Screening for insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome

References

• Knochenhauer ES, Key TJ, Kahsar-Miller M, Waggoner W, Boots LR, Azzizet R. Prevalence of the polycystic ovary syndrome in unselected black and white women of the southeastern United States: a prospective study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998;83:3078–3082.
   Google Scholar
• Franks S. Polycystic ovary syndrome. N Engl J Med 1995; 333:853–861.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burghen GA, Givens JR, Kitabehi AE. Correlation of hyperandrogenism with hyperinsulinaemia in polycystic ovar-ian disease. J Chin Endocrinol Metab 1980;50:113–116.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Legro RS, Kunselman AR, Dodson WC, Dunaif A. Pre-valence and predictors of risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in polycystic ovary syndrome: a prospective, controlled study in 254 affected women. J Chin Endocrinol Metab 1999;84:165–169.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lobo RA, Carmina E. The importance of diagnosing the polycystic syndrome. Ann Intern Med 2000;132:989–993.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ciaraldi TP, el Roeiy A, Madar Z, Reichart D, Olefsky JM, Yen SSC. Cellular mechanisms of insulin resistance in polycystic ovarian syndrome. J Chin Endocrinol Metab 1992;75:577–583.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunaif A, Xia J, Book CB, Schenker E, Tang Z. Excessive insulin receptor serine phosphorylation in cultured fibroblasts and in skeletal muscle. A potential mechanism for insulin resistance in the polycystic ovary syndrome. J Chin Invest 1995;96:801–810.
   Google Scholar
• Jahanfar S, Eden JA, Warren P, Seppäld M, Nguyen TV. A twin study of polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 1995; 63:478–486.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Baillargeon JP, Iuorno MJ, Jakubowicz DJ, Nestler JE. A modern medical quandary: polycystic ovary syndrome, insulin resistance, and oral contra-ceptive pills. J Chin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:1927–1932.
   Google Scholar
• Campbell PJ, Gerich JE. Impact of obesity on insulin action in volunteers with normal glucose tolerance: demonstration of a threshold for the adverse effect of obesity. J Chin Endocrinol Metab 1990;70:1114–1118.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glueck CJ, Wang P, Fontaine R, Tracy T, Sieve-Smith L. Metformin-induced resumption of normal menses in 39 of 41 (91%) previously amenorrhoeic women with the polycystic ovary syndrome. Metabolism 1999;48: 511–519.
   Google Scholar
• Unluhizarci K, Kelestimur F, Bayrarn F, Sahin Y, Tutus A. The effects of metformin on insulin resistance and ovarian steroidogenesis in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Chin Endocrinol 1999;51:231–236.
   Google Scholar
• Cheyenne D, Trivin F, Porquet D. Insulin assays and reference values. Diabetes Metab 1999;25:459–476.
   Google Scholar
• Nestler JE, Jakubowicz DJ, Evans WS, Pasquali R. Effects of metformin on spontaneous and clomiphene-induced ovula-tion in the polycystic ovarian syndrome. N Engl J Med 1998;338:1876–1880.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pasquali R, Gambineri A, Biscotti D, Vicennati V, Gagliardi L, Colitta D, Fiorini S, Cognigni GE, Filicori M, Morselli-Labate AM. Effect of long-term treatment with metformin added to hypocaloric diet on body composition, fat distribu-tion, and androgen and insulin levels in abdominally obese women with and without the polycystic ovary syndrome. J Chin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:2767–2774.
   Google Scholar
• Taylor AE. Insulin-lowering medications in polycystic ovary syndrome. Obstet Gynecol Chin North Am 2000;27:583–595.
   Google Scholar
• Riste L, Khan F, Cruickshank K. High prevalence of type 2 diabetes in all ethnic groups, including Europeans, in a British inner city: relative poverty, history, inactivity or 21st century Europe. Diabetes Care 2001;24: 1377–1383.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Guidelines for diabetes. Geneva: WHO: 2000 Jun.
   Google Scholar
• Ferriman D, Gallwey JD. Clinical assessment of body hair growth in women. J Chin Endocrinol Metab 1961;21:1440–1447.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthews DR, Hosker JB, Rudenski AS, Naylor BA, Treacher DF, Turner RC. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia 1985;28:412–419.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rudenski AS, Matthews DR, Levy JC, Turner RC. Under-standing 'insulin resistance': both glucose resistance and insulin resistance are required to model human diabetes. Metabolism 1991;40:908–917.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthews JNS, Altman DG, Campbell MJ, Royston P. Analysis of serial measurements in medical research. Br Med J 1990;300:230–235.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrannini E, Mari A. How to measure insulin sensitivity. J Hypertens 1998;16:895–906.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rudenski AS, Hadden DR, Atkinson AB, Kennedy L, Matthews DR, Merrett JD, Pockaj B, Turner RC. Natural history of pancreatic islet B-cell function in type 2 diabetes mellitus studied over six years by homeostasis model assess-ment. Diabetic Medicine 1988;5:36–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunaif A, Graf M, Mandeli J, Laumas V, Dobrjansky A. Characterization of groups of hyperandrogenic women with acanthosis nigricans, impaired glucose tolerance, and/or hyperinsulinemia. J Chin Endocrinol Metab 1987;65:499–507.
   Google Scholar
• Polson DW, Adams J, Wadsworth J, Franks S. Polycystic ovaries - a common finding in normal women. Lancet 1988;1:870–872.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nestler JE. Sex hormone-binding globulin: a marker for hyperinsulinemia and/or insulin resistance? J Chin Endocrinol Metab 1993;76:273–274.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sattar N, Hopkinson ZE, Greer IA. Insulin-sensitising agents in polycystic-ovary syndrome. Lancet 1998;354:305–307.
   Google Scholar
• Morin-Papunen L, Rautio K, Ruokonen A, Hedberg P, Puukka M, Tapanainen JS. Metformin reduces serum C-reactive protein levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Chin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:4649–4654.
   Google Scholar
• Jayagopal V, Kilpatrick ES, Jennings PE, Hepburn DA, Atkin SL. The biological variation of testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) in polycystic ovarian syndrome: implications for SHBG as a surrogate marker of insulin resistance. J Chin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:1528–1533.
   Google Scholar
• Heald AH, Cruickshank JK, Riste LK, Cade JE, Anderson S, Greenhalgh A, Sampayo J, Taylor W, Fraser W, White A, et al. Close relationship of fasting insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) with glucose tolerance and cardiovascular risk in 2 populations. Diabetologia 2001;44: 333–339.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morris DV, Falcone T. The relationship between insulin sensitivity and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1. Gynecol Endocrinol 1996;10:407–412.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly CJ, Gordon D. The effect of metformin on hirsutism in polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 2002;147:217–221.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar