Think territory politically: the making and escalation of Beijing’s commitment to Sovereignize Diaoyu/Senkaku Islands

References

• Blanchard, J.-M. F. (2000). The U. S. role in the Sino-Japanese dispute over the Diaoyu (Senkaku) Islands, 1945–1971. The China Quarterly, 161, 95–123. doi:10.1017/S0305741000003957
   Google Scholar
• Bräutigam, D., & Xiaoyang, T. (2012). Economic statecraft in China's new overseas special economic zones: soft power, business or resource security? International Affairs, 88, 799–816.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bush, R. C. (2010). The perils of proximity: China-Japan security relations. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.
   Google Scholar
• Cairns, C., & Carlson, A. (2016). Real-world islands in a Social Media Sea: nationalism and censorship on Weibo during the 2012 Diaoyu/Senkaku crisis. The China Quarterly, 225, 23–49. doi:10.1017/s0305741015001708
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang, M. H. (1998). Chinese irredentist nationalism: the magician’s last trick. Comparative Strategy, 17, 83–100. doi:10.1080/01495939808403133
   Google Scholar
• Chen, D., & Wang, J. (2011). Lying low no more? China’s new thinking on the Tao Guang Yang Hui Strategy. China: An International Journal, 9, 195–216. doi:10.1142/s0219747211000136
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• China Times. (2017). Pan-blue and -green both claimed: Diaoyutai belongs to Taiwan, February 17.
   Google Scholar
• Ching. F. (2013). Ryukyu sovereignty question simmers in China. The Japan Times, May 16, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Chiozza, G., & Choi, A. (2003). Guess Who did what: political leaders and the management of territorial disputes, 1950–1990. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 47, 251–278. doi:10.1177/0022002703047003001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chubb, A. (2014). Exploring China’s ‘martime consciousness’: public opinion on the South and East China Sea disputes (Working Paper). Australia: Perth USAsian Centre.
   Google Scholar
• Chung, C. (2001). Domestic Politics, International Bargaining and China’s Territorial Disputes. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Courmount, B. (2014). Territorial disputes and Taiwan's regional diplomacy: the case of Senkaku/Diaoyu/Diaoyutai Islands. Journal of Territorial and Maritime Studies, 1, 113–134.
   Google Scholar
• Denemark, D. & Chubb, A. (2015). Citizen attitudes towards China’s maritime territorial disputes: traditional media and Internet usage as distinctive conduits of political views in China. Information, Communication & Society, 19, 59–79. doi:10.1080/1369118X.2015.1093527
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deng, X.P. (1993). Selected works of Deng Xiaoping (邓小平选集). Beijing: Renmin Chubanshe.
   Google Scholar
• Dong, G.L. (1996). Big events regarding "Baodiaodao" (钓鱼岛大事记). Cross-Strait Review (海峡评论), 71. Retrieved from https://www.haixia-info.com/articles/1722.html.
   Google Scholar
• Downs, E. S., & Saunders, P. C. (1998). Legitimacy and the limits of nationalism: China and the Diaoyu Islands. International Security, 23, 114–146. doi:10.2307/2539340
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dreyer, J. T. (2014). China and Japan: ‘Hot Economics, Cold Politics’. Orbis, 58, 326–341. doi:10.1016/j.orbis.2014.05.002
   Google Scholar
• Duan, X. (2017). Unanswered questions: why we may be wrong about Chinese nationalism and its foreign policy implications. Journal of Contemporary China, 26, 886–900. doi:10.1080/10670564.2017.1337312
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fearon, J. (1995). Rationalist explanations for war. International Organization, 49, 379–414. doi:10.1017/s0020818300033324
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fravel, M. T. (2008). Strong borders, secure nation: cooperation and conflict in China’s territorial disputes: cooperation and conflict in China’s territorial disputes. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Friedberg, A. L. (2015). The source of Chinese conduct: explaining Beijing’s assertiveness. The Washington Quarterly, 37, 133–50. doi:10.1080/0163660x.2014.1002160
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Global Times. (2005). Japan’s proactive moves regarding Diaoyu dao’s lighthouse, February 16, 3.
   Google Scholar
• Gries, P. H., Derek, S., & Wang, T. (2016). Popular nationalism and China’s Japan policy: The Diaoyu Islands protest, 2012–2013. Journal of Contemporary China, 25, 264–276. doi:10.1080/10670564.2015.1075714
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo, A. & Katakey, R. (2012). Disputed Islands with 45 years of oil split China, Japan. Bloomberg. Retrieved from http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2012-10-10/disputed-islands-with-45-years-of-oil-split-china-japan.
