Insulin response to oral glucose in healthy, lean young women and patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

References

• Asunción M, Calvo R M, San Millán J L, Sancho J, Avila S, Escobar-Morreale H F. A prospective study of the prevalence of the polycystic ovary syndrome in unselected Caucasian women from Spain. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85: 2434–2438
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knochenhauer E S, Key T J, Kahsar-Miller M, Waggoner W, Boots L R, Azziz R. Prevalence of the polycystic ovary syndrome in unselected black and white women of the southeastern United States: a prospective study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998; 83: 3078–3082
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stein I F, Leventhal M L. Amenorrhea associated with bilateral polycystic ovaries. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1935; 29: 181–191
   Google Scholar
• Kousta E, Tolis G, Franks S. Polycystic ovary syndrome. Revised diagnostic criteria and long-term health consequences. Hormones (Athens) 2005; 4: 133–147
   Google Scholar
• Dunaif A. Insulin resistance and the polycystic ovary syndrome: mechanism and implications for pathogenesis. Endocr Rev 1997; 18: 774–800
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venkatesan A M, Dunaif A, Corbould A. Insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome: progress and paradoxes. Recent Prog Horm Res 2001; 56: 295–308
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goodarzi M O, Korenman S G. The importance of insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2003; 80: 255–258
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Fronzo R A, Tobin J D, Andres R. Glucose clamp technique: a method for quantifying insulin secretion and resistance. Am J Physiol 1979; 237: E214–E223
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gennarelli G, Rovei V, Novi R F, Holte J, Bongioanni F, Revelli A, Pacini G, Cavallo-Perin P, Massobrio M. Preserved insulin sensitivity and β-cell activity, but decreased glucose effectiveness in normal-weight women with the polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90: 3381–3386
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holte J, Bergh T, Berne C, Wide L, Lithell H. Restored insulin sensitivity but persistently increased early insulin secretion after weight loss in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995; 80: 2586–2593
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holte J, Bergh T, Berne C, Berglund L, Lithell H. Enhanced early insulin response to glucose in relation to insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and normal glucose tolerance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994; 78: 1052–1058
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arslanian S A, Lewy V D, Danadian K. Glucose intolerance in obese adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome: roles of insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction and risk of cardiovascular disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86: 66–71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ciampelli M, Fulghesu A M, Cucinelli F, Pavone V, Caruso A, Mancuso S, Lanzone A. Heterogeneity in β cell activity, hepatic insulin clearance and peripheral insulin sensitivity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod 1997; 12: 1897–1901
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodin D A, Bano G, Bland J M, Taylor K, Nussey S S. Polycystic ovaries and associated metabolic abnormalities in Indian subcontinent Asian women. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1998; 49: 91–99
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norman R J, Mahabeer S, Masters S. Ethnic differences in insulin and glucose response to glucose between white and Indian women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 1995; 63: 58–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ganie M A, ML Khurana, Eunice M, Gupta N, Diwedi S N, Gulati M S, Ammini A C. Prevalence of glucose intolerance among adolescent and young women with polycystic ovary syndrome in India. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2004; 6: 9–13
   Google Scholar
• Ganie M A, Khurana M L, Eunice M, Gupta N, Gulati M, Dwivedi S N, Ammini A C. Comparison of efficacy of spironolactone with metformin in the management of polycystic ovary syndrome: an open-labeled study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 89: 2756–2762, Erratum in: J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:4655
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snehalatha C, Ramachandran A, Vijay V, Viswanathan M. Differences in plasma insulin responses in urban and rural Indians. Diabet Med 1994; 11: 445–448
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohan V, Sharp P S, Cloke H R, Burrin J M, Schumer B, Kohner E M. Serum immunoreactive insulin response to a glucose load in Asian Indian and European type 2 diabetic patients and control subjects. Diabetologia 1986; 29: 235–237
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Douglas C C, Norris L E, Oster R A, Darnell B E, Azziz R, Gower B A. Difference in dietary intake between women with polycystic ovary syndrome and healthy controls. Fertil Steril 2006; 86: 411–417
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kauffman R P, Baker V M, Dimarino P, Gimpel T, Castracane V D. Polycystic ovarian syndrome and insulin resistance in white and Mexican American women: a comparison of two distinct populations. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002; 187: 1362–1369
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carmina E, Lobo R A. Use of fasting blood to assess the prevalence of insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2004; 82: 661–665
