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Original Articles

'Muscular, militaristic and manly’: the British middle‐class hero as moral messenger

Pages 28-47 | Published online: 07 Mar 2007

Notes

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  • Mangan , J.A. 1981 . Athleticism in the Victorian and Edwardian Public School: The emergence and consolidation of (in ideal , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Chandos , John . 1984 . Boys Together: The English Public School 1800–1864 , London : Yale University Press .
  • Mangan , J.A. 1994 . ‘Sport: Competition, Fair Play, Commercialism’ . Presentation delivered at ‘The Sports Business in Tomorrow's World’, an international conference on world sports management organised by Georgia Institute of Technology at Atlanta . October 1994 , Georgia.
  • Mangan . “ ‘Social Darwinism and Upper Class Education...’ ” . 152 – 3 .
  • Newsome . Godliness and Good Learning 197
  • Newsome . Godliness on Good Learning 213
  • Lucas , John . 1990 . England and Englishness , 76 London : The Hogarth Press .
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  • Newsome . Godliness and Good Learning 226
  • Newsome . Godliness and Good Learning 224 – 5 .
  • Mangan . Athleticism in The Victorian and Edwardian Public School 68
  • Mangan , J.A. 1995 . “ ‘Duty unto Death: English Nationalism, Militarism and Masculinity in the Era of the New Imperialism’ ” . In Tribal Identities: Nationalism, Europe, Sport , Edited by: Mangan , J.A. London : Frank Cass .
  • Newsome . Godliness and Good Learning 221
  • Mangan . “ ‘Sport: Competition, Fair Play, Commercialism’ ” . 4
  • Collier , Price . 1913 . England and the English from an American Point of View , 213 London : Duckworth .
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  • Mangan . “ ‘Social Darwinism and Upper Class Education’ ” . 135
  • Lowerson , John . 1993 . Sport and the English Middle Classes , 70 Manchester : Manchester University Press .
  • Lunn , Arnold . 1913 . The Harrovians , 110 London : Methuen .
  • Mangan , J.A. 1986 . The Games Ethic and Imperialism , Harmondsworth : Viking/Penguin .
  • Mangan , James A. 1987 . “ ‘Ethics and Ethnocentricity: Imperial Education in British Tropical Africa’ ” . In Sport in Africa: Essays in Social History , Edited by: Baker , William J. and Mangan , James A. 138 New York : Holmes and Meier .
  • Newsome . Godliness and Good Learning 238
  • Mangan , J.A. 1996 . “ ‘Gamesfield and Battlefield: A Romantic Alliance in Verse and the Creation of Militaristic Masculinity’ ” . In Making Men: Rugby and Masculine Identity in Britain and Its Empire , Edited by: Nauright , J. and Chandler , T. London : Frank Cass .
  • Mangan , J.A. 1988 . “ ‘Moralists, Metaphysicians and Mythologists: the “Signifiers” of a Victorian and Edwardian Sub‐Culture’ ” . In Coroebus Triumphs , Edited by: Bandy , Susan J. 143 San Diego : San Diego, University Press .
  • Bowen , W.E. 1902 . Edward Bowen: A Memoir , 404 London : Longmans, Green and Co. .
  • Mangan , J.A. 1982 . ‘Philathlete Extraordinary: A Portrait of the Victorian Moralist, Edward Bowen’ . Journal of Sports History , 9 ( 3 ) Winter : 34
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  • Roberts , J.M. 1972 . The Mythology of the Secret Societies , 347 London : Seeker and Warburg .
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  • Newbolt , Henry , ed. 1912 . “ ‘England’ ” . In Poems: New and Old , 103 London : John Murray . (first verse)
  • Newbolt , ed. “ ‘Victoria Regina’ ” . In Poems: New and Old 104 (first verse)
  • Newbolt , ed. “ ‘The Vigil’ ” . In Poems: New and Old 80 (second verse)
  • Newbolt , ed. “ ‘The King of England’ (second verse) ” . In Poems: New and Old 105
  • Newbolt , ed. “ ‘Hymn’ (seventh verse) ” . In Poems: New and Old 211
  • Newbolt , ed. “ ‘The Guides at Cabul’ ” . In Poems: New and Old 66
  • Newbolt , ed. “ ‘Sacramentum Supremum’ (first verse) ” . In Poems: New and Old 75
  • Newbolt , ed. “ ‘The Non‐Combatant’ ” . In Poems: New and Old 74
  • Newbolt , ed. “ ‘Ionicus’ (first verse) ” . In Poems: New and Old 72
  • Newbolt , ed. “ ‘The Best School of AH’ ” . In Poems: New and Old 101 (chorus)
  • Mangan . “ ‘Moralists, Metaphysicians and Mythologists’ ” . 146
  • Newbolt , ed. “ ‘The Schoolfellow’ ” . In Poems: New and Old 89
  • Mangan . “ ‘Moralists, Metaphysicians and Mythologists’ ” . 146
  • Newbolt , ed. “ ‘On Spion Kop’ ” . In Poems: New and Old 90
  • Newbolt , ed. “Clifton Chapel’ (second verse) ” . In Poems: New and Old 76
  • Newbolt , ed. “ ‘Vital Lampada’ (first and second verses) ” . In Poems: New and Old 78
  • Newbolt , ed. “ ‘The School at War’ (first, third and fourth verses) ” . In Poems: New and Old 91
  • Newbolt , ed. “ ‘He Fell Among Thieves’ (seventh and eighth verses) ” . In Poems: New and Old 70
  • Newbolt , ed. “ ‘Peace’ ” . In Poems: New and Old 94
  • Birley , Sir Derek . 1995 . Playing The Game: Sport and British Society 1914–1945 , Manchester : Manchester University Press .

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