   Google Scholar
• Hafeez, S. Y. (2015). The Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands crises of 2004, 2010, and 2012: a study of Japanese-Chinese crisis management. Asia-Pacific Review, 22, 73–99. doi:10.1080/13439006.2015.1038885
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He, Y. (2015a). Overseas 'Baodiao' delegation No. Zero (海外“保钓第零团”). CPPCC Newspaper, January 15, 2015, 9.
   Google Scholar
• He, Y. (2015b). "Reviewing the overseas 'Baodiao' movement" (回望海外“保钓”运动). CPPCC Newspaper, January 18, 2015, 9.
   Google Scholar
• Hong Kong Standard. (1996). Party leaders, generals to discuss Diaoyu Islands at Plenum, September 23, 1.
   Google Scholar
• Hornung, J. (2015). Japan’s pushback of China. The Washington Quarterly, 38, 167–183. doi:10.1080/0163660x.2015.1038187
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huth, P. (1996). Standing your ground: territorial disputes and international conflict. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
   Google Scholar
• IBRU. (1996, May 10). Tokyo restates claim to islands. Kyodo News Service. Retrieved from IBRU News Database/Senkaku.
   Google Scholar
• Jain, R. K. (1981). China and Japan 1949–1970 (2nd ed.). Oxford: Martin Robertson & Co. Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Japanese Economic Newswire. (1996). China Blasts Ikeda’s Remarks on Senkaku Islands, August 29.
   Google Scholar
• Jiang, Z. (2006). Selected works of Jiang Zemin (Vol. 2). Beijing: Renmin Chubanshe.
   Google Scholar
• Johnston, A. I. (2013). How new and assertive is China’s new assertiveness. International Security, 37, 7–48. doi:10.1162/isec_a_00115
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnston, A. I. (2016). Is Chinese nationalism rising? Evidence from Beijing. International Security, 41, 7–43. doi:10.1162/isec_a_00265
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawashima, S. (2013). The origins of the Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands issue. Asia-Pacific Review, 20, 122–145. doi:10.1080/13439006.2013.874619
   Google Scholar
• Kliman, D., & Twining, D. (2014). Japan’s democracy diplomacy (Asia Paper Series). Washington, DC: The German Marshall Fund of the United States.
   Google Scholar
• Koga, K. (2016). The rise of China and Japan’s balancing strategy: critical junctures and policy shifts in the 2010s. Journal of Contemporary China, 25, 777–91. doi:10.1080/10670564.2016.1160520
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kristof, N.D. (1996). An Asian mini-tempest over mini-island group. New York Times, September 16, 1996, A8.
   Google Scholar
• Kwok K. (2014). Abe aims to mend fences in Beijing. SCMP, 10 November, 3.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, T. H. (2016). The rest of my life: My lift journey and the road to Taiwan's democracy (余生：我的生命之旅与台湾民主之路). Taipei: Daduhui Wenhua Shiye Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Levy, J. S. (1988). Domestic Politics and War. The Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 18, 653–673. doi:10.2307/204819
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liff, A. P., & Ikenberry, G. J. (2014). Racing toward tragedy?: China’s rise, military competition in the Asia Pacific, and the security dilemma. International Security, 39, 52–91. doi:10.1162/isec_a_00176
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luttwak, E. N. (2012). The rise of China vs. the logic of strategy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mastanduno, M., Lake, DA., & Ikenberry GJ. (1989). Toward a realist theory of state action. International Studies Quarterly, 33, 457–474. doi:10.2307/2600522
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDevitt, M. (2016). Becoming a great “maritime power”: A chinese dream. CNA Strategic Studies.
   Google Scholar
• Mertha, A., 2009. Fragmented authoritarianism 2.0: political pluralization in the Chinese policy process. The China Quarterly, 200, 995–1012. doi:10.1017/s0305741009990592
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan, T. C., & Bickers, K. N. (1992). Domestic discontent and the external use of force. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 36, 25–52. doi:10.1177/0022002792036001002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nie, H., & Li, B. (2008). China’s policy choices in the territorial disputes (中国在领土争端中的政策选择). Quarterly Journal of International Politics (国际政治科学), 16, 1–34.
   Google Scholar
• Niksch. L.A. (1996). Senkaku (Diaoyu) Islands dispute: The U.S. legal relationship and obligations. CRS Report for Congress, Order Code 96-798.
   Google Scholar
• NPO. (2016). The 12th Japan-China joint opinion poll analysis report on the comparative data. The Genron NPO, September 2016.
   Google Scholar
• PD. (1967). American imperialists, hands off the Ryukyus. (美帝国主义者从冲绳滚出去), May 4, 5.
   Google Scholar
• PD. (1970). U.S. and Japan counterrevolutionary forces conspire to exploit the maritime resources of China and North Korea (美日反动派阴谋掠夺中朝海底资源), December 4, 5.
   Google Scholar
• PD. (1971a). Eisaku Satō’s conspiracy of creating 'two Chinas' (佐藤等在日本参议院大放厥词继续推行“两个中国”的阴谋), November 4, 3.
   Google Scholar
• PD. (1971b). The Satō administration tends to annex China’s Diaoyudao territories under the cover of the Japan-American Okinawa Reversion Agreement (佐藤政府依仗同美帝签订“归还”冲绳协定, 阴谋侵吞中国领土钓鱼岛等岛屿), December 31, 6.
   Google Scholar
• PD. (1971c). The statement of Ministry of Foreign Affairs of People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国外交部声明), December 31, 1.
   Google Scholar
• PD. (1971d). We strongly object to Chiang-U.S.’s rule of Taiwan, and U.S.-Japan’s conspiracies of ‘Taiwan independence (反对美蒋统治, 反对美日阴谋策划“台湾独立”), October 5, 3.
   Google Scholar
• PD. (1972). The statement of Ministry of Foreign Affairs of People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国外交部声明), December 4, 1.
   Google Scholar
• PD. (1979). Vice Primer Gu Mu held press conference in Tokyo (谷牧副总理在东京举行记者招待会), September 7, 5.
   Google Scholar
• PD. (1990). Qi Huaiyuan summons Japanese ambassador to China for an urgent meeting (齐怀远紧急约见日本驻华大使), October 28, 1.
   Google Scholar
• PD. (1996). Hong Kong protested against Ikeda's absurd words (香港各界抗议池田行彦荒谬言论), August 31, 2.
   Google Scholar
• PD. (2004a). Foreign Ministry spokesperson's remarks (外交部发言人发表谈话), April 1, 4.
   Google Scholar
• PD. (2004b). Japan cannot build self-discipline without a right view of history (日本不端正历史观就难以自律), March 26, 3.
   Google Scholar
• PD. (2004c). Seven Chinese civic 'Baodiao' activists returned to Zhejiang by taking fishing boats (中国民间 “保钓” 人士搭乘的渔船返回浙江), March 2, 4.
   Google Scholar
• PD. (2005a). Chen Shuibian harps on the same old string (陈水扁老调重弹), August 10, 10
   Google Scholar
• PD. (2005b). Has Taiwan's interest been really picturized? (台湾利益当真优先吗？). June 16, 10.
   Google Scholar
• PD. (2012a). China's sovereignty claim is not for resources (主权要求与资源无关), October 17, 3.
   Google Scholar
• PD. (2012b). Defending the Diaoyu Island sovereignty is the honorable obligation of Chinese across the Strait (维护钓鱼岛主权 两岸同胞义不容辞), September 13, 4.
   Google Scholar
• PD. (2012c). It is not worth mentioning Japan's attempts to play petty tricks (耍小聪明的 “姿态” 一钱不值), September 13, 2.
   Google Scholar
• PD. (2012d). Protests for survival (生存的抗议). August 16, 10
   Google Scholar
• PD. (2012e). Stay alert against Japan’s strategies of 'waiting for chance' (警惕日本以拖待变的侥幸心理). October 17, 3.
   Google Scholar
• PD. (2012f). Taiwan affairs office held press conference (国台办举行新闻发布会), September 27, 4.
   Google Scholar
• PD (Overseas Edition). (2012). When China pulls the triggers of an economic warfare against Japan? (中国何时对日扣动经济扳机). PD Overseas Edition, September 17, 1.
   Google Scholar
• PD. (2013a). Do not be self-inflicted, Japan (日本不要瞎折腾). January 9, 5.
   Google Scholar
• PD. (2013b). No sovereignty, no fishery rights (没有主权, 哪来渔权？), May 9, 20.
   Google Scholar
• PD. (2013c). On the treaty of Shimonoseki and Diaoyu Dao Problems (论《马关条约》和钓鱼岛问题), May 8, 9.
   Google Scholar
• PD. (2013d). Tarō Asō’s words do not challenge the historical facts (麻生言论无力挑战历史事实), May 16, 3.
   Google Scholar
• PD. (2013e). The strengths of unity among brothers can break goad (兄弟齐心其利断金), December 5, 19.
   Google Scholar
• PD. (2013f). The successful implementation of major-country diplomacy with distinctive Chinese features in 2013 (中国特色大国外交的成功实践), December 19, 3.
   Google Scholar
• PD. (2013g). The tricks of 'One stone kills two birds' (好个一石二鸟). February 28, 20.
   Google Scholar
• PD. (2013h). To foreign history means to betray (忘记历史意味着背叛), September 18, 3.
   Google Scholar
• PD. (2013i). Value-oriented diplomacy do not work well (“价值观”这张牌不好使), April 10, 3.
   Google Scholar
• PD. (2015a). Foreign Ministry spokesperson's remarks (外交部发言人发表谈话), February 10, 2.
   Google Scholar
• PD. (2015b). U.S. and Japan alliance should make sure their alliance will not hurt the interests of the third party (美日有责任确保美日同盟不损害第三方利益), April 29, 3.
   Google Scholar
• PD. (2015c). U.S.-Japan alliance should not undermine the peace and stability of the Asia-Pacific (美日同盟不应损害亚太地区和平和稳定), April 30, 3.
   Google Scholar
• PD. (2016a). An egocentric international strategy (谋一己之私的国际战略), September 18, 5.
   Google Scholar
• PD. (2016b). Mainland China would like to engage any political forces that admits '1992 Consensus' (只要认同“九二共识”, 大陆都愿同其交往), February 25, 6.
   Google Scholar
• People.cn. (2017). Chinese, Japanese have better impressions of each other’s country: study. Retrieved from http://en.people.cn/n3/2017/1215/c90000-9304877.html.
   Google Scholar
• People.com. (2012). 1952 Border gate incident in Macao (1952年澳门"关闸事件"). Retrieved from http://history.people.com.cn/GB/205396/18013675.html.
   Google Scholar
• Permanent Court of Justice. (2016). In the Matter of the South China Sea Arbitration. PCA Case N° 2013–19.
   Google Scholar
• Pew (2016). Hostile neighbors: China vs. Japan. Pew Research Center, 2016, September 13, Retrieved from http://www.pewglobal.org/2016/09/13/hostile-neighbors-china-vs-japan/.
   Google Scholar
• Qian F. (2005). Memoir of Qian Fu (钱复回忆录). Taipei: Tianxia Yuanjian chubanshe.
   Google Scholar
• Reilly, J. (2012). Strong Society, Smart State: The Rise of Public Opinion in China’s Japan Policy. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Reilly, J. (2013). China's Economic Statecraft: Turning Wealth into Power. Lowy Institute Analysis, November 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Rich, M., & Perlez, J. (2017). Seeing U.S. in retreat under Trump, Japan and China move to mend ties. New York Times. November 16, Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/16/world/asia/seeing-us-in-retreat-under-trump-japan-and-china-move-to-mend-ties.html.
   Google Scholar
• Rolland, N. (2017). China's “Belt and Road Initiative”: Underwhelming or game-changer?”. The Washington Quarterly, 40(1), 127–42.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulze, K. (2016). Japan’s new assertiveness: institutional change and Japan’s securitization of China. International Relations of the Asia-Pacific, lcw018. doi:10.1093/irap/lcw018
   Google Scholar
• SCMP. (1996a). Anger flares over islands: HK activists step up protests against Japanese sovereignty claims. September 7, 1.
   Google Scholar
• SCMP. (1996b). Anti-Japan camp in Diaoyu rally, September 9, 1.
   Google Scholar
• SCMP. (1996c). Beijing warns Diaoyu activists, September 13, 1.
   Google Scholar
• SCMP. (1996d). China urged to act over sovereignty, October 6, 3.
   Google Scholar
• SCMP. (1996e). Civil servants add voice to opposition, September 13, 8.
   Google Scholar
• SCMP. (1996f). Factions united for memorial, September 28, 4.
   Google Scholar
• SCMP. (1996g). Jiang warns of Diaoyu threat to HK, October 3, 1.
   Google Scholar
• SCMP. (1996h). Liberal leader demands action over islands, September 11, 6.
   Google Scholar
• SCMP. (1996i). 12,000 march as anger over Diaoyu grows, September 16, 1.
   Google Scholar
• SCMP. (1996j). On the mainland, September 23, 1.
   Google Scholar
• SCMP. (1996k). Private deal floated in disputed waters, August 9, 9.
   Google Scholar
• SCMP. (1996l). Rivals united by island disputes, September 17, 20.
   Google Scholar
• SCMP. (1996m). Tokyo to negotiate Diaoyu fishing pact, August 8, 12.
   Google Scholar
• SCMP. (1997). Beijing treads warily on island issue, September 7, 3.
   Google Scholar
• SCMP. (2014). Xi Jinping blasts Japan's wartime atrocities at high-profile Nanking massacre memorial, December 13. Retrieved from http://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1661651/xi-jinping-blasts-japans-wartime-atrocities-high-profile-nanking-massacre.
