Clinical management of common presentations of patients diagnosed with BPD during the COVID-19 pandemic: the contribution of the MBT framework

References

• Allen, J. G., Fonagy, P., & Bateman, A. W. (2008). Mentalizing in clinical practice.Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Álvaro, F., Navarro, S., Palma, C., Farriols, N., Aliaga, F., Solves, L., … Riera, A. (2020). Clinical course and predictors in patients with borderline personality disorder during the COVID-19 outbreak: A 2.5-month naturalistic exploratory study in Spain. Psychiatry Research, 292, 113306.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• APA. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5®). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
   Google Scholar
• Bateman, A., & Fonagy, P. (2008). 8-year follow-up of patients treated for borderline personality disorder: Mentalization-based treatment versus treatment as usual. American Journal of Psychiatry, 165(5), 631–638.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bateman, A., & Fonagy, P. (2013). Mentalization-based treatment. Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 33(6), 595–613.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bateman, A., & Fonagy, P. (2019). Mentalization-based treatment for borderline and antisocial personality disorder. In David Kealy, John S. Ogrodniczuk (Eds.), Contemporary psychodynamic psychotherapy (pp. 133–148). Cambridge, MA: Elsevier.
   Google Scholar
• Bateman, A. W., & Fonagy, P. E. (2012). Handbook of mentalizing in mental health practice. Inc: American Psychiatric Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Berthelot, N., Ensink, K., Bernazzani, O., Normandin, L., Luyten, P., & Fonagy, P. (2015). Intergenerational transmission of attachment in abused and neglected mothers: The role of trauma‐specific reflective functioning. Infant Mental Health Journal, 36(2), 200–212.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Black, D. W., Blum, N., Pfohl, B., & Hale, N. (2004). Suicidal behavior in borderline personality disorder: Prevalence, risk factors, prediction, and prevention. Journal of Personality Disorders, 18(3), 226–239.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi-Kain, L. W., Zanarini, M. C., Frankenburg, F. R., Fitzmaurice, G. M., & Reich, D. B. (2010). A longitudinal study of the 10-year course of interpersonal features in borderline personality disorder. Journal of Personality Disorders, 24(3), 365–376.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Critchfield, K. L., Levy, K. N., Clarkin, J. F., & Kernberg, O. F. (2008). The relational context of aggression in borderline personality disorder: Using adult attachment style to predict forms of hostility. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 64(1), 67–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Csibra, G., & Gergely, G. (2011). Natural pedagogy as evolutionary adaptation. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 366(1567), 1149–1157.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Panfilis, C., Marchesi, C., Cabrino, C., Monici, A., Politi, V., Rossi, M., & Maggini, C. (2012). Patient factors predicting early dropout from psychiatric outpatient care for borderline personality disorder. Psychiatry Research, 200(2–3), 422–429.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Debbane, M., & Nolte, T. (2019). Mentalization-based therapy in the light of contemporary neuroscientific research. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Association Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Dell'Osso, L., Carmassi, C., Massimetti, G., Daneluzzo, E., Di Tommaso, S., & Rossi, A. (2011). Full and partial PTSD among young adult survivors 10 months after the L'Aquila 2009 earthquake: Gender differences. Journal of affective disorders, 131(1-3), 79-83.
   Google Scholar
• Di Giuseppe, M., Gemignani, A., & Conversano, C. (2020). Psychological resources against the traumatic experience of COVID-19. Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 17, 2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duan, L., & Zhu, G. (2020). Psychological interventions for people affected by the COVID-19 epidemic. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(4), 300–302.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ensink, K., Bégin, M., Normandin, L., Godbout, N., & Fonagy, P. (2017). Mentalization and dissociation in the context of trauma: Implications for child psychopathology. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 18(1), 11–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eubanks-Carter, C., Muran, J. C., & Safran, J. D. (2010). Alliance ruptures and resolution. In J. C. Muran & J. P. Barber (Eds.), The therapeutic alliance: An evidence-based guide to practice (p. 74–94). The Guilford Press, New York, NY.
   Google Scholar
• Euler, S., Nolte, T., Constantinou, M., Griem, J., Montague, P. R., Fonagy, P., … Network, M. D. R. (2019). Interpersonal Problems in Borderline Personality Disorder: Associations with Mentalizing, Emotion Regulation, and Impulsiveness. J Pers Disord (2019) 28:1–17. doi:https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi_2019_33_427
   Google Scholar
• Fisher, S., Guralnik, T., Fonagy, P., & Zilcha-Mano, S. (2020). Let’s face it: Video conferencing psychotherapy requires the extensive use of ostensive cues. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 1–17. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/09515070.2020.1777535
   Google Scholar
• Fonagy, P., & Allison, E. (2014). The role of mentalizing and epistemic trust in the therapeutic relationship. Psychotherapy, 51(3), 372.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fonagy, P., & Bateman, A. W. (2016). Adversity, attachment, and mentalizing. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 64, 59–66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fonagy, P., Campbell, C., & Bateman, A. (2017). Mentalizing, attachment, and epistemic trust in group therapy. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 67(2), 176–201.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fonagy, P., Gergely, G., Jurist, E., & Target, M. (2002). Affect regulation, mentalization, and the development of the self other press. USA: Other Press. ciudad de Medellín. Estudio comparativo.
   Google Scholar
• Fonagy, P., & Luyten, P. (2009). A developmental, mentalization-based approach to the understanding and treatment of borderline personality disorder. Development and Psychopathology, 21(4), 1355–1381.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fonagy, P., Luyten, P., & Allison, E. (2015). Epistemic petrification and the restoration of epistemic trust: A new conceptualization of borderline personality disorder and its psychosocial treatment. Journal of Personality Disorders, 29(5), 575–609.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fonagy, P., Luyten, P., Allison, E., & Campbell, C. (2017). What we have changed our minds about: Part 2. Borderline personality disorder, epistemic trust and the developmental significance of social communication. Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation, 4(1), 9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant, B. F., Chou, S. P., Goldstein, R. B., Huang, B., Stinson, F. S., Saha, T. D., … Pickering, R. P. (2008). Prevalence, correlates, disability, and comorbidity of DSM-IV borderline personality disorder: Results from the wave 2 national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 69(4), 533.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grootens, K. P., van Luijtelaar, G., Buitelaar, J. K., van der Laan, A., Hummelen, J. W., & Verkes, R. J. (2008). Inhibition errors in borderline personality disorder with psychotic-like symptoms. Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 32(1), 267–273.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunderson, J. G., & Lyons-Ruth, K. (2008). BPD’s interpersonal hypersensitivity phenotype: A gene-environment-developmental model. Journal of Personality Disorders, 22(1), 22–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunnell, D., Appleby, L., Arensman, E., Hawton, K., John, A., Kapur, N., … Caine, E. D. (2020). Suicide risk and prevention during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(6), 468–471.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill, J., Pilkonis, P., Morse, J., Feske, U., Reynolds, S., Hope, H., … Broyden, N. (2008). Social domain dysfunction and disorganization in borderline personality disorder. Psychological Medicine, 38(1), 135–146.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holm, A. L., & Severinsson, E. (2008). The emotional pain and distress of borderline personality disorder: A review of the literature. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 17(1), 27–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inchausti, F., Macbeth, A., Hasson-Ohayon, I., & Dimaggio, G. (2020). Psychological intervention and COVID-19: What we know so far and what we can do. doi:https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/8svfa
   Google Scholar
• Lassri, D., Luyten, P., Fonagy, P., & Shahar, G. (2018). Undetected scars? Self-criticism, attachment, and romantic relationships among otherwise well-functioning childhood sexual abuse survivors. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 10(1), 121.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lau, J. T., Yang, X., Pang, E., Tsui, H., Wong, E., & Wing, Y. K. (2005). SARS-related perceptions in Hong Kong. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 11(3), 417.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, A. M., Wong, J. G., McAlonan, G. M., Cheung, V., Cheung, C., Sham, P. C., … Chua, S. E. (2007). Stress and psychological distress among SARS survivors 1 year after the outbreak. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 52(4), 233–240.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lemma, A. (2017). The digital age on the couch: Psychoanalytic practice and new media. New York, NY: Taylor & Francis.
   Google Scholar
• Levy, K. N., Edell, W. S., & McGlashan, T. H. (2007). Depressive experiences in inpatients with borderline personality disorder. Psychiatric Quarterly, 78(2), 129–143.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levy, K. N., Meehan, K. B., Clouthier, T. L., Yeomans, F. E., Lenzenweger, M. F., Clarkin, J. F., & Kernberg, O. F. (2017). Transference-focused psychotherapy for adult borderline personality disorder. In D. B. Fishman, S. B. Messer, D. J. A. Edwards, & F. M. Dattilio (Eds.), Case studies within psychotherapy trials: Integrating qualitative and quantitative methods (p. 190–245). Oxford University Press, New York, NY.
   Google Scholar
• Liebke, L., Bungert, M., Thome, J., Hauschild, S., Gescher, D. M., Schmahl, C., … Lis, S. (2017). Loneliness, social networks, and social functioning in borderline personality disorder. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 8(4), 349.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, S., Yang, L., Zhang, C., Xiang, Y.-T., Liu, Z., Hu, S., & Zhang, B. (2020). Online mental health services in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(4), e17–e18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, X., Kakade, M., Fuller, C. J., Fan, B., Fang, Y., Kong, J., … Wu, P. (2012). Depression after exposure to stressful events: Lessons learned from the severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemic. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 53(1), 15–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martino, G., Catalano, A., Bellone, F., Russo, G. T., Vicario, C. M., Lasco, A., … Morabito, N. (2019). As time goes by: Anxiety negatively affects the perceived quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes of long duration. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1779.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maunder, R. G., Lancee, W. J., Balderson, K. E., Bennett, J. P., Borgundvaag, B., Evans, S., … Hunter, J. J. (2006). Long-term psychological and occupational effects of providing hospital healthcare during SARS outbreak. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 12(12), 1924.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCrory, E. J., & Viding, E. (2015). The theory of latent vulnerability: Reconceptualizing the link between childhood maltreatment and psychiatric disorder. Development and Psychopathology, 27(2), 493–505.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mortensen, J. A., Evensmoen, H. R., Klensmeden, G., & Håberg, A. K. (2016). Outcome uncertainty and brain activity aberrance in the insula and anterior cingulate cortex are associated with dysfunctional impulsivity in borderline personality disorder. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 10, 207.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nolte, T., Bolling, D. Z., Hudac, C., Fonagy, P., Mayes, L. C., & Pelphrey, K. A. (2013). Brain mechanisms underlying the impact of attachment-related stress on social cognition. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7, 816.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pakpour, A., & Griffiths, M. (2020). The fear of COVID-19 and its role in preventive behaviors. Journal of Concurrent Disorders, 2(1), 58–63.
   Google Scholar
• Philipsen, A., Richter, H., Schmahl, C., Peters, J., Rüsch, N., Bohus, M., & Lieb, K. (2004). Clonidine in acute aversive inner tension and self-injurious behavior in female patients with borderline personality disorder. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 65(10), 1414–1419.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polizzi, C., Lynn, S. J., & Perry, A. (2020). Stress and coping in the time of COVID-19: Pathways to resilience and recovery. Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 17, 2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qiu, J., Shen, B., Zhao, M., Wang, Z., Xie, B., & Xu, Y. (2020). A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: Implications and policy recommendations. General Psychiatry, 33(2), 2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reisch, T., Ebner‐Priemer, U., Tschacher, W., Bohus, M., & Linehan, M. (2008). Sequences of emotions in patients with borderline personality disorder. Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica, 118(1), 42–48.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rüsch, N., Lieb, K., Göttler, I., Hermann, C., Schramm, E., Richter, H., … Bohus, M. (2007). Shame and implicit self-concept in women with borderline personality disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 164(3), 500–508.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shai, D., Dollberg, D., & Szepsenwol, O. (2017). The importance of parental verbal and embodied mentalizing in shaping parental experiences of stress and coparenting. Infant Behavior & Development, 49, 87–96.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharp, C., Shohet, C., Givon, D., Penner, F., Marais, L., & Fonagy, P. (2020). Learning to mentalize: A mediational approach for caregivers and therapists. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, e12334. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/cpsp.12334
   Google Scholar
• Skodol, A. E., Gunderson, J. G., Shea, M. T., McGlashan, T. H., Morey, L. C., Sanislow, C. A., … Yen, S. (2005). The collaborative longitudinal personality disorders study (CLPS): Overview and implications. Journal of Personality Disorders, 19(5), 487–504.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sperber, D., Clément, F., Heintz, C., Mascaro, O., Mercier, H., Origgi, G., & Wilson, D. (2010). Epistemic vigilance. Mind & Language, 25(4), 359–393.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C. S., & Ho, R. C. (2020). Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(5), 1729.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, P., Fang, Y., Guan, Z., Fan, B., Kong, J., Yao, Z., … Lu, J. (2009). The psychological impact of the SARS epidemic on hospital employees in China: Exposure, risk perception, and altruistic acceptance of risk. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 54(5), 302–311.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zanarini, M. C. (2012). Diagnostic specificity and long-term prospective course of borderline personality disorder. Psychiatric Annals, 42(2), 53–58.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zanarini, M. C., & Frankenburg, F. R. (2007). The essential nature of borderline psychopathology. Journal of Personality Disorders, 21(5), 518–535.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zanarini, M. C., Frankenburg, F. R., Reich, D. B., & Fitzmaurice, G. (2012). Attainment and stability of sustained symptomatic remission and recovery among patients with borderline personality disorder and axis II comparison subjects: A 16-year prospective follow-up study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 169(5), 476–483.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, J., Wu, W., Zhao, X., & Zhang, W. (2020). Recommended psychological crisis intervention response to the 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia outbreak in China: A model of West China Hospital. Precision Clinical Medicine, 3(1), 3–8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar