Cricket and the beginnings of organized baseball in New York city

Notes

• Peterson , Harold . 1973 . The Man Who Invented Baseball 57 69 – 74 . New York
   Google Scholar
• Adelman , Melvin L. 1986 . A Sporting Time: New York City and the Rise of Modern Athletics, 1820–1870 124 – 5 . Urbana
   Google Scholar
• 1859 . Harper's Weekly , 15 Oct.
   Google Scholar
• Voigt , David Q. 1966 . American Baseball: From Gentleman's Sport to the Commissioner System 43 Norman , OK
   Google Scholar
• 1860 . New York Clipper , 3 March : 365
   Google Scholar
• Barth , Gunther . 1980 . City People: The Rise of Modern City Culture in Nineteenth‐Century America New York Chap.5;
   Google Scholar
• Hardy , Stephen . 1981 . ‘The City and the Rise of Sport: 1820–1920’ . Exercise and Sports Sciences Reviews , IX : 183 – 219 .
   Google Scholar
• Lamoreaux , David . 1977 . ‘Baseball in the Late Nineteenth Century: The Source of Its Appeal’ . Journal of Popular Culture , XI Winter : 598
   Google Scholar
• Guttmann , Allen . 1978 . From Ritual to Record: The Nature of Modern Sports New York Chap.4.
   Google Scholar
• Blumin , Stuart M. 1984 . ‘Explaining the New Metropolis: Perception, Depiction, and Analysis in Mid‐Nineteenth‐Century New York City’ . Journal of Urban History , XI Nov. : 9 – 38 .
   Google Scholar
• Gelber , Steven M. 1983 . ‘Working at Playing: The Culture of the Workplace and the Rise of Baseball’ . Journal of Social History , XVI Summer : 3 – 22 .
   Google Scholar
• Gelber . 1984 . ‘“Their Hands Are All Out Playing:” Business and Amateur Baseball, 1845–1917’ . Journal of Sport History , XI Spring : 5 – 27 .
   Google Scholar
• Hardy , Stephen . 1982 . How Boston Played: Sport, Recreation, and Community 1865–1915 Boston Chap. 7
   Google Scholar
• Hardy . 1977 . ‘City’, 192–98; Benjamin C. Rader, ‘The Quest for Sub‐communities and the Rise of American Sport’ . American Quarterly , XXIX Fall : 355 – 69 .
   Google Scholar
• Rader . 1983 . American Sports: From the Age of Folk Games to the Age of Spectators Englewood Cliffs , NJ
   Google Scholar
• Gelber . 1978 . ‘“Their Hands'”, 20–22; Stephen Freedman, ‘The Baseball Fad in Chicago, 1865–1870: An Explanation of the Role of Sport in the Nineteenth‐Century City’ . Journal of Sport History , V Summer : 42 – 64 .
   Google Scholar
• Weber , Eugen . 1971 . ‘Gymnastics and Sports in Fin‐de‐Siecle France: Opium of the Classes?’ . American Historical Review , LXXVI Feb. : 70 – 98 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roden , Donald . 1980 . ‘Baseball and the Quest for National Dignity in Meiji Japan’ . ibid. , LXXXV June : 511 – 34 .
   Google Scholar
• Higham , John . 1970 . “ ‘The Reorientation of American Culture in the 1890s’ ” . In Writing American History: Essays on Modern Scholarship Edited by: Higham . 73 – 102 . Bloomington
   Google Scholar
• Tyrrell , Ian . 1979 . “ ‘The Emergence of Modern American Baseball, c.1850–80’ ” . In Sport in History Edited by: Cashman , Richard and McKeman , Michael . 205 – 26 . St. Lucia , Queensland
   Google Scholar
• Kirsch , George B. 1984 . ‘American Cricket: Players and Clubs Before the Civil War’ . Journal of Sport History , XI Spring : 28 – 50 .
   Google Scholar
• Kirsch . 1983 . ‘The Rise of Modern Sports: New Jersey Cricketers, Baseball Players, and Clubs, 1845–60’ . New Jersey History , CI Spring‐Summer : 53 – 83 .
   Google Scholar
• 1859 . Spirit of the Times , 3 Dec. : 505
   Google Scholar
• 1858 . ‘Saints and Their Bodies’ . Atlantic Monthly , I March : 590 593
   Google Scholar
• 1856 . Clipper , 13 Sept : 165
   Google Scholar
• 1858 . A Manual of Cricket and Base ball ... 3 Boston
   Google Scholar
• Beveridge , Charles E. and Schuyler , David , eds. 1983 . The Papers of Frederick Law Olmsted. Vol. 3. Creating Central Park 1857–1861 127 213 214 Baltimore
   Google Scholar
• 1858 . Clipper , 18 Sept. : 172
   Google Scholar
• 1858 . ‘The Cricket Mania’ . Harper's Weekly , 15 Oct. : 658
   Google Scholar
• Hale , Edward Everett . 1893 . A New England Boyhood 256 – 7 . Boston
   Google Scholar
• 1858 . Atlantic Monthly , I March : 588 590
   Google Scholar
• 1828 . Juvenile Pastimes, or, Sports for the Four Seasons ... Philadelphia
   Google Scholar
• Carver , Robin . 1835 . The Book of Sports, 37 – 8 . Boston
   Google Scholar
• John , Uncle . 1851 . The Boy's Book of Sports and Games, containing, rules and directions for the practice of the principal recreative amusements of youth iii Philadelphia
   Google Scholar
• Adams , William T. 1863 . Sports and Pastimes for In‐Doors and Out. With Additions by Oliver Optic ... Boston
   Google Scholar
• 1866 . Athletic Sports for Boys: a repository of graceful recreations for youth ... New York
   Google Scholar
• Foster , Charles J. 1867 . ‘Base‐ball and Cricket’ . Our Young Folks , III May : 304
   Google Scholar
• 1831 . ‘Prospectus’ . Spirit of the Times and Life in New York , 10 Dec.
   Google Scholar
• Bumham , Carrie S. 1866 . ‘Physical Culture’ . Arthur's Home Magazine , XXV April : 271
   Google Scholar
• Betts , John R. 1968 . ‘Mind and Body in Early American Thought’ . Journal of American History , LIV March : 787 – 805 .
   Google Scholar
• Betts . 1971 . ‘American Medical Thought on Exercise as the Road to Health, 1820–1860’ . Bulletin of the History of Medicine , XLV March‐April : 138 – 52 .
   Google Scholar
• Levine , Peter . 1979 . ‘The Promise of Sport in Antebellum America’ . Journal of American Culture , II Winter : 623 – 34 .
   Google Scholar
• Whorton , James C. 1982 . Crusaders for Fitness: The History of American Health Reformers Princeton
   Google Scholar
• 1858 . Clipper , 4 Sept. : 158
   Google Scholar
• Dunning , Eric and Sheard , Kenneth . 1979 . Barbarians, Gentlemen and Players: A Sociological Study of the Development of Rugby Football London
   Google Scholar
• Haley , Bruce . 1978 . The Healthy Body and Victorian Culture Cambridge , MA
   Google Scholar
• 1847 . ‘Thoughts on Manly Education’ . Knickerbocker Magazine , XXX Nov. : 417
   Google Scholar
• Hale , Edward Everett . 1854 . Public Amusements for Poor and Rich. A Discourse 22 Boston
   Google Scholar
• 1858 . Atlantic Monthly , : 594
   Google Scholar
• Betts , John R. 1974 . America's Sporting Heritage, 1850–1950 20 Reading , MA
   Google Scholar
• Berryman , Jack W. 1979 . ‘The Tenuous Attempts of Americans to “Catch‐up with ‘John Bull’:” Speciality Magazines and Sporting Journalism, 1800–1835’ . Canadian Journal of Sport History , X May : 33 – 61 .
   Google Scholar
• 1853 . Clipper , 23 July
   Google Scholar
• 1858 . ibid. , Feb 27 : 356
   Google Scholar
• 1856 . Clipper , 25 Oct. : 212
   Google Scholar
• 1857 . Clipper , 26 Sept. : 180
   Google Scholar
• Ernst , Robert . 1949 . Immigrant Life in New York City, 1825–1863 193 – 4 . 138 New York
   Google Scholar
• Scherzer , Kenneth A. 1982 . “ ‘The Unbounded Community: Neighborhood life and Social Structure in New York City, 1830–1875’ ” . 429 431 Harvard University . unpublished Ph.D. dissertation
   Google Scholar
• 1843 . New York Anglo‐American , 10 Sept. : 501
   Google Scholar
• Scherzer . “ ‘Unbounded Community’ ” . 221 240
   Google Scholar
• Ernst . Immigrant Life 128 – 9 .
   Google Scholar
• Stott , Richard . 1985 . ‘British Immigrants and the American “Work Ethic” in the Mid‐Nineteenth Century . Labor History , XXVI Winter : 86 – 102 .
