References
- ANI. (2021). China warns against external forces interference in Myanmar. Beijing: Malaysia Sun. https://www.malaysiasun.com/news/268482969/china-warns-against-external-forces-interference-in-myanmar.
- ASEAN Chair. (2019). Chairman's Statement of the 34th ASEAN Summit. Bangkok, June 23. https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Final_Chairs-Statement-of-the-34th-ASEAN-Summit-rev.pdf.
- ASEAN Chair. (2020). Press Statement by the Chair of ASEAN Foreign Ministers' Retreat. Nha Trang, January 16-17. https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/AMMR-Press-Statement-Final.pdf.
- ASEAN Chair. (2021a). ASEAN Chairman's Statement on the Developments in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar. January 1 (sic!). https://asean.org/asean-chairmans-statement-on-the-developments-in-the-republic-of-the-union-of-myanmar-2/.
- ASEAN Chair. (2021b). Chairman's Statement on the ASEAN Leaders' Meeting. Jakarta, Indonesia: ASEAN, April 24. https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/Chairmans-Statement-on-ALM-Five-Point-Consensus-24-April-2021-FINAL-a-1.pdf.
- ASEAN Chair. (2021c). Statement of the Chair of the ASEAN Foreign Ministers' Meeting. ASEAN, October 16. http://www.mfa.gov.bn/Lists/Press%20Room/news.aspx?id=947.
- ASEAN Civil Society Conference (ACSC)/ASEAN Peoples' Forum (APF). (2021). Joint Statement form the ASEAN Civil Society Conference (ACSC)/ASEAN Peoples' Forum (APF) 2021. October 15–17. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ktBl0WMKlFjz34Gwaf0dUacyUqFtO_r6/view?fbclid=IwAR2UL_3Lr_3ioUpPrE3hD6pKbTM1LCuk0emt4bxdxsij2sW8WdRlvEDqZus.
- ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights (AICHR). (2012). “Guidelines on the Operations of the ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights (AICHR).” March 12. https://aichr.org/wpcontent/uploads/2018/10/Guidelines_on_the_Operations_of_AICH. R.pdf.
- ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights (AICHR). (2015). Guidelines on the AICHR's Relations with Civil Society Organisations. February 11. https://aichr.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Guidelines_On_The_AICHRS_Relations_With__CSOs.pdf.
- ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights (AICHR). (2016). The ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights Annual Report: June 2015-June 2016. https://aichr.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/The_AICHR_Annual__Report_2016_.pdf.
- ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights (AICHR). (2017). The ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights (AICHR). Annual Report 2017. https://aichr.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/AICHR_ANNUAL_REPORT_2017_adopted_on_11_July_2017.pdf.
- ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights (AICHR). (2018). The ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights (AICHR). Annual Report 2018. https://aichr.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Adopted_AICHR_Annual_Report_2018_31072018.pdf.
- ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights (AICHR). (2020). Five-Year Work Plan of the AICHR 2021-2025. September. https://aichr.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/AICHR-FYWP-2021-2025-approved-at-53rd-AMM_for-web.pdf.
- ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights (AICHR). (2021a). “1st Regional Dialogue on Human Rights and Democratization in Myanmar.” Kuala Lumpur, July 15. https://humanrightsinasean.info/events/cso/1st-regional-dialogue-on-human-rights-and-democratization-in-myanmar/.
- ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights (AICHR). (2021b). “Press Release 33rd Meeting of the AICHR, 6-8 April 2021, Video Conference.” AICHR, April 6-8. https://aichr.org/news/press-release-33rd-meeting-of-the-aichr-6-8-april-2021-video-conference/.
- ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights (AICHR). (sine anno). The ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights (AICHR) Annual Report 2019. https://aichr.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/AICHR-Annual-Report-2019.pdf.
- Asplund, André. (2014). ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights: Civil Society Organizations' Limited Influence on ASEAN. Journal of Asian Public Policy, 7(2), 191–199. doi:10.1080/17516234.2014.896090
- Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). (2007). Charter of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. Singapore, November 20. https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/November-2020-The-ASEAN-Charter-28th-Reprint.pdf.
- Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). (2009). Terms of Reference of the ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights. https://aichr.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/TOR-of-AICHR.pdf.
- Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). (2013). Statement on Current Developments in the Kingdom of Thailand. December 14. https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/images/2013/resources/40thASEAN-Japan/statement%20on%20current%20developments%20in%20thailand%20-%20final.pdf.
- Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). (2014). ASEAN Foreign Ministers' Statement on the Developments in Thailand. May 10-11. https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/24th-Statement-on-Thailand.pdf.
- Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). (2019). Joint Communique of the 52nd ASEAN Foreign Ministers' Meeting. Bangkok, July 31. https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/CIRCULATE-Joint-Communique-of-the-52nd-AMM-FINAL.pdf.
- Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). (2020). Joint Statement by ASEAN - 44th Regular Session of the Human Rights Council, Item 2 Enhanced Interactive Dialogue on the Philippines. Geneva, June 30. https://hrcmeetings.ohchr.org/HRCSessions/RegularSessions/44session/Pages/Statements.aspx?SessionId=35&MeetingDate=30/06/2020%2000:00:00.
- Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). (2021). Joint Communique of the 54th ASEAN Foreign Ministers' Meeting. August 2. https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Joint-Communique-of-the-54th-ASEAN-Foreign-Ministers-Meeting-FINAL.pdf.
- Ba, Alice. (2009). (Re)Negotiating East and Southeast Asia: Region, regionalism, and the association of Southeast Asian Nations. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
- Barber, Rebecca, & Teitt, Sarah. (2021). Legitimacy and Centrality under Threat: The Case for an ASEAN Response to Human Rights Violations against the Rohingya. Asian Politics & Policy, 13(4), 1–22.
- Basham-Jones, Deborah. (2012). ASEAN’s Intergovernmental Commission on HumanRights: A Pale Shadow of What It Could Have Been. Asia-Pacific Journal on Human Rights and the Law, 13(2), 1–26. doi:10.1163/138819012X13323234710026
- BBC. (2019). Brunei Says Controversial Sharia Law Aimed at 'Prevention'. BBC News, April 12. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-47906070.
- Chin, James. (2021). Malaysia: identity politics, the rise of political Islam and 'Ketuanan Melayu Islam. In Mathew Mathews & Melvin Tay (Eds.), Religion and identity politics: Global trends and local realities (pp. 75–95). Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.
- Clarke, Gerard. (2012). The evolving ASEAN Human Rights System: The ASEAN Human Rights Declaration of 2012. Northwestern Journal of International Human Rights, 11(1), 1–27.
- Collins, Alan. (2017). The subtlety of ASEAN Consensus. RSiS Commentary, 222. https://www.rsis.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/CO17222.pdf
- Collins, Alan. (2019). W(h)ither the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN)? W(h)ither constructivism? Fixity of norms and the ASEAN Way. International Relations, 33(3), 413–432. doi:10.1177/0047117819830469
- Council of the European Union. (2021). Myanmar/Burma: Third Round of EU Sanctionsover the Military Coup and Subsequent Repression. Council of the European Union, June 21. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2021/06/21/myanmar-burma-third-round-of-eu-sanctions-over-the-military-coup-and-subsequent-repression/.
- Davies, Mathew. (2013). ASEAN and Human Rights Norms: Constructivism, Rational Choice, and the Action-Identity Gap. International Relations of the Asia-Pacific, 13(2), 207–231. doi:10.1093/irap/lct002
- Davies, Mathew. (2017). Important but de-centred: ASEAN's role in the Southeast Asian human rights space. TRaNS: Trans -Regional and -National Studies of Southeast Asia, 5(1), 99–119. doi:10.1017/trn.2016.27
- Durbach, Andrea, Renshaw, Catherine, & Byrnes, Andrew. (2009). ‘A tongue but no teeth?’: The emergence of a regional human rights mechanism in the Asia Pacific region. Sydney Law Review, 31(2), 211–238.
- Feraru, Atena Stefania. (2016). ASEAN decision-making process: Before and after the ASEAN Charter. Asian Development Policy Review, 4(1), 26–41. doi:10.18488/journal.107/2016.4.1/107.1.26.41
- Feraru, Atena Stefania. (2022). Weak states, vulnerable governments, and regional cooperation: An ASEAN Case Study. London and New York: Routledge.
- Gerard, Kelly. (2014). ASEAN's engagement of civil society: Regulating dissent. Hampshire and New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Gomez, Jim. (2021). US urges ASEAN to press for return to democracy in Myanmar. Associated Press, July 14. https://apnews.com/article/business-health-government-and-politics-coronavirus-pandemic-myanmar-38c1d9b22a4773fab5522c141f38a2be.