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramachandran A. Diabetes & obesity – the Indian angle. Indian J Med Res 2004; 120: 437–439
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anjana M, Sandeep S, Deepa R, Vimaleswaran K S, Farooq S, Mohan V. Visceral and central abdominal fat and anthropometry in relation to diabetes in Asian Indians. Diabetes Care 2004; 27: 2948–2953
   Google Scholar
• Vikram N K, Pandey R M, Misra A, Sharma R, Devi J R, Khanna N. Non-obese (body mass index <25 kg/m2) Asian Indians with normal waist circumference have high cardiovascular risk. Nutrition 2003; 19: 503–509
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reddy K S, Yusuf S. Emerging epidemic of cardiovascular disease in developing countries. Circulation 1998; 97: 596–601
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King H, Aubert R E, Herman W H. Global burden of diabetes, 1995–2025: prevalence, numerical estimates, and projections. Diabetes Care 1998; 21: 1414–1431
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snehalatha C, Viswanathan V, Ramachandran A. Cutoff values for normal anthropometric variables in Asian Indian adults. Diabetes Care 2003; 26: 1380–1384
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Misra A, Vikram N K. Insulin resistance syndrome (metabolic syndrome) and Asian Indians. Curr Sci 2002; 83(12)
   Google Scholar
• Mohan V, Sandeep S, Deepa R, Shah B, Varghese C. Epidemiology of type 2 diabetes: Indian scenario. Indian J Med Res 2007; 125: 217–230
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Philip J. Profile of recently diagnosed type 2 diabetics attending a tertiary care hospital in north India. Thesis. All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 2006
   Google Scholar
• Ehrmann D A, Barnes R B, Rosenfield R L, Cavaghan M K, Imperial J. Prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Diabetes Care 1999; 22: 141–146
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dahlgren E, Johansson S, Lindstedt G, Knutsson F, Odén A, Janson P O, Mattson L A, Crona N, Lundberg P A. Women with polycystic ovary syndrome wedge resected in 1956 to 1965: a long-term follow-up focusing on natural history and circulating hormones. Fertil Steril 1992; 57: 505–513
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yildiz B O, Yarali H, Oguz H, Bayraktar M. Glucose intolerance, insulin resistance and hyperandrogenemia in first degree relatives of women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 88: 2031–2036
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colilla S, Cox N J, Ehrmann D A. Heritability of insulin secretion and insulin action in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and their first-degree relatives. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86: 2027–2031
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Legro R S, Bentley- Lewis R, Driscoll D, Wang S C, Dunaif A. insulin resistance in sisters of women with polycystic ovary syndrome: association with hyperandrogenemia rather than menstrual irregularity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002; 87: 2128–2133
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodarzi M O, Erickson S, Port S C, Jennrich R I, Korenman S G. β-Cell function: a key pathological determinant in polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90: 310–315
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maliqueo M, Atwater I, Lahsen R, Pérez-Bravo F, Angel B, Sir-Petermann T. Proinsulin serum concentrations in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a marker of β-cell dysfunction. Hum Reprod 2003; 18: 2683–2688
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dunaif A, Finegood D T. β-Cell dysfunction independent of obesity and glucose intolerance in the polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996; 81: 942–947
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ehrmann D A, Sturis J, Byrne M M, Karrison T, Rosenfield R L, Polonsky K S. Insulin secretory defects in polycystic ovary syndrome. Relationship to insulin sensitivity and family history of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Clin Invest 1995; 96: 520–527
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Legro R S, Kunselman A R, Dodson W C, Dunaif A. Prevalence and predictors of risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in polycystic ovary syndrome: a prospective, controlled study in 254 affected women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84: 165–169
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corbould A, Dunaif A. The adipose cell lineage is not intrinsically insulin resistant in polycystic ovary syndrome. Metabolism 2007; 56: 716–722
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergman R N. Toward physiologic understanding of glucose tolerance. Minimal model approach. Diabetes 1989; 38: 1512–1527
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porte D, Jr. β Cells in type II diabetes. Diabetes 1991; 40: 166–180
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bock G, Man D G, Campioni M, Chittiilapilly E, Basu R, Toffolo G, Cobelli C, Rizza R. Pathogenesis of pre-diabetes. Mechanisms of fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia in people with impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance. Diabetes 2006; 55: 3536–3549
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunaif A, Segal K R, Futterweit W, Dobrjansky A. Profound peripheral insulin resistance, independent of obesity, in polycystic ovary syndrome. Diabetes 1989; 38: 1165–1174
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eliasson B, Björnsson E, Urbanavicius V, Andersson H, Fowelin J, Attvall S, Abrahamsson H, Smith U. Hyperinsulinaemia impairs gastrointestinal motility and slows carbohydrate absorption. Diabetologia 1995; 38: 79–85
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar