2,074
Views
40
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Preserving respectability or blatant disrespect? A critical discourse analysis of the Morehouse Appropriate Attire Policy and implications for intersectional approaches to examining campus policies

Pages 724-746 | Received 10 Jan 2013, Accepted 10 Jan 2014, Published online: 13 May 2014

References

  • Allen, W. R., Jewell, J. O., Griffin, K. A., & Wolf, D. (2007). Historically Black colleges and universities: Honoring the past, engaging the present, touching the future. The Journal of Negro Education, 76, 263–284.
  • Ayers, D. F. (2005). Neoliberal ideology in community college mission statements: A critical discourse analysis. The Review of Higher Education, 28, 527–549.10.1353/rhe.2005.0033
  • Bartlett, T. (2009, November 8). Black colleges react to low point in fashion. The Chronicle of Higher Education. Retrieved from http://chronicle.com/article/Black-Colleges-React-to-Low/49071/
  • Battle, J., & Bennett, M. (2000). Research on lesbian and gay populations within the African American community: What have we learned? African American Research Perspectives, 6, 35–47.
  • Berg, G. A., Csikszentmihalyi, M., & Nakamura, J. (2003). Mission possible?: Enabling good work in higher education. Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning, 35, 40–47.10.1080/00091380309604118
  • Brandt, E. (Ed.). (1999). Dangerous liaisons: Blacks, gays, and the struggle for equity. New York, NY: New Press.
  • Bush, L. V. (1999). Am I a man? A literature review engaging the sociohistorical dynamics of Black man-hood in the United States. Western Journal of Black Studies, 23, 49–57.
  • Cole, J. B., & Guy-Sheftall, B. (2003). Gender talk: The struggle for women’s equality in African American communities. New York, NY: Ballantine.
  • Collins, P. H. (1990). Black feminist thought: Knowledge, consciousness, and the politics of empowerment. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Collins, P. H. (2004). From black power to hip hop: Racism, nationalism, and feminism. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
  • Cooper, F. R. (2006). Against bipolar black masculinity: Intersectionality, assimilation, identity performance, and hierarchy. U.C. Davis Law Review, 39, 853–906.
  • Crenshaw, K. (1989). Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: A black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory, and antiracist politics. University of Chicago Legal Forum, 139, 139–167.
  • Crenshaw, K. (1991). Mapping the margins: Intersectionality, identity politics, and violence against women of color. Stanford Law Review, 43, 1241–1299.10.2307/1229039
  • Dill, B. T., McLaughlin, A. E., & Nieves, A. D. (2007). Future directions of feminist research: Intersectionality. In S. N. Hesse-Biber (Ed.), Handbook of feminist research: Theory and praxis (1st ed., pp. 629–637). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • DuBois, W. E. B. (1903). The souls of Black folk. Chicago, IL: A. C. McClurg.
  • Fullilove, M. T., & Fullilove III, R. E. (1999). Stigma as an obstacle to AIDS action: The case of the African American community. American Behavioral Scientist, 42, 1117–1129.10.1177/00027649921954796
  • Gross, K. N. (1997). Examining the politics of respectability in African American studies. Benchmarks Almanac, 43. Retrieved from http://www.upenn.edu/almanac/v43/n28/benchmark.html
  • Harper, H. (2009). What you see is what you get. In M. N. Danquah (Ed.), The black body (pp. 191–197). New York, NY: Seven Stories Press.
  • Harper, S. R., & Gasman, M. (2008). Consequences of conservatism: Black male undergraduates and the politics of historically black colleges and universities. The Journal of Negro Education, 77, 336–351.
  • Harper, S. R., Wardell, C. C., & McGuire, K. M. (2011). Man of multiple identities: Complex individuality and identity intersectionality among college men. In J. A. Laker & T. Davis (Eds.), Masculinities in higher education: Theoretical and practical considerations (pp. 81–96). New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Harris, P. J. (2003). Gatekeeping and remaking: The politics of respectability in African American women’s history and black feminism. Journal of Women’s History, 15, 212–220.10.1353/jowh.2003.0025
  • Herek, G. M., & Capitanio, J. P. (1995). Black heterosexuals’ attitudes toward lesbians and gay men in the United States. Journal of Sex Research, 32, 95–105.10.1080/00224499509551780
  • Higginbotham, E. B. (1993). Righteous discontent: The women’s movement in the black Baptist church, 1880–1920. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • hooks, b. (1989). Talking back: Thinking feminist, thinking black. Cambridge, MA: South End Press.
  • Huckin, T. N. (1997). Critical discourse analysis. In T. Miller (Ed.), Functional approaches to written text (pp. 78–92). Washington, DC: United States Information Agency. Retrieved from http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED417422.pdf
  • Hunter, A., & Davis, J. E. (1994). Hidden voices of Black men: The meaning, structure, and complexity of manhood. Journal of Black Studies, 25, 20–40.10.1177/002193479402500102
  • Iverson, S. V. (2007). Camouflaging power and privilege: A critical race analysis of university diversity policies. Educational Administration Quarterly, 43, 586–611.10.1177/0013161X07307794
  • Jackson, R. L. (2006). Scripting the black masculine body: Identity, discourse and racial politics. New York, NY: SUNY Press.
  • Jones, E. A. (1957). Morehouse College in business ninety years – Building men. The Phylon Quarterly, 18, 231–245.10.2307/272974
  • Kennamer, J. D., Honnold, J., Bradford, J., & Hendricks, M. (2000). Differences in disclosure of sexuality among African American and White gay/bisexual men: Implications for HIV/AIDS prevention. AIDS Education and Prevention, 12, 519–531.
  • Kim, M. M., & Conrad, C. F. (2006). The impact of historically Black colleges and universities on the academic success of African-American students. Research in Higher Education, 47, 399–427.10.1007/s11162-005-9001-4
  • Kimmel, M. S. (2000). Masculinity as homophobia: Fear, shame, and silence in the construction of gender identity. In M. Adams, W. J. Blumenfeld, R. Castaneda, & H. Hackman (Eds.), Readings for diversity and social justice (1st ed., pp. 213–219). New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Levant, R., & Majors, R. (1997). An investigation into variations in the construction of the male gender role among young African American and European American women and men. Journal of Gender, Culture and Health, 2, 33–43.
  • Lewis, G. B. (2003). Black-White differences in attitudes toward homosexuality and gay rights. Public Opinion Quarterly, 67, 59–78.10.1086/346009
  • Majors, R., & Billson, J. (1992). Cool pose: The dilemmas of Black manhood in America. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.
  • Master, S. (2013, October 3). Fayetteville State University becomes third historically black college to open LGBT resource center. Human Rights Campaign Blog. Retrieved from http://www.hrc.org/blog/entry/fayetteville-state-university-becomes-third-historically-black-college-to-o
  • McBride, D. A. (1998). Can the queen speak? Racial essentialism, sexuality and the problem of authority. Callaloo, 21, 363–379.10.1353/cal.1998.0112
  • McBride, D. A. (2005). Straight black studies: On African American studies, James Baldwin, and black queer studies. In E. P. P. Johnson & M. G. Henderson (Eds.), Black queer studies (pp. 68–89). Durham, NC: Duke University Press.10.1215/9780822387220
  • McGregor, S. L. T. (2003). Critical discourse analysis: A primer. Kappa Omicron Nu FORUM, 15(1). Retrieved from http://www.kon.org/archives/forum/15-1/mcgregorcda.html/
  • Messner, M. A. (2000). Politics of masculinities: Men in movements. Lanham, MD: Altamira Press.
  • Morales, E. S., & Fullilove, M. T. (1992). “Many are called …”: Participation by minority leaders in an AIDS intervention in San Francisco. Ethnicity and Disease, 2, 389–401.
  • Mungin, L. (2009). All-male college cracks down on cross-dressing. Retrieved from http://www.cnn.com/2009/US/10/17/college.dress.code/
  • Nealy, M. (2009). Pride and peril: Historically black colleges and universities. Diverse Issues in Higher Education, 26, 18–19.
  • Negy, C., & Eisenman, R. (2005). A comparison of African American and White college students’ affective and attitudinal reactions to lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals: An exploratory study. Journal of Sex Research, 42, 291–298.10.1080/00224490509552284
  • O’Neil, J. M., Helms, B. J., Gable, R. K., David, L., & Wrightsman, L. S. (2010). Gender-role conflict scale: College men’s fear of femininity. In S. R. Harper & F. Harris III (Eds.), College men and masculinities: Theory, research and implications for practice (pp. 32–48). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
  • Patton, L. D. (2011). Perspectives on identity, disclosure, and the campus environment among African American gay and bisexual men at one historically black college. Journal of College Student Development, 52, 77–100.10.1353/csd.2011.0001
  • Podair, J. E. (2009). Bayard Rustin: American dreamer. Blue Ridge Summit, PA: Rowman & Littlefield.
  • Reed, P. D. (2009). The house rules. Diverse Issues in Higher Education. Retrieved from http://diverseeducation.com/article/31161/
  • Riggs, M. (2001). Black macho revisited: Reflections of a SNAP! Queen. In R. P. Byrd & B. Guy-Sheftall (Eds.), Traps: African American men on gender and sexuality (pp. 292–296). Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
  • Rovaris, D. J. (2005). Mays and Morehouse: How Benjamin E. Mays developed Morehouse College, 1940–1967. Silver Spring, MD: Beckam.
  • Savin-Williams, R. C. (1998). Lesbian, gay, and bisexual youths’ relationships with their parents. In C. J. Patterson & A. R. D’Augelli (Eds.), Lesbian, gay, and bisexual identities in families: Psychological perspectives (pp. 299–326). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Sirin, S. R., McCreary, D. R., & Mahalik, J. R. (2004). Differential reactions to men and women’s gender role transgressions: Perceptions of social status, sexual orientation, and value dissimilarity. Journal of Men’s Studies, 12, 119–132.10.3149/jms.1202.119
  • Staples, R. (1978). Masculinity and race: The dual dilemma of Black men. Journal of Social Issues, 34, 169–183.10.1111/josi.1978.34.issue-1
  • Teel, L. R. (1982). Benjamin Mays – Teaching by example, leading through will. Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning, 14, 14–22.10.1080/00091383.1982.9937005
  • van Dijk, T. A. (2003). Introduction: What is critical discourse analysis? In D. Schiffrin, D. Tannen, & H. E. Hamilton (Eds.), The handbook of discourse analysis (pp. 352–371). Malden, MA: Blackwell.
  • Washington, J., & Wall, V. A. (2010). African American gay men: Another challenge for the academy. In S. R. Harper & F. Harris III (Eds.), College men and masculinities: Theory, research and implications for practice (pp. 136–147). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
  • White, E. F. (2001). Dark continent of our bodies: Black feminism and the politics of respectability. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
  • Wingfield, A. (2008). Bringing minority men back in: Comment on Andersen. Gender & Society, 22, 88–92.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.