115
Views
30
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
PCOS

Hyperandrogenemia influences the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome abnormalities in adolescents with the polycystic ovary syndrome

, , , &
Pages 335-343 | Received 23 Oct 2008, Accepted 13 Nov 2008, Published online: 21 Jul 2009

References

  • Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Kouli C R, Bergiele A T, Filandra F A, Tsianateli T C, Spina G G, Zapanti E D, Bartzis M I. A survey of the polycystic ovary syndrome in the Greek island of Lesbos: hormonal and metabolic profile. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84: 4006–4011
  • Azziz R, Woods K S, Reyna R, Key T J, Knochenhauer E S, Yildiz B O. The prevalence and features of the polycystic ovary syndrome in an unselected population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 89: 2745–2749
  • Dunaif A, Segal K R, Futterweit W, Dobrjansky A. Profound peripheral insulin resistance, independent of obesity, in polycystic ovary syndrome. Diabetes 1989; 38: 1165–1174
  • Dunaif A. Insulin resistance and the polycystic ovary syndrome: mechanisms and implication for pathogenesis. Endocr Rev 1997; 18: 774–800
  • Wild R A, Painter P C, Coulson P B, Carruth K B, Ranney G B. Lipoprotein lipid concentrations and cardiovascular risk in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1985; 61: 946–951
  • Legro R S, Kunselman A R, Dunaif A. Prevalence and predictors of dyslipidemia in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Am J Med 2001; 111: 607–613
  • Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Papavassiliou A G, Kandarakis S A, Chrousos G P. Pathophysiology and types of dyslipidemia in PCOS. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2007; 18: 280–285
  • Berneis K, Rizzo M, Fruzzetti F, Lazzarini V, Carmina E. Atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype and low density lipoproteins size and subclasses in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92: 186–189
  • Shaw L J, Bairey C N, Azziz R, Stanczyk F Z, Sopko G, Braunstein G D, Kelsey S F, Kip K E, Cooper-Dehoff R M, Johnson B D, et al. Postmenopausal women with a history of irregular menses and elevated androgen measurements at high risk for worsening cardiovascular event-free survival: results from the national institutes of health-national heart, lung, and blood institute sponsored women's ischemia syndrome. Evaluation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008; 93: 1276–1284
  • Solomon C G, Hu F B, Dunaif A, Rich-Edwards J, Willett W C, Hunter D J, Colditz G A, Speizer F E, Manson J E. Long or highly irregular menstrual cycles as a marker for risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. JAMA 2001; 286: 2421–2426
  • Glueck C J, Morrison J A, Friedman L A, Goldenberg N, Stroop D M, Wang P. Obesity, free testosterone, and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome and regularly cycling adolescents. Metabolism 2006; 55: 508–514
  • Demirel F, Bideci A, Cinaz P, Camurdan M O, Biberoğlu G, Yesilkaya E, Hasanoglu A. Serum leptin, oxidized low density lipoprotein and plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine levels and their relationship with dyslipidaemia in adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2007; 67: 129–134
  • Vryonidou A, Papatheodorou A, Tavridou A, Terzi T, Loi V, Vatalas I A, Batakis N, Phenekos C, Dionyssiou-Asteriou A. Association of hyperandrogenemic and metabolic phenotype with carotid intima-media thickness in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90: 2740–2746
  • Fruzzetti F, Perini D, Lazzarini V, Parrini D, Genazzani A R. Adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome showing different phenotypes have a different metabolic profile associated with increasing androgen levels. Fertil Steril Aug 13, 2008
  • Dunaif A. Insulin resistance and the polycystic ovary syndrome: mechanism and implications for pathogenesis. Endocr Rev 2007; 18: 774–800
  • Grundy S M. Hypertriglyceridemia, insulin resistance, and the metabolic syndrome. Am J Cardiol 1999; 83: 25–29
  • Haffner S M, Valdez R A, Hazuda H P, Mitchell B D, Morales P A, Stern M P. Prospective analysis of the insulin-resistance syndrome (syndrome X). Diabetes 1992; 41: 715–722
  • Isomaa B, Almgren P, Tuomi T, Forsen B, Lahti K, Nissen M, Taskinen M R, Groop L. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Care 2001; 24: 683–689
  • Trevisan M, Liu J, Bahsas F B, Menotti A. Syndrome X and mortality: a population-based study. Risk factor and life expectancy research group. Am J Epidemiol 1998; 48: 958–966
  • Haffner S M, D'Agostino R, Jr, Festa A, Bergman R N, Karter A, Saad M F, Wagenknecht L E. Low insulin sensitivity in diabetic and nondiabetic subjects in the insulin resistance atherosclerosis study: is it associated with components of the metabolic syndrome and nontraditional risk factors. Diabetes Care 2003; 26: 2796–2803
  • Apridonidze T, Essah P A, Iuorno M J, Nestler J E. Prevalence and characteristics of the metabolic syndrome in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90: 1929–1935
  • Glueck C J, Papanna R, Wang P, Goldenberg N, Sieve-Smith L. Incidence and treatment of metabolic syndrome in newly referred women with confirmed polycystic ovarian syndrome. Metabolism 2003; 52: 908–915
  • Dokras A, Bochner M, Hollinrake E, Markham S, Vanvoorhis B, Jagasia D H. Screening women with polycystic syndrome for metabolic syndrome. Obstet Gynecol 2005; 106: 131–137
  • Essah P A, Nestler J E. The metabolic syndrome in polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Invest 2006; 29: 270–280
  • Coviello A D, Legro R S, Dunaif A. Adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome have an increased risk of the metabolic syndrome associated with increasing androgen levels independent of obesity and insulin resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006; 91: 492–497
  • Zawadski J K, Dunaif A. Diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome; towards a rational approach. Polycystic ovary syndrome, A Dunaif, J R Givens, F Haseltine. Blackwell Scientific, Boston 1992; 377–384
  • The Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM-sponsored PCOS consensus Workshop group. Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Sterl 2004; 81: 19–25
  • Cacciari E, Milani S, Balsamo A, Spada E, Bona G, Cavallo L, Cerutti F, Gargantini L, Greggio N, Tonini G, et al. Italian cross-sectional growth charts for height, weight and BMI (2 to 20 yr). J Endocrinol Invest 2006; 29: 581–593
  • Fernández J R, Redden D T, Pietrobelli A, Allison D B. Waist circumference percentiles in nationally representative samples of African-American, European-American, and Mexican-American children and adolescents. J Pediatr 2004; 145: 439–444
  • Matthews D R, Hosker J P, Rudenski A S, Naylor B A, Treacher D F, Turner R C. Homeostasis model assessment: insuline resistance and β-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia 1985; 28: 412–419
  • Friedewald W T, Levy R I, Fredrickson D S. Estimation of the concentrations of low density lipoprotein cholesterol without use of preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem 1972; 18: 499–502
  • de Ferranti S D, Gauvreau K, Ludwig D S, Neufeld E J, Newburger J W, Rifai N. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in American adolescents: findings from the third national health and nutrition examination survey. Circulation 2004; 110: 2494–2497
  • National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents. The fourth report on the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. Pediatrics 2004; 114: 555–576
  • Apter D, Vihko R. Premenarcheal endocrine changes in relation to age at menarche. Clin Endocrinol, 22: 753–760
  • Venturoli S, Porcu E, Fabbri R, Magrini O, Paradisi R, Pallotti G, Gammi L, Flamigni C. Postmenarchal evolution of endocrine pattern and ovarian aspects in adolescents with menstrual irregularities. Fertil Steril 1987; 48: 78–85
  • Pasquali R, Gambineri A. Polycystic ovary syndrome: a multifaceted disease from adolescence to adult age. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 1092: 158–174, Review
  • Jeffrey Chang R, Coffler M S. Polycystic ovary syndrome: early detection in the adolescent. Clin Obstet Gynecol 2007; 50: 178–187
  • Rosenfield R L. Clinical review: identifying children at risk for polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92: 787–796
  • Cook S, Weitzman M, Auinger P, Nguyen M, Dietz W H. Prevalence of a metabolic syndrome phenotype in adolescents: findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2003; 157: 821–827
  • Weiss R, Dziura J, Burgert T S, Tamborlane W V, Taksali S E, Yeckel C W, Allen K, Lopes M, Savoye M, Morrison J, et al. Obesity and the metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. N Engl J Med 2004; 350: 2362–2374
  • Cruz M L, Weigensberg M J, Huang T T, Ball G, Shaibi G Q, Goran M I. The metabolic syndrome in overweight Hispanic youth and the role of insulin sensitivity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 89: 108–113
  • Frontini M G, Srinivasan S R, Berenson G S. Longitudinal changes in risk variables underlying metabolic syndrome X from childhood to young adulthood in female subjects with a history of early menarche: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2003; 27: 1398–1404
  • Goodman E, Daniels S R, Morrison J A, Huang B, Dolan L M. Contrasting prevalence of and demographic disparities in the World Health Organization and National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III definitions of metabolic syndrome among adolescents. J Pediatr 2004; 145: 445–451
  • Carmina E, Napoli N, Longo R A, Rini G B, Lobo R. Metabolic syndrome in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): lower prevalence in southern Italy than in the USA and the influence of criteria for the diagnosis of PCOS. Eur J Endocrinol 2006; 154: 141–145
  • Vural B, Caliskan E, Turkoz E, Kilic T, Demirci A. Evaluation of metabolic syndrome frequency and premature carotid atherosclerosis in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod 2005; 20: 2409–2413
  • Carmina E, Chu M C, Longo A, Rini G B, Lobo R. Phenotypic variations in hyperandrogenic women influences the findings of abnormal metabolic and cardiovascular risk parameters. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90: 2545–2549
  • Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Papavassiliou A G, Kandarakis S A, Chrousos G P. Pathophysiology and types of dyslipidemia in PCOS. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2007; 18: 280–285
  • Holte J, Gennarelli G, Berne C, Bergh T, Lithell H. Elevated ambulatoryday-time blood pressure in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a sign of a pre-hypertensive state. Hum Reprod 2003; 11: 23–28
  • Mei-Jou C, Wei-Shiung Y, Jehn-Hsiahn Y, Chi-Ling, Hong-Nerng H, Yu-Shih Y. Relationship between androgen levels and blood pressure in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Hypertension 2007; 49: 1442–1447

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.