Publication Cover
Production Planning & Control
The Management of Operations
Volume 31, 2020 - Issue 13
1,739
Views
31
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Context matters: how internal and external factors impact servitization

, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon &
Pages 1077-1097 | Received 18 Sep 2018, Accepted 26 Nov 2019, Published online: 05 Dec 2019

References

  • Ahamed, Z., T. Inohara, and A. Kamoshida. 2013. “The Servitization of Manufacturing: An Empirical Case Study of IBM Corporation.” International Journal of Business Administration 4 (2): 18.doi:10.5430/ijba.v4n2p18.
  • Aldrich, H. E., and J. Pfeffer. 1976. “Environments of Organizations.” Annual Review of Sociology 2 (1): 79–105. doi:10.1146/annurev.so.02.080176.000455.
  • Alghisi, A., and N. Saccani. 2015. “Internal and External Alignment in the Servitization Journey – Overcoming the Challenges.” Production Planning & Control 26: 1219–1232. doi:10.1080/09537287.2015.1033496.
  • Ambroise, Laure, Isabelle Prim-Allaz, Christine Teyssier, and Sophie Peillon. 2018. “The Environment-Strategy-Structure Fit and Performance of Industrial Servitized SMEs.” Journal of Service Management 29 (2): 301–328. doi:10.1108/JOSM-10-2016-0276.
  • Ates, A., and U. Bititci. 2011. “Change Process: A Key Enabler for Building Resilient SMEs.” International Journal of Production Research 49 (18): 5601–5618. doi:10.1080/00207543.2011.563825.
  • Baines, T., A. Z. Bigdeli, O. F. Bustinza, V. G. Shi, J. Baldwin, and K. Ridgway. 2017. “Servitization: Revisiting the State-of-the-Art and Research Priorities.” International Journal of Operations & Production Management 37: 256–278. doi:10.1108/IJOPM-06-2015-0312.
  • Baines, T., and H. W. Lightfoot. 2014. “Servitization of the Manufacturing Firm: Exploring the Operations Practices and Technologies That Deliver Advanced Services.” International Journal of Operations & Production Management 34: 2–35. doi:10.1108/IJOPM-02-2012-0086.
  • Baines, T., H. Lightfoot, O. Benedettini, and J. M. Kay. 2009. “The Servitization of Manufacturing: A Review of Literature and Reflection on Future Challenges.” Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management 20 (5): 547–567. doi:10.1108/17410380910960984.
  • Baines, T., H. Lightfoot, J. Peppard, M. Johnson, A. Tiwari, E. Shehab, and M. Swink. 2009. “Towards an Operations Strategy for Product-Centric Servitization.” International Journal of Operations & Production Management 29: 494–519. doi:10.1108/01443570910953603.
  • Baines, T., and V. G. Shi. 2015. “A Delphi Study to Explore the Adoption of Servitization in UK Companies.” Production Planning & Control 26: 1–17. doi:10.1080/09537287.2015.1033490.
  • Baker, J., K. Lovell, and N. Harris. 2006. “How Expert Are the Experts? An Exploration of the Concept of ‘Expert’within Delphi Panel Techniques.” Nurse Researcher 14 (1): 59–70. doi:10.7748/nr2006.10.14.1.59.c6010.
  • Bardecki, M. J. 1984. “Participants’ Response to the Delphi Method: An Attitudinal Perspective.” Technological Forecasting and Social Change 25 (3): 281–292. doi:10.1016/0040-1625(84)90006-4.
  • Barnes, D. 2002. “The Complexities of the Manufacturing Strategy Formation Process in Practice.” International Journal of Operations & Production Management 22: 1090–1111. doi:10.1108/01443570210446324.
  • Bastl, M., M. Johnson, H. Lightfoot, and S. Evans. 2012. “Buyer-Supplier Relationships in a Servitized Environment: An Examination with Cannon and Perreault’s Framework.” International Journal of Operations & Production Management 32: 650–675. doi:10.1108/01443571211230916.
  • Benedettini, O., A. Neely, and M. Swink. 2015. “Why Do Servitized Firms Fail? A Risk-Based Explanation.” International Journal of Operations & Production Management 35: 946–979. doi:10.1108/IJOPM-02-2014-0052.
