929
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Linking trade and environment in emerging economies: Korea’s ambition for making green free trade agreements

References

  • Abbott, K. W., & Snidal, D. (2000). Hard and soft law in international governance. International Organization, 54(3), 421–456.
  • Aklin, M. (2015). Re-exploring the trade and environment nexus through the diffusion of pollution. Environmental and Resource Economics, 64(4), 663–682. doi:10.1007/s10640-015-9893-1
  • Bailer, S. (2012). Strategy in the climate change negotiations: Do democracies negotiate differently? Climate Policy, 12(5), 534–551. doi:10.1080/14693062.2012.691224
  • Bastiaens, I., & Postnikov, E. (2017). Greening up: The effects of environmental standards in EU and US trade agreements. Environmental Politics, 26(5), 847–869. doi:10.1080/09644016.2017.1338213
  • Bechtel, M. M., Bernauer, T., & Meyer, R. (2012). The green side of protectionism: Environmental concerns and three facets of trade policy preferences. Review of International Political Economy, 19(5), 837–866. doi:10.1080/09692290.2011.611054
  • Bernauer, T., & Nguyen, Q. (2015). Free trade and/or environmental protection? Global Environmental Politics, 15(4), 105–129. doi:10.1162/GLEP_a_00327
  • Bhagwati, J. (2003). Free trade today. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Bhagwati, J. (2008). Termites in the trading system: How preferential agreements undermine free trade. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Blaxekjær, L. (2015). Korea as green middle power: Green growth strategic action in the field of global environmental governance. International Relations of the Asia-Pacific, 16(3), 443–476. doi:10.1093/irap/lcv023
  • Bøas, M. (2000). The trade–environment nexus and the potential of regional trade institutions. New Political Economy, 5(3), 415–432.
  • Böhmelt, T., Bernauer, T., & Koubi, V. (2015). The marginal impact of ENGOs in different types of democratic systems. European Political Science Review, 7(1), 93–118. doi:10.1017/S175577391400006X
  • Burchell, J., & Lightfoot, S. (2004). Leading the way? The European Union at the WSSD. European Environment, 14(6), 331–341. doi:10.1002/eet.368
  • Carbonell, J., & Allison, J. (2015). Democracy and state environmental commitment to international environmental treaties. International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, 15(2), 79–104. doi:10.1007/s10784-013-9213-6
  • Chang, K., & Lee, C. (2018). North Korea and the East Asian security order: Competing views on what South Korea ought to do. The Pacific Review, 31(2), 245–255. doi:10.1080/09512748.2017.1397733
  • Cho, M. (2012, May 2). South Korea approves carbon trading scheme. Reuters. Retrieved from http://www.reuters.com
  • Choe, S. (2007, April 2). U.S. and South Korea sign free-trade agreement. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com
  • Choi, J. (2012). Chapter 15. The environment. KORUS FTA’s main policies and legislation II (pp. 527–550). Retrieved from National Assembly Research Service website https://www.nars.go.kr/brdView.do?cmsCd=CM0014&brd_Seq=9189 [In Korean]
  • Choi, S. H. (2007, July 1). The US confirms no-renegotiation. Money Today. [In Korean].
  • Cole, M. A. (2004). Trade, the pollution haven hypothesis and the environmental Kuznets curve: Examining the linkages. Ecological Economics, 48(1), 71–81. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2003.09.007
  • Colyer, D. (2011). Green trade agreements. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Copeland, B. R. (2010). How does trade affect the environment? In G. Heal (Ed.), Is economic growth sustainable? (pp. 206–247). London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Copeland, B. R., & Taylor, M. S. (2013). Trade and the environment: Theory and evidence. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Copelovitch, M. S., & Putnam, T. L. (2014). Design in context: Existing international agreements and new cooperation. International Organization, 68(2), 471–493. doi:10.1017/S0020818313000441
  • Cuyvers, L. (2014). The sustainable development clauses in free trade agreements of the EU with Asian countries: Perspectives for ASEAN? Journal of Contemporary European Studies, 22(4), 427–449. doi:10.1080/14782804.2014.923752
  • Dasgupta, S., Laplante, B., Wang, H., & Wheeler, D. (2002). Confronting the environmental Kuznets curve. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 16(1), 147–168. doi:10.1257/0895330027157
  • da Conceição-Heldt, E. (2013). Emerging powers in WTO negotiations: The domestic sources of trade policy preferences. The International Trade Journal, 27(5), 431–449. doi:10.1080/08853908.2013.838149
  • Erickson, J. (2015). Dangerous trade: Arms exports, human rights, and international reputation. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
  • Esty, D. C. (1994). Greening the GATT: Trade, environment, and the future. Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics.