- Gomez, James, & Ramcharan, Robin. (2012). The protection of human rights in Southeast Asia: Improving the effectiveness of civil society. Asia-Pacific Journal on Human Rights and the Law, 13(2), 27–43. doi:10.1163/138819012X13323234710062
- Government of Canada. (2021). “Canadian Sanctions related to Myanmar.” December 23. https://www.international.gc.ca/world-monde/international_relations-relations_internationales/sanctions/myanmar.aspx?lang=eng.
- Hanara, Desi. (2019). A decade in review: Assessing the performance of the AICHR to uphold the protection mandates. Vol. 1. Forum-Asia and the Solidarity for ASEAN People's Advocacy (SAPA). https://www.forum-asia.org/uploads/wp/2019/06/AFreviewdecadeFAR1-1.pdf.
- Hara, Abubakar Eby. (2018). The concerns and sustainability of ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights (AICHR). Sustainable future for human security. Springer, Singapore, 2018. 49–59
- Hiebert, Murray. (2020). Under Beijing's shadow: Southeast Asia's China challenge. Washington, D.C. and Lanham, MD: CSIS and Rowman & Littlefield.
- Human Rights Commission of Malaysia (SUHAKAM). (2021). 2nd Regional dialogue on human rights and democratization in Myanmar. October 21. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K-oMl90ozCA.
- Human Rights Watch (HRW). (2018). Human rights in Southeast Asia: Briefing materials for the Australia-ASEAN Summit. Sydney, Australia, March 17-18, 2018. Human Rights Watch. https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/supporting_resources/asean_australia0318.pdf.
- Human Rights Watch (HRW). (2019). ASEAN: Don't Whitewash atrocities against Rohingya. Human Rights Watch. New York, June 19. https://www.hrw.org/news/2019/06/19/asean-dont-whitewash-atrocities-. against-rohingya.
- Human Rights Watch (HRW). (2019). To Speak Out is Dangerous: The Criminalization of Peaceful Expression in Thailand. Human Rights Watch. https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/report_pdf/thailand1019_web.pdf.
- Human Rights Watch (HRW). (2022). Thailand: Events of 2021. In World Report 2022: Events of 2021. Human Rights Watch. https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/media_2022/01/World%20Report%202022%20web%20pdf_0.pdf.
- Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on Myanmar. (2018). Report of the detailed findings of the independent international fact-finding mission on Myanmar. United Nations Human Rights Council. https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=23575&LangID=E.
- Independent Investigative Mechanism for Myanmar. (2021). Report of the independent investigative mechanism on Myanmar. United Nations Human Rights Council, July 5. https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/A_HRC_48_18_E.pdf.
- International Criminal Court (ICC) Office of the Prosecutor. (2021). Situation in the Republic of the Philippines. International Criminal Court, June 14. https://www.icc-cpi.int/CourtRecords/CR2021_05381.PDF.
- International Crisis Group (ICG). (2022). Myanmar’s coup shakes up its ethnic conflicts. Brussels, Belgium: International Crisis Group, January 12. https://d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net/319-myanmar-coup-ethnic-conflicts.pdf.
- Katsumata, Hiro. (2009). ASEAN and human rights: Resisting Western pressure or emulating the west? The Pacific Review, 22(5), 619–637. doi:10.1080/09512740903329731
- Kelsall, Michelle Staggs. (2009). The new ASEAN intergovernmental commission on human rights: Toothless tiger or tentative first step? Asia Pacific Issues: Analysis from the East-West Center, 90, 1–8.
- Kipgen, Nehginpao. (2012). Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN): Cooperation problems on human rights. Strategic Analysis, 36(1), 100–111. doi:10.1080/09700161.2012.628468
- Kipgen, Nehginpao. (2020). Myanmar's perspective on the Rohingya crisis. International Journal on World Peace, 32(1), 43–70.
- Koh, Tommy, Manolo, Rosario G., & Woon, Walter C. M. (2009). The making of the ASEAN charter. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.
- Kongkirati, Prajak, & Kanchoochat, Veerayooth. (2018). The Prayuth regime: Embedded military and hierarchical capitalism in Thailand. TRaNS: Trans -Regional and -National Studies of Southeast Asia, 6(2), 279–305. doi:10.1017/trn.2018.4
- Laksmana, Evan. (2017). Time to consider refinancing options for the ASEAN Secretariat. The Strategist. https://www.aspistrategist.org.au/time-to-consider-refinancing-options-for-the-asean-secretariat/
- Manea, Maria-Gabriela. (2009). How and why interaction matters: ASEAN’s regional identity and human rights. Cooperation and Conflict, 44(1), 27–49. doi:10.1177/0010836708099720
- Missbach, Antje, & Stange, Gunnar. (2021). Muslim solidarity and the lack of effective protection for Rohingya refugees in Southeast Asia. Social Sciences, 10(5), 116–166. doi:10.3390/socsci10050166
- Montesano, Michael J, Terence Chong, Mark Heng, eds. (2019). After the Coup: The National Council for peace and order Era and the future of Thailand. Singapore: ISEAS.