  • Bloor, M. 2001. Focus Groups in Social Research. London: Sage.
  • Bokrantz, J., A. Skoogh, C. Berlin, and J. Stahre. 2017. “Maintenance in Digitalised Manufacturing: Delphi-Based Scenarios for 2030.” International Journal of Production Economics 191: 154–169.
  • Brady, S. R. 2015. “Utilizing and Adapting the Delphi Method for Use in Qualitative Research.” International Journal of Qualitative Methods 14 (5): 160940691562138. doi:10.1177/1609406915621381.
  • Brax, S. A., and K. Jonsson. 2009. “Developing Integrated Solution Offerings for Remote Diagnostics: A Comparative Case Study of Two Manufacturers.” International Journal of Operations & Production Management 29: 539–560. doi:10.1108/01443570910953621.
  • Brax, S. A., and F. Visintin. 2017. “Meta-Model of Servitization: The Integrative Profiling Approach.” Industrial Marketing Management 60: 17–32. doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2016.04.014.
  • Burton, J., V. M. Story, C. Raddats, and J. Zolkiewski. 2017. “Overcoming the Challenges That Hinder New Service Development by Manufacturers with Diverse Services Strategies.” International Journal of Production Economics 192: 29–39. doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2017.01.013.
  • Bustinza, O. F., A. Z. Bigdeli, T. Baines, and C. Elliot. 2015. “Servitization and Competitive Advantage: The Importance of Organizational Structure and Value Chain Position.” Research-Technology Management 58 (5): 53–60. doi:10.5437/08956308X5805354.
  • Bustinza, Oscar F., Ferran Vendrell Herrero, Emanuel Gomes, Esteban Lafuente, Marco Opazo Basáez, Rodrigo Rabetino, and Yancy Vaillant. 2018. “Product-Service Innovation and Performance: Unveiling the Complexities.” International Journal of Business Environment 10 (2): 95–111.
  • Bustinza, O. F., G. C. Parry, and F. Vendrell-Herrero. 2013. “Supply and Demand Chain Management: The Effect of Adding Services to Product Offerings.” Supply Chain Management: An International Journal 18: 618–629. doi:10.1108/SCM-05-2013-0149.
  • Ceci, F., and A. Masini. 2011. “Balancing Specialized and Generic Capabilities in the Provision of Integrated Solutions.” Industrial and Corporate Change 20 (1): 91–131. doi:10.1093/icc/dtq069.
  • Cenamor, J., D. Rönnberg Sjödin, and V. Parida. 2017. “Adopting a Platform Approach in Servitization: Leveraging the Value of Digitalization.” International Journal of Production Economics 192: 54–65. doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2016.12.033.
  • Chesbrough, H. W. 2011. “Bringing Open Innovation to Services.” MIT Sloan Management Review 52: 85.
  • Child, J. 1972. “Organizational Structure, Environment and Performance: The Role of Strategic Choice.” Sociology 6 (1): 1–22. doi:10.1177/003803857200600101.
  • Clegg, B., P. Little, S. Govette, and J. Logue. 2017. “Transformation of a Small-to-Medium-Sized Enterprise to a Multi-Organisation Product-Service Solution Provider.” International Journal of Production Economics 192: 81-91. doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2017.01.012.
  • Coreynen, W., P. Matthyssens, and W. Van Bockhaven. 2017. “Boosting Servitization Through Digitization: Pathways and Dynamic Resource Configurations for Manufacturers.” Industrial Marketing Management 60: 42–53. doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2016.04.012.
  • Critcher, C., and B. Gladstone. 1998. “Utilizing the Delphi Technique in Policy Discussion: A Case Study of a Privatized Utility in Britain.” Public Administration 76 (3): 431–449. doi:10.1111/1467-9299.00110.
  • Daft, R. L., J. Sormunen, and D. Parks. 1988. “Chief Executive Scanning, Environmental Characteristics, and Company Performance: An Empirical Study.” Strategic Management Journal 9 (2): 123–139. doi:10.1002/smj.4250090204.
  • Dalkey, N., and O. Helmer. 1963. “An Experimental Application of the Delphi Method to the Use of Experts.” Management Science 9 (3): 458–467. doi:10.1287/mnsc.9.3.458.
  • Durugbo, C., and J. A. Erkoyuncu. 2016. “Mitigating Uncertainty for Industrial Service Operations: A Multi Case Study.” International Journal of Operations & Production Management 36: 532–571.
  • Durugbo, C., and J. C. Riedel. 2013. “Readiness Assessment of Collaborative Networked Organisations for Integrated Product and Service Delivery.” International Journal of Production Research 51 (2): 598–613. doi:10.1080/00207543.2012.658529.
  • Eloranta, V., and T. Turunen. 2016. “Platforms in Service-Driven Manufacturing: Leveraging Complexity by Connecting, Sharing, and Integrating.” Industrial Marketing Management 55: 178–186. doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2015.10.003.
  • European Commission. 2018. “Study on the potential of servitisation and other forms of product-service provision for EU SMEs.” Accessed 26 August 2019. https://publications.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/0d1ed8aa-8649-11e8-ac6a-01aa75ed71a1/language-en
  • Faems, D., B. Van Looy, M. Janssens, and P. W. Vlaar. 2012. “The Process of Value Realization in Asymmetric New Venture Development Alliances: Governing the Transition from Exploration to Exploitation.” Journal of Engineering and Technology Management 29 (4): 508–527.
  • Finne, M., S. Brax, and J. Holmström. 2013. “Reversed Servitization Paths: A Case Analysis of Two Manufacturers.” Service Business 7 (4): 513–537. doi:10.1007/s11628-013-0182-1.
  • Forkmann, S., S. C. Henneberg, L. Witell, and D. Kindström. 2017. “Driver Configurations for Successful Service Infusion.” Journal of Service Research 20 (3): 275–291. doi:10.1177/1094670517706160.
  • Frishammar, J. 2006. “Organizational Environment Revisited: A Conceptual Review and Integration.” International Studies of Management & Organization 36: 22–49. doi:10.2753/IMO0020-8825360302.
  • Gago, D., and L. Rubalcaba. 2007. “Innovation and ICT in Service Firms: Towards a Multidimensional Approach for Impact Assessment.” Journal of Evolutionary Economics 17 (1): 25–44. doi:10.1007/s00191-006-0030-8.
  • Gebauer, H. 2008. “Identifying Service Strategies in Product Manufacturing Companies by Exploring Environment-Strategy Configurations.” Industrial Marketing Management 37 (3): 278–291. doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2007.05.018.
  • Gebauer, H., T. Brashear, and C. Kowalkowski. 2012. “Customer‐Focused and Service‐Focused Orientation in Organizational Structures.” Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 27: 527–537. doi:10.1108/08858621211257293.
  • Gebauer, H., E. Fleisch, and T. Friedli. 2005. “Overcoming the Service Paradox in Manufacturing Companies.” European Management Journal 23 (1): 14–26. doi:10.1016/j.emj.2004.12.006.
  • Gebauer, H., and T. Friedli. 2005. “Behavioral Implications of the Transition Process from Products to Services.” Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 20: 70–78.
  • Gebauer, H., T. Friedli, and E. Fleisch. 2006. “Success Factors for Achieving High Service Revenues in Manufacturing Companies.” Benchmarking: An International Journal 13 (3): 374–386. doi:10.1108/14635770610668848.
  • Gebauer, H., M. Paiola, and B. Edvardsson. 2012. “A Capability Perspective on Service Business Development in Small and Medium-Sized Suppliers.” Scandinavian Journal of Management 28 (4): 321–339. doi:10.1016/j.scaman.2012.07.001.
  • Gibbs, A. 1997. “Focus Groups.” Social Research Update 19: 1–8.
  • Goodstein, J. D. 1994. “Institutional Pressures and Strategic Responsiveness: Employer Involvement in Work-Family Issues.” Academy of Management Journal 37: 350–382. doi:10.2307/256833.
  • Hannan, M. T., and J. Freeman. 1977. “The Population Ecology of Organizations.” American Journal of Sociology 82 (5): 929–964. doi:10.1086/226424.
  • Harvey, N., and C. A. Holmes. 2012. “Nominal Group Technique: An Effective Method for Obtaining Group Consensus.” International Journal of Nursing Practice 18 (2): 188–194. doi:10.1111/j.1440-172X.2012.02017.x.
  • Hasson, F., S. Keeney, and H. Mckenna. 2000. “Research Guidelines for the Delphi Survey Technique.” Journal of Advanced Nursing 32: 1008–1015. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.2000.t01-1-01567.x.
  • He, Z. L., and P. K. Wong. 2004. “Exploration vs. Exploitation: An Empirical Test of the Ambidexterity Hypothesis.” Organization Science 15 (4): 481–494.
  • Helfat, C. E., and M. B. Lieberman. 2002. “The Birth of Capabilities: Market Entry and the Importance of Pre‐History.” Industrial and Corporate Change 11 (4): 725–760. doi:10.1093/icc/11.4.725.
  • Hitt, M. A., P. W. Beamish, S. E. Jackson, and J. E. Mathieu. 2007. “Building Theoretical and Empirical Bridges Across Levels: Multilevel Research in Management.” Academy of Management Journal 50 (6): 1385–1399. doi:10.5465/amj.2007.28166219.
  • Hitt, M. A., and B. B. Tyler. 1991. “Strategic Decision Models: Integrating Different Perspectives.” Strategic Management Journal 12 (5): 327–351. doi:10.1002/smj.4250120502.
  • Holmström, J., and J. Partanen. 2014. “Digital Manufacturing-Driven Transformations of Service Supply Chains for Complex Products.” Supply Chain Management: An International Journal 19 (4): 421–430. doi:10.1108/SCM-10-2013-0387.
  • Hsu, C. 2007. “Scaling with Digital Connection: Services Innovation. Systems, Man and Cybernetics, 2007.” ISIC. IEEE international conference on, 2007. IEEE, 4057–4061.
  • Hsu, C. C., and B. A. Sandford. 2007. “The Delphi Technique: Making Sense of Consensus.” Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation 12: 1–8.
  • Hudson, M., J. Lean, and P. A. Smart. 2001. “Improving Control through Effective Performance Measurement in SMEs.” Production Planning & Control 12: 804–813. doi:10.1080/09537280110061557.
  • Jaakkola, E., and T. Hakanen. 2013. “Value co-Creation in Solution Networks.” Industrial Marketing Management 42 (1): 47–58. doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2012.11.005.
  • Johnson, M., and C. Mena. 2008. “Supply Chain Management for Servitised Products: A Multi-Industry Case Study.” International Journal of Production Economics 114 (1): 27–39. doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2007.09.011.
  • Johnstone, S.,. A. Dainty, and A. Wilkinson. 2009. “Integrating Products and Services through Life: An Aerospace Experience.” International Journal of Operations & Production Management 29: 520–538. doi:10.1108/01443570910953612.
  • Jovanovic, M., M. Engwall, and A. Jerbrant. 2016. “Matching Service Offerings and Product Operations: A Key to Servitization Success.” Research-Technology Management 59 (3): 29–36. doi:10.1080/08956308.2016.1161403.
  • Kamp, B., and G. Parry. 2017. “Servitization and Advanced Business Services as Levers for Competitiveness.” Industrial Marketing Management 60: 11–16. doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2016.12.008.
  • Kindström, D. 2010. “Towards a Service-Based Business Model – Key Aspects for Future Competitive Advantage.” European Management Journal 28 (6): 479–490. doi:10.1016/j.emj.2010.07.002.
  • Kindström, D., D. C. K. D. Daniel Kindström, and C. Kowalkowski. 2014. “Service Innovation in Product-Centric Firms: A Multidimensional Business Model Perspective.” Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 29: 96–111. doi:10.1108/JBIM-08-2013-0165.