   Google Scholar
• Wiggins , David K. 1982 . ‘Work, Leisure and Sport in America: The British Travelers’ Image, 1830–1860’ . Canadian Journal of Sport History , XIII May : 28 – 60 .
   Google Scholar
• Chambers , William . 1854 . Things As They Are in America 78 London
   Google Scholar
• Burn , James D. 1865 . Three Years Among the Working‐Classes in the United States During the War 185 London
   Google Scholar
• 1840 . The British Mechanic's and Labourer's Hand Book and True Guide to the United States 62 London
   Google Scholar
• 1843 . Anglo‐American , 29 April : 17 – 18 .
   Google Scholar
• 1840 . Albion , 24 Aug. : 283
   Google Scholar
• Girouard , Mark . 1981 . Return to Camelot: Chivalry and the English Gentleman New Haven
   Google Scholar
• 1843 . Anglo‐American , 23 Sept. : 523 – 4 .
   Google Scholar
• Park , Roberta J. 1984 . ‘British Sports and Pastimes in San Francisco, 1848–1900’ . British Journal of Sports History , I December : 300 – 17 .
   Google Scholar
• Jable , J. Thomas . “ ‘Latter‐Day Cultural Imperialists: The British Influence on the Establishment of Cricket in Philadelphia, 1842–1872’ ” . In Pleasure, Profit, Proselytism: British Culture and Sport at Home and Abroad 1700–1914 Edited by: Mangan , J.A. (forthcoming)
   Google Scholar
• 1840 . Albion , 24 Aug. : 283
   Google Scholar
• 1843 . Anglo‐American , 29 April : 22
   Google Scholar
• 1842 . Spirit , 15 Oct. : 385
   Google Scholar
• 1853 . Clipper , 3 Sept.
   Google Scholar
• Chadwick , Henry . 1860 . Beadle's Dime Base‐Ball Player: a compendium of the game, comprising elementary instructions of this American game of ball ... 6 New York
   Google Scholar
• 1867 . ‘Now and Then’ . Ball Player's Chronicle , I 13 June : 4
   Google Scholar
• 1857 . Spirit , 12 Dec. : 529
   Google Scholar
• 1844 . Anglo‐American , 14 Sept. : 502
   Google Scholar
• 1839 . Spirit , 2 Nov. : 415
   Google Scholar
• 1843 . Anglo‐American , 1 July : 237
   Google Scholar
• 1846 . Spirit , 4 July : 219
   Google Scholar
• 1845 . Anglo‐American , 5 July : 259
   Google Scholar
• 1844 . Spirit , 1 June : 162
   Google Scholar
• 1839 . Spirit , 9 Nov. : 423
   Google Scholar
• 1847 . Anglo‐American , 21 Aug. : 429
   Google Scholar
• 1844 . Anglo‐American , 27 April : 22
   Google Scholar
• 1854 . Spirit , 23 Dec. : 534
   Google Scholar
• 1855 . Spirit , 29 Sept. : 391
   Google Scholar
• 1854 . Spirit , 15 July : 258
   Google Scholar
• Seymour , Harold . 1960 . Baseball: The Early Years 37 New York
   Google Scholar
• Chadwick . Beadle's Dime Base‐Ball Player 10
   Google Scholar
• Ford , John . 1972 . Cricket: A Social History 1700–1835 Newton Abbot
   Google Scholar
• Christopher Brookes . 1978 . English Cricket: The Game and Its Players through the Ages London
   Google Scholar
• Mandle , W.F. 1972 . ‘The Professional Cricketer in England in the Nineteenth Century’ . Labour History , XXIII Nov. : 1 – 16 .
   Google Scholar
• Sandford , Keith A.P. 1983 . ‘Amateurs and Professionals in Victorian County Cricket’ . Albion , XV Spring : 32 – 51 .