- Morgenbesser, Lee. (2017). The failure of democratisation by elections in Cambodia. Contemporary Politics, 23(2), 135–155. doi:10.1080/13569775.2016.1230317
- Morgenbesser, Lee. (2019). Cambodia's transition to hegemonic authoritarianism. Journal of Democracy, 30(1), 158–171. doi:10.1353/jod.2019.0012
- Munro, James. (2009). Why states create international human rights mechanisms: The ASEAN intergovernmental commission on human rights and democratic lock-in theory. Asia-Pacific Journal on Human Rights and the Law, 10(1), 1–26. doi:10.1163/138819009X12589762582493
- Nandyatama, Randy W. (2021). Indonesian civil society and human rights advocacy in ASEAN: Power and normative struggles. Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Narine, Shaun. (2012). Human rights norms and the evolution of ASEAN: Moving without moving in a changing regional environment. Contemporary Southeast Asia, 34(3), 365–388. doi:10.1355/cs34-3c
- Nesadurai, Helen E. S. (2017). ASEAN during the Life of the Pacific Review: A Balance Sheet on Regional Governance and Community Building. The Pacific Review, 30(6), 938–951. doi:10.1080/09512748.2017.1304436
- Ng, Eileen, & Gomez, Jim. (2021). Myanmar skips ASEAN summit after its military ruler excluded." Associated Press News, October 26. https://apnews.com/article/business-asia-myanmar-global-trade-southeast-asia-6e9b0e627dd0fafda76d5d13a3817bcb.
- Nuechterlein, Donald E. (1968). Prospects for regional security in Southeast Asia. Asian Survey, 8(9), 806–816. doi:10.2307/2642646
- Paulsen, Eric, Santiago, Charles, Muntarbhorn, Vitit, Barredo, Joel Mark, Mathai-Luke, Ratna, & Soon, Edmund Bon Tai. (2019). Bon Tai Soon. A decade in review: Assessing the performance of the ASEAN intergovernmental commission on human rights (Vol. 2). Bangkok, Thailand: Forum Asia.
- Petcharamesree, Sriprapha. (2013). The ASEAN Human Rights Architecture: Its Development and Challenges. The Equal Rights Review, 11, 46–60.
- Phan, Hao Duy. (2019). Promotional versus protective design: The case of the ASEAN intergovernmental commission on human rights. The International Journal of Human Rights, 23(6), 915–937. doi:10.1080/13642987.2018.1562919
- Psaledakis, Daphne, Brunnstrom, David, & Lewis, Simon. (2021). U.S. imposes sweeping human rights sanctions on China, Myanmar and North Korea. Washington: Reuters, December 13. https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/us-issues-human-rights-related-sanctions-adds-sensetime-blacklist-2021-12-10/.
- Renshaw, Catherine. (2010). Understanding the New ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights: The Limits and Potential for Theory. University of New South Wales Faculty of Law Research Series, 53, 1–21.
- Reuters. (2021). Fighting erupts in Myanmar; junta to ‘consider’ ASEAN plan. Reuters, April 27. https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/fighting-erupts-myanmar-near-thai-border-thai-witnesses-2021-04-27/.
- Reuters. (2022b). Cambodia to take 'different approaches' to Myanmar crisis as ASEAN chair. Reuters, January 8. https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/cambodia-take-different-approaches-myanmar-crisis-asean-chair-2022-01-08/.
- Reuters. (2022c). Philippines says 'indispensable' Suu Kyi must be involved in Myanmar peace process. Manila: Reuters, January 16. https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/philippines-says-indispensable-suu-kyi-must-be-involved-myanmar-peace-process-2022-01-16/.
- Ryu, Yongwook, & Ortuoste, Maria. (2014). Democratization, regional integration, and human rights: the case of the ASEAN intergovernmental commission on human rights. The Pacific Review, 27(3), 357–382. doi:10.1080/09512748.2014.909521
- Singh, Param-Preet. (2021). ICC one step closer to probe of Philippines' murderous' war on drugs'. June 14. https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/06/14/icc-one-step-closer-probe-philippines-murderous-war-drugs.