   Google Scholar
• Shambaugh, D. (2008). China's Communist Party: Atrophy and Adaption. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Shen, Z. (2014). China’s Guidelines in resolving land border disputes during the Cold War (冷战年代中国处理陆地边界纠纷的方针). Twenty-First Century, 143, 22–32.
   Google Scholar
• Shirk, S. L. (2008). China: Fragile Superpower. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, S. A. (2012). Japan and the East China Sea dispute. Orbis, 56, 370–390. doi:10.1016/j.orbis.2012.05.006
   Google Scholar
• Smith, S. A. (2015). Intimate rivals: Japanese domestic politics and a rising China. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Snelling, M. (1996). Islands protest turns to tragedy. Paris, France: Agency France Press.
   Google Scholar
• Suganuma, U. (2000). Sovereign Rights and Territorial Space in Sino-Japanese Relations: Irredentism and the Diaoyu/Senkaku Islands. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press.
   Google Scholar
• Swaine, M. D., & Fravel, M. T. (2011). China’s assertive behavior – part two: the maritime periphery. MIT Web Domain. Retrieved from http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/71259.
   Google Scholar
• Toft, M. D. (2006). Issue indivisibility and time horizons as rationalist explanations for war. Security Studies, 15, 34–69. doi:10.1080/09636410600666246
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toft, M. D. (2013). The geography of ethnic violence: identity, interests, and the indivisibility. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East [UNECAFE]. (1968). Geological Structure and Some Water Characteristics of the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea. Technical Bulletin, 2.
   Google Scholar
• Valencia, M. J. (1997). Energy and insecurity in Asia. Survival, 39, 85–106. doi:10.1080/00396339708442928
   Google Scholar
• Weiss, J. C. (2014). Powerful Patriots: Nationalist Protest in China’s Foreign Relations. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wiegand, K. E. (2009). China’s Strategy in the Senkaku/Diaoyu islands dispute: issue linkage and coercive diplomacy. Asian Security, 5, 170–193. doi:10.1080/14799850902886617
   Google Scholar
• Wiegand, K. E. (2011). Enduring Territorial Disputes: Strategies of Bargaining, Coercive Diplomacy, and Settlement. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wu, K. (2014). China's energy security: Oil and gas. Energy Policy, 73(Suppl C), 4–11. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2014.05.040
   Google Scholar
• Xinhua. (2005). The rise and fall of history: overseas Baodiao movement thirty years ago (历史钩沉：三十多年前的海外保钓运动). Retrieved from http://news.xinhuanet.com/overseas/2005-10/06/content_3587655_1.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Xinhua. (2013). Zhou En-lai and Kakuei Tanaka: ‘Let’s shelve Diaoyu Island issues (周恩来与田中角荣：钓鱼岛问题以后再说). Retrieved from http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2013-08/14/c_125164324.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Xu, Z.Y. (2012). Taiwan's response to Baodiao movement. New York Times, October 17, 2012. Retrieved from https://cn.nytimes.com/culture/20121017/cc17xuzhiyuan/
   Google Scholar
• Yan, X. (2014). From keeping a low profile to striving for achievement. The Chinese Journal of International Politics, 7, 153–184. doi:10.1093/cjip/pou027
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, J. (2010). Japan’s decline relative to China: scenarios and implications for East Asia. Political Science, 62, 146–165.doi:10.1177/0032318710384045
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• You, J. (2014). The PLA and diplomacy: unraveling myths about the military role in foreign policy making. Journal of Contemporary China, 23, 236–254. doi:10.1080/10670564.2013.832526
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, Z. (2011). China’s energy security, the Malacca dilemma and response. Energy Policy, 39, 7612–7615. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2011.09.033
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, D. (2002). An angle on nationalism in china today: attitudes among Beijing students after Belgrade 1999. The China Quarterly, 885–905. doi:10.1017/s0009443902000542
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, S. (2005). China’s pragmatic nationalism: is it manageable? The Washington Quarterly, 29, 131–144. doi:10.1162/016366005774859670
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, S. (2013). Foreign policy implications of Chinese nationalism revisited: the strident turn. Journal of Contemporary China, 22, 535–553. doi:10.1080/10670564.2013.766379
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhong, Y. (1996). Legitimacy crisis and legitimation in China. Journal of Contemporary Asia, 26, 201–220. doi:10.1080/00472339680000131
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu, Y. (2011). Performance legitimacy and China’s political adaption strategy. Journal of Chinese Political Science, 16, 123–140. doi:10.1007/s11366-011-9140-8
   Google Scholar