  • Evans, P. B., Jacobson, H. K., & Putnam, R. D. (Eds.). (1993). Double-edged diplomacy: International bargaining and domestic politics. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
  • Falkner, R. (2016). The Paris Agreement and the new logic of international climate politics. International Affairs, 92(5), 1107–1125. doi:10.1111/1468-2346.12708
  • Feenstra, R., Inklaar, R., & Timmer, M. P. (2015). The next generation of the Penn World Table. American Economic Review, 105(10), 3150–3182. doi:10.1257/aer.20130954
  • Fox, A. B. (1995). Environment and trade: The NAFTA case. Political Science Quarterly, 110(1), 49–68. doi:10.2307/2152050
  • Frankel, J. A., & Rose, A. K. (2005). Is trade good or bad for the environment? Sorting out the causality. Review of Economics and Statistics, 87(1), 85–91. doi:10.1162/0034653053327577
  • Gallagher, K. (2004). Free trade and the environment: Mexico, NAFTA and beyond. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.
  • Girouard, N. (2010). The OECD green growth strategy: Key lessons so far. The OECD Observer, 279, 53–54.
  • Grossman, G. M., & Krueger, A. B. (1991). Environmental impacts of a North American Free Trade Agreement. (Working Paper No. 3914). Retrieved from National Bureau of Economic Research website https://www.nber.org/papers/w3914.pdf
  • Gwon, S. (1992, June 5). Required to reorganize all industrial sectors to reflect the new trade barrier “the environmental issues”. Dong-A Ilbo. Retrieved from http://www.donga.com/ [In Korean]
  • Han, H. (2015). Korea’s pursuit of low-carbon green growth: A middle-power state's dream of becoming a green pioneer. The Pacific Review, 28(5), 731–754. doi:10.1080/09512748.2015.1013491
  • Horn, H., Mavroidis, P. C., & Sapir, A. (2010). Beyond the WTO? An anatomy of EU and US preferential trade agreements. The World Economy, 33(11), 1565–1588. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9701.2010.01273.x
  • IISD & UNEP. (2017). A sustainability toolkit for trade negotiators: Trade and investment as vehicles for achieving the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda, he International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) and the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP). Retrieved from http://www.iisd.org/toolkits/sustainability-toolkit-for-trade-negotiators
  • Ivanova, M., & Esty, D. C. (2008). Reclaiming US leadership in global environmental governance. SAIS Review of International Affairs, 28(2), 57–75.
  • Jin, S. H. (2007, June 28). The KORUS Renegotiation completed. Hankook Ilbo. [In Korean].
  • Jinnah, S. (2011). Strategic linkages: The evolving role of trade agreements in global environmental governance. The Journal of Environment & Development, 20(2), 191–215. doi:10.1177/1070496511405152
  • Jinnah, S. (2017). Makers, takers, shakers, shapers: Emerging economies and normative engagement in climate governance. Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations, 23(2), 285–306. doi:10.1163/19426720-02302009
  • Jinnah, S., & Lindsay, A. (2016). Diffusion through issue linkage: Environmental norms in US trade agreements. Global Environmental Politics, 16(3), 41–61. doi:10.1162/GLEP_a_00365
  • Jinnah, S., & Morgera, E. (2013). Environmental provisions in American and EU free trade agreements: A preliminary comparison and research agenda. Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, 22(3), 324–339. doi:10.1111/reel.12042
  • Johnson, P. M., & Beaulieu, A. (1996). The environment and NAFTA: Understanding and implementing the new continental law. Washington, D.C.: Island Press.
  • Jung, H. H. (2007, June 29). The KORUS FTA leaves both countries satisfied. Maeil Business Newspaper. Retrieved from https://www.mk.co.kr/news/economy/view/2007/06/341656/ [in Korean].
  • Jung, T. Y., & Ahn, J. E. (2010, October). Domestic politics for climate change: Republic of Korea. Presented at the Asia Climate Change Policy Forum, the Australian National University, 26–27 October 2010. Global Green Growth Institute.
  • KEA. (2006a, October 23). Declaration by transnational alliance between KEA and US ENGOs. The Green Peace Korea Website. Retrieved from Green Peace Korea website http://www.greenkorea.org/?p=11986 [in Korean].
  • KEA. (2006b, May 10). Korea-US FTA and the environment: The impact of Korea-US FTA on the environment and human life, Korea-US FTA KEA Discussion Workshop Proceedings. Retrieved Green Peace Korea website http://www.greenkorea.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2006/05/p2Ylc4.pdf [in Korean].
  • KEA. (2006c, September 4). Submission to the Office of Prime Minister. Retrieved Green Peace Korea website http://energyjustice.kr/zbxe/14204?ckattempt=1 [in Korean].
  • KFEM. (2006a, May 9). Discussion workshop on the effect of Korea-US FTA on the environment and human life. Retrieved from Korean Federation of Environmental Movement website http://kfem.or.kr/?p=15222 [in Korean].
  • KFEM. (2006b, July 11). Media release on Korea-US FTA KEA Press Conference. Retrieved from Korean Federation of Environmental Movement website http://kfem.or.kr/?p=15234 [in Korean].
  • Kim, C. (1992, June 15). Upon recognizing international trend Korea redirects environmental policies. Dong-A Ilbo. Retrieved from http://www.donga.com/ [In Korean]
  • Kim, J. H. (2016, June 30). Government increases the target for greenhouse gas reduction. Hankukkyungjae. Retrieved from http://www.hankyung.com. [In Korean].
  • Kim, S. Y., & Thurbon, E. (2015). Developmental environmentalism: Explaining South Korea’s ambitious pursuit of green growth. Politics & Society, 43(2), 213–240. doi:10.1177/0032329215571287
  • Kilian, B., & Elgström, O. (2010). Still a green leader? The European Union’s role in international climate negotiations. Cooperation and Conflict, 45(3), 255–273. doi:10.1177/0010836710377392
  • Koo, M. G., & Kim, S. Y. (2018). East Asian way of linking the environment to trade in free trade agreements. The Journal of Environment & Development, 27(4), 382–414. doi:10.1177/1070496518794234
  • Korean Department of Environment. (1994). The environmental round: The task force final report. [In Korean]
  • Government, K. (2011). The KORUS economic impact analysis. [In Korean].
  • Korean Government. (2012). Promoting global green growth through green ODA. [In Korean].
  • Korea-US FTA. (2012). Free Trade Agreement between the Republic of Korea and the United States of America. Retrieved from http://www.fta.go.kr/webmodule/_PSD_FTA/us/doc/us_Fulltext_eng.pdf
  • Lang, T., & Hines, C. (1993). The new protectionism: Protecting the future against free trade agreements. New York, NY: The New Press
  • Lechner, L. (2016). The domestic battle over the design of non-trade issues in preferential trade agreements. Review of International Political Economy, 23(5), 840–871. doi:10.1080/09692290.2016.1231130
  • Leeg, T. (2018). Negotiating sustainable trade: Explaining the difference in social standards in US and EU preferential trade agreements. Contemporary Politics, 24(4), 398–320. doi:10.1080/13569775.2017.1422093
  • Lim, J. H., & Tang, S. Y. (2002). Democratization and environmental policy–making in Korea. Governance, 15(4), 561–582. doi:10.1111/1468-0491.00201
  • Mahé, L. P. (1997). Environment and quality standards in the WTO: New protectionism in agricultural trade? A European perspective. European Review of Agricultural Economics, 24(3–4), 480–503.