- Smith, Claire Q., & Williams, S. G. (2021). Why Indonesia adopted 'Quiet Diplomacy' over R2P in the Rohingya Crisis: The roles of Islamic humanitarianism, civil-military relations, and ASEAN. Global Responsibility to Protect, 13(2-3), 158–185. doi:10.1163/1875-984X-13020004
- Solidarity for Asian People's Advocacy Task Force on ASEAN and Human Rights (SAPA-TFAHR). (2012). A Commission Shrouded in Secrecy: A Performance Report on the ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights 2010-2011. Bangkok, Thailand: Asian Forum for Human Rights and Development.
- Solidarity for Asian People's Advocacy Task Force on ASEAN and Human Rights (SAPA-TFAHR). (2013). Still window-dressing: A performance report on the third year of the ASEAN intergovernmental commission on human rights (AICHR) 2011-2012. Bangkok, Thailand: Asian Forum for Human Rights and Development.
- Solidarity for Asian People's Advocacy Task Force on ASEAN and Human Rights (SAPA-TFAHR). (2016). Breaking the silence and unlocking barriers for human rights protection in ASEAN: A report on the performance of the ASEAN human rights mechanisms in 2015. Bangkok, Thailand: Asian Forum for Human Rights and Development.
- Soon, Edmund Bon Tai. (2019). Pushing Boundaries and Expanding Space in Institutionalising and Setting Standards for Human Rights in Southeast Asia: The AICHR 2016-2018 Experience. In S. Charles, M. Vitit, B. Joel Mark, M.-L. Ratna, E. P. Edmund Bon Tai Soon (Eds.), A decade in review: Assessing the performance of the ASEAN intergovernmental commission on human rights (Vol. 2, pp. 69–83). Forum Asia and Solidarity for ASEAN People's Advocacy (SAPA) Task-Force. https://www.forum-asia.org/uploads/wp/2019/10/AICHR10vol2FA.pdf.
- Strangio, Sebastian. (2021a). ASEAN envoy cancels planned Myanmar trip due to Junta Stonewalling. The Diplomat, October 15. https://thediplomat.com/2021/10/asean-envoy-cancels-planned-. myanmar-trip-due-to-junta-stonewalling/.
- Strangio, Sebastian. (2021b). ASEAN foreign ministers meet to discuss Myanmar crisis. The Diplomat. March 3. https://thediplomat.com/2021/03/asean-foreign-ministers-meet-to-discuss-myanmar-. crisis/.
- Strangio, Sebastian. (2022). ‘No progress’ on ASEAN peace plan for Myanmar: Singaporean PM. The Diplomat, January 17. https://thediplomat.com/2022/01/no-progress-on-asean-. peace-plan-for-myanmar-singaporean-pm/.
- Suzuki, Sanae. (2021). Interfering via ASEAN? In the Case of Disaster Management. Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 40(3), 1–18.
- The Irrawaddy. (2021). Myanmar’s Escalating Conflict Threatens ASEAN Stability. The Irrawaddy, March 30. https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/myanmars-escalating-conflict-threatens-asean-stability.html.
- Thul, Prak Chan. (2022). Cambodia PM meets Myanmar junta chief as visit sparks protests. Reuters, January 7. https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/cambodia-pm-visit-myanmar-pressing-peace-plan-2022-01-06/.
- United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC). (2020). Situation of Human Rights in the Philippines: Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. United Nations Human Rights Council. https://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/RegularSessions/Session44/Documents/A_HRC_44-22.docx.
- United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC). (2021). Written updates of the office of the united nations high commissioner for human rights on the situation of human rights in Myanmar. September 16. https://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/RegularSessions/Session48/Documents/A_HRC_48_67.docx.
- United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and UNDP. (2010). Workshop report: Strengthening of secretariat support for the ASEAN intergovernmental commission for human rights. Jakarta. November 30–December 1.
- United Nations. (2018). Myanmar Military Leaders Must Face Genocide Charges – UN Report. UN News, August 27. https://news.un.org/en/story/2018/08/1017802.
- Wahyuningrum, Yuyun. (2021). A decade of institutionalizing human rights in ASEAN: Progress and challenges. Journal of Human Rights, 20(2), 158–175. doi:10.1080/14754835.2021.1875811
- Zin, Min. (2020). Myanmar in 2019: Deepening international pariah status and backsliding peace process at home. Asian Survey, 60(1), 140–141. doi:10.1525/as.2020.60.1.140