   Google Scholar
• 1844 . Spirit , 16 March
   Google Scholar
• 1844 . The Cricketer's Hand‐Book ... Boston , New York
   Google Scholar
• Barber , G.A. 1845 . The Laws of Cricket, as revised and amended by the Mary‐le‐bonne Club ... Toronto
   Google Scholar
• Paterson , Alexander D. 1847 . The Manual of Cricket ... New York
   Google Scholar
• 1842 . Spirit , 24 Sept. : 357
   Google Scholar
• 1844 . ibid. , 20 April : 90
   Google Scholar
• Henderson , Robert W. 1947 . Ball, Bat and Bishop 103 – 13 . New York
   Google Scholar
• Gorn , Elliott J. 1983 . “ ‘The Manly Art: Bare‐Knuckle Prize‐Fighting and the Rise of American Sports’ ” . Yale University . unpublished Ph.D. dissertation
   Google Scholar
• 1845 . Anglo‐American , 8 Nov. : 68
   Google Scholar
• 1851 . Spirit , 26 April : 115
   Google Scholar
• 1847 . Spirit , 10 June : 186
   Google Scholar
• 1854 . Spirit , 25 July : 258
   Google Scholar
• Adelman . Sporting Time , 124
   Google Scholar
• 1855 . Spirit , 12 May : 147
   Google Scholar
• 1860 . Clipper , 21 Oct. : 213
   Google Scholar
• 1860 . ibid. , 28 April : 12
   Google Scholar
• Danforth , Brian J. 1977 . ‘Hoboken and the Affluent New Yorker's Search for Recreation, 1820–1860’ . New Jersey History , XCI Autumn : 133 – 44 .
   Google Scholar
• 1832 . ‘A Trip to Hoboken’ . Spirit , 19 May
   Google Scholar
• Redmond , Gerald . 1971 . The Caledonian Games in Nineteenth‐Century America 37 Cranbury , NJ
   Google Scholar
• Guttmann , Allen . 1978 . From Ritual to Record: The Nature of Modern Sports 108 – 113 . New York
   Google Scholar
• Goldstein , Warren J. 1983 . “ ‘Playing for Keeps: A History of American Baseball, 1857–1876’ ” . 280 – 81 . Yale University . unpublished Ph.D. dissertation
   Google Scholar
• 1845 . Anglo‐American , 4 June : 186 – 7 .
   Google Scholar
• 1844 . Spirit , 3 Aug. : 276
   Google Scholar
• 1860 . Clipper , 3 March : 365
   Google Scholar
• 1844 . Anglo‐American , 28 Sept. : 549
   Google Scholar
• 1857 . Spirit , 12 Dec. : 529
   Google Scholar
• 1860 . Clipper , 4 Aug. : 124
   Google Scholar
• Chadwick . Beadle's Dime Base‐Ball Player 36 – 7 .
   Google Scholar
• Seymour . Baseball 17 36
   Google Scholar
• Goldstein . “ ‘Playing for Keeps’ ” . 115
   Google Scholar
• Seymour . Baseball 47 – 8 . 52
   Google Scholar
• 1859 . Spirit , 16 July : 270
   Google Scholar
• Peterson . Man Who Invented Baseball 78
   Google Scholar
• 1856 . Clipper , 13 Sept : 165
   Google Scholar
• Gill , Edward L. 1867 . The Skater's Manual: A Complete Guide to the Art of Skating New York
   Google Scholar
• 1857 . Spirit , 20 June : 225
   Google Scholar
• 1856 . Clipper , 13 Dec. : 268
   Google Scholar
• 1855 . Spirit , 2 June : 181
   Google Scholar
• 1860 . Clipper , 25 Aug. : 147
   Google Scholar
• 1860 . Spirit , 10 March : 54
   Google Scholar
• Strong , George Templeton . 1952 . The Diary of George Templeton Strong Edited by: Nevins , Allan and Thomas , Milton H. 4 vols.) II , 196 New York
   Google Scholar
• Buckley , Peter G. 1984 . “ ‘To The Opera House: Culture and Society in New York City, 1820–1860’ unpublished Ph.D. dissertation ” . State University of New York at Stony Brook . Chaps. 1,4;
   Google Scholar
• Wilentz , Sean . 1984 . Chants Democratic: New York City and the Rise of the American Working Class 1780–1850 New York
   Google Scholar
• 1858 . ‘The New World and the New Man’ . Atlantic Monthly , II Oct. : 513 – 31 .
   Google Scholar
• 1857 . New York Times , 5 June
   Google Scholar
• Adelman . Sporting Time , 135
   Google Scholar
• 1854 . Clipper , 19 Aug.
   Google Scholar
• 1860 . ibid. , 15 Sept. : 170
   Google Scholar
• Chadwick , Henry . 1860 . Beadle's Dime Book of Cricket: a desirable cricketer's companion... 7 26 – 7 . New York
   Google Scholar
• Chadwick . 1868 . The Game of Baseball: How to learn it, how to play it, and how to teach it ... 10 New York
   Google Scholar
• Spalding , Albert G. 1911 . America's National Game: Historic facts concerning the beginning, evolution and popularity of baseball ... 64 6 – 7 . 92 New York
   Google Scholar