  • Man Sets Himself on Fire in Protest at Korea-U.S. FTA. (2007, April 2). Chosun Ilbo, Retrieved from http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2007/04/02/2007040261022.html
  • Mason, R. H., & Sakong, I. (1971). Level of economic development and capital-labor ratios in manufacturing. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 53(2), 176–178. doi:10.2307/1925714
  • Midlarsky, M. (1998). Democracy and the environment: An empirical assessment. Journal of Peace Research, 35(3), 341–361. doi:10.1177/0022343398035003005
  • Milewicz, K., Hollway, J., Peacock, C., & Snidal, D. (2016). Beyond trade: The expanding scope of the nontrade agenda in trade agreements. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 62(4), 743–773. doi:10.1177/0022002716662687
  • MOE. (2001). National environmental vision for the new millennium. Ministry of Environment. [in Korean].
  • MOE. (2006). The first sustainable development strategy and implementation plan 2006–2010. Ministry of Environment. [in Korean].
  • MOE. (2007). Results and follow-up plans for environmental negotiation in the KORUS. Ministry of Environment. [in Korean].
  • MOE. (2009). The 2009–2013 green growth 5-year plan. Ministry of Environment. [in Korean].
  • MOE. (2011). Rules on operation of the written submission system of the environmental chapter of the KORUS (regulation no.442, November 18, 2011). Ministry of Environment. [in Korean].
  • MOSF. (2013). Manual for hosting Green Climate Fund. Ministry of Strategy and Finance. [in Korean].
  • Morgera, E. (2010, November 15). G20 adopts Seoul action plan. Retrieved from International Institute for Sustainable Development website: http://sdg.iisd.org/news/g20-adopts-seoul-action-plan/
  • Morin, J. F., Dür, A., & Lechner, L. (2018). Mapping the trade and environment nexus: Insights from a new data set. Global Environmental Politics, 18(1), 122–139. doi:10.1162/GLEP_a_00447
  • Na, J. (2008). Lee proposes E. Asia climate partnership. The Korea Times. Retrieved from http://www.koreatimes.co.kr [in Korean].
  • Najam, A. (2005). Developing countries and global environmental governance: From contestation to participation to engagement. International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, 5(3), 303–321. doi:10.1007/s10784-005-3807-6
  • Nemati, M., Hu, W., & Reed, M. (2019). Are free trade agreements good for the environment? A panel data analysis. Review of Development Economics, 23(1), 435–453. doi:10.1111/rode.12554
  • Neumayer, E. (2002). Do democracies exhibit stronger international environmental commitment? A cross-country analysis. Journal of Peace Research, 39(2), 139–164. doi:10.1177/0022343302039002001
  • OECD. (2007). Regional trade agreements and environment. Document COM/ENV/TD (2006)47/FINAL. Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/env/38599779.pdf
  • OECD. (2011). Towards green growth: A summary for policy makers. Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/greengrowth/48012345.pdf
  • Palmer, D. (2007, May 11). Democrats, Bush strike deal on trade. Reuters. Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/
  • Papa, M., & Gleason, N. W. (2012). Major emerging powers in sustainable development diplomacy: Assessing their leadership potential. Global Environmental Change, 22(4), 915–924. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.06.003
  • Parker, C. F., & Karlsson, C. (2010). Climate change and the European Union's leadership moment: An inconvenient truth? JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 48(4), 923–943. doi:10.1111/j.1468-5965.2010.02080.x
  • Perkins, R. (2013). Sustainable development and the making and unmaking of a developing world. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 31(6), 1003–1022. doi:10.1068/c12286
  • Putnam, R. D. (1988). Diplomacy and domestic politics: The logic of two-level games. International Organization, 42(3), 427–460. doi:10.1017/S0020818300027697
  • Repetto, R. (2000). Avoiding trade and environment conflicts. Environment and Development Economics, 5(4), 483–519.
  • Rosenberg, R. L., & Miller, M. L. (2000). Introduction. In R. L. Rosenberg (Ed.), Environmentally sound trade expansion in the Americas: A hemispheric dialogue (pp. 1–22). Coral Gables, FL: North-South Center Press.
  • Schreurs, M. A., & Tiberghien, Y. (2007). Multi-level reinforcement: Explaining European Union leadership in climate change mitigation. Global Environmental Politics, 7(4), 19–46. doi:10.1162/glep.2007.7.4.19
  • Shahin, M. (2002). Trade and environment: How real is the debate. In G. P. Sampson & W. B. Chambers (Eds.), Trade, environment, and the millennium (2nd ed., pp. 45–80). New York, NY: United Nations University Press.
  • Shin, S. O. (2016). South Korea’s elusive middlepowermanship: Regional or global player? The Pacific Review, 29(2), 187–209. doi:10.1080/09512748.2015.1013494
  • Simmons, B. A. (1998). Compliance with international agreements. Annual Review of Political Science, 1(1), 75–93. doi:10.1146/annurev.polisci.1.1.75
  • Sohn, Y. (2019). South Korea under the United States–China rivalry: Dynamics of the economic-security nexus in trade policymaking. The Pacific Review, 32(6), 1019–1040. doi:10.1080/09512748.2019.1617770
  • Sommerer, T., & Lim, S. (2016). The environmental state as a model for the world? An analysis of policy repertoires in 37 countries. Environmental Politics, 25(1), 92–115. doi:10.1080/09644016.2015.1081719
  • Strong willingness to promote economic liberalization and internalization and to join the OECD by the President Kim. (1993, November 9). Kyunghyang Shinmun. Retrieved from http://www.khan.co.kr [In Korean]
  • Sussman, G. (2004). The USA and global environmental policy: Domestic constraints on effective leadership. International Political Science Review, 25(4), 349–369. doi:10.1177/0192512104045077
  • The Blue House. (2008). A great people with new dreams. Retrieved from http://www.korea.net/NewsFocus/policies/view?articleId=73209
  • UNEP. (2011). Towards a green economy: Pathways to sustainable development and poverty eradication – A synthesis for policy makers. United Nations Environment Programme. Retrieved from https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/126GER_synthesis_en.pdf
  • USTR. (2007). Trade facts: Bipartisan trade deal. United States Trade Representative. Retrieved from https://ustr.gov/about-us/policy-offices/press-office/fact-sheets
  • Vogel, D. (2013). Global trade linkages: National security and human security. In V. K. Aggarwal and K. Govella (Eds.), Linking trade and security: Evolving institutions and strategies in Asia, Europe, and United States (pp. 23–48). New York, NY: Springer.
  • Vogler, J. (2005). The European contribution to global environmental governance. International Affairs, 81(4), 835–850. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2346.2005.00487.x
  • Vogler, J., & Stephan, H. R. (2007). The European Union in global environmental governance: Leadership in the making? International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, 7(4), 389–413. doi:10.1007/s10784-007-9051-5
  • Watson, I. (2012). Contested meanings of environmentalism and national security in green Korea. The Pacific Review, 25(5), 537–560. doi:10.1080/09512748.2012.724695
  • Watson, I. (2018). South Korea’s changing middle power identities as response to North Korea. The Pacific Review, 1–31. Advance online publication. doi:10.1080/09512748.2018.1518923
  • Watson, I., & Pandey, C. L. (2014). Environmental security and new middle powers: The case of South Korea. Asian Security, 10(1), 70–95. doi:10.1080/14799855.2013.874336
  • Weisman, S. R. (2007, May 11). Bush and Democrats in accord on trade deals. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com
  • Yoon, C. (2000). Assessment on implementing the OECD’s recommendation and follow-up plan: The environment (The Korea Institute of Economic Policy 00-04). Retrieved from http://www.kiep.go.kr/sub/view.do?bbsId=search_report&nttId=131527 [In Korean].
  • Young, O. R. (1979). Compliance and public authority. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.