian crisis on the IndoChina region, see Nick J. Freeman, ‘Greater Mekong sub-region and the Asian crisis. Caught between Scylla and Charybdis’, Southeast Asian Affairs1999. p. 35.
- Ibid., pp. 34–5.
- Ibid., pp. 34–5.
- See Jürgen Rüland, ‘Der Beitritt Vietnams zur ASEAN -- Chance oder Hemmnis für die Vertiefung der regionalen Kooperation’, in: Duy Tu Vu and Gerhard Will Vietnams neue Position in Südostasien, Hamburg: Mitteilungen des Instituts für Asienkunde, No. 310, 1999, pp. 333-62.
- See The Jakarta Post, 27 December 1997, p. 11.
- See International Herold Tribüne, 27 November 1997, p. 17; Bangkok Post, 21 January 1998.
- See The Nation Review, 15 December 1997.
- See Puspha Thambipillai, The ASEAN growth areas: sustaining the dynamism’, The Pacific Review, Vol. 11, No. 2, 1998, pp. 259-61.
- See The Nation Review, 28 October 1997; interview information, Bangkok, August 1999.
- See Kishore Mahbubani . 1995 . The Pacific way’ . Foreign Affairs , 74 ( 1 ) January/February : 100 – 11 .
- See The Jakarta Post, 16 February 1998, p. 10.
- See Amitav Acharya, ‘ideas, identity, and institution-building: from the “ASEAN way” to the Asia-Pacific way?’ The Pacific Review, Vol. 10, No. 3, 1997, pp. 319–46; and Nikolas Busse, ‘Constructivism and Southeast Asian security’, The Pacific Review, Vol. 12, Na 1, 1999, pp. 39–60.
- See JUrgen RUland, ‘Ethnozentrismus, Nationalismus und regionale Kooperation in Asien’, in: Brunhild Staiger Nationalismus und regionale Kooperation in Asien, Hamburg: Mitteilungen des Instituts für Asienkunde, No. 243, 1995, pp. 1–20; and Jürgen Rüland, ‘Politische und sozio-kulturelle Aspekte von Kooperation und Integration im asiatisch-pazifischen Raum’, in: Guido Eilenberger, Manfred Mols and Jürgen Rüland Kooperation, Regionalismus und Integration im asiatisch-pazifischen Raum, Hamburg: Mitteilungen des Instituts für Asienkunde, NO. 266, 1996, pp. 73–92.
- 1995 . For a fundamental theoretical critique of constructivism see Jonathan Mercer . ‘Anarchy and identity’, International Organization , 49 ( 2 ) Spring : 229 – 52 .
- See Heinrich Zimmer, Philosophie und Religion Indiens, Frankfurt: Suhrkamp Verlag; and Helmuth von Glasenapp, Glaube, Dichtung und Wissenschaft Indiens, Band II, Wiesbaden: Emil Vollmer Verlag, 1958.
- See Mechai Thongthe . 1993 . “ Ramakien ” . In The Thai Ramayana , 5 Bangkok : Naga Books .
- See Nikolas Busse . 1999 . Constructivism and Southeast Asian security . The Pacific Review , 12 ( 1 ) : 43
- See International Herald Tribune, 19 December 1997, p. 8.