  • Kindström, D., and C. Kowalkowski. 2015. “Service-Driven Business Model Innovation: Organizing the Shift from a Product-Based to a Service-Centric Business Model.” In Business Model Innovation: The Organizational Dimension, edited by Nicolai Foss and Tina Saebi, 191–216. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
  • Kohtamäki, M., J. Partanen, and K. Möller. 2013. “Making a Profit with R&D Services—the Critical Role of Relational Capital.” Industrial Marketing Management 42: 71–81.
  • Kohtamäki, M., J. Partanen, V. Parida, and J. Wincent. 2013. “Non-Linear Relationship Between Industrial Service Offering and Sales Growth: The Moderating Role of Network Capabilities.” Industrial Marketing Management 42 (8): 1374–1385.
  • Kowalkowski, C. 2011. “Dynamics of Value Propositions: Insights from Service-Dominant Logic.” European Journal of Marketing 45 (1/2): 277–294. doi:10.1108/03090561111095702.
  • Kowalkowski, C., H. Gebauer, B. Kamp, and G. Parry. 2017. “Servitization and Deservitization: Overview, Concepts, and Definitions.” Industrial Marketing Management 60: 4–10. doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2016.12.007.
  • Kowalkowski, C., H. Gebauer, and R. Oliva. 2017. “Service Growth in Product Firms: Past, Present, and Future.” Industrial Marketing Management 60: 82–88. doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2016.10.015.
  • Kowalkowski, C., and W. Ulaga. 2017. Service Strategy in Action: A Practical Guide for Growing Your B2B Service and Solution Business. Scottsdale, AZ: Service Strategy Press.
  • Kowalkowski, C., L. Witell, and A. Gustafsson. 2013. “Any Way Goes: Identifying Value Constellations for Service Infusion in SMEs.” Industrial Marketing Management 42 (1): 18–30. doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2012.11.004.
  • Kreye, M. E. 2016. “Employee Motivation in Product-Service System Providers.” Production Planning & Control 27: 1249–1259. doi:10.1080/09537287.2016.1206219.
  • Kreye, M. E. 2017. “Can You Put Too Much on Your Plate? Uncertainty Exposure in Servitized Triads.” International Journal of Operations & Production Management 37: 1722–1740. doi:10.1108/IJOPM-06-2016-0357.
  • Lee, J., H. A. Kao, and S. Yang. 2014. “Service Innovation and Smart Analytics for Industry 4.0 and Big Data Environment.” Procedia CIRP 16: 3–8. doi:10.1016/j.procir.2014.02.001.
  • Leseure, M., M. Hudson‐Smith, V. Martinez, M. Bastl, J. Kingston, and S. Evans. 2010. “Challenges in Transforming Manufacturing Organisations into Product‐Service Providers.” Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management 21 (4): 449-469. doi:10.1108/17410381011046571.
  • Lienert, A. 2015. “Change of Culture or Culture of Change? Introducing a Path-Agency-Culture (PAC) Framework to Servitization Research.” Procedia CIRP 30: 353–358. doi:10.1016/j.procir.2015.02.094.
  • Lightfoot, H. W., T. Baines, and P. Smart. 2011. “Examining the Information and Communication Technologies Enabling Servitized Manufacture.” Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 225 (10): 1964–1968. doi:10.1177/0954405411399019.
  • Lütjen, H., F. Tietze, and C. Schultz. 2017. “Service Transitions of Product-Centric Firms: An Explorative Study of Service Transition Stages and Barriers in Germany’s Energy Market.” International Journal of Production Economics 192: 106. doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2017.03.021.
  • March, J. G. 1991. “Exploration and Exploitation in Organizational Learning.” Organization Science 2 (1): 71–87. doi:10.1287/orsc.2.1.71.
  • Martin, P. C. G., A. Schroeder, and A. Z. Bigdeli. 2019. “The Value Architecture of Servitization: Expanding the Research Scope.” Journal of Business Research. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.04.010.
  • Martinez, V., M. Bastl, J. Kingston, and S. Evans. 2010. “Challenges in Transforming Manufacturing Organisations into Product‐Service Providers.” Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management 21 (4): 449–469. doi:10.1108/17410381011046571.
  • Martinez, V., A. Neely, C. Velu, S. Leinster-Evans, and D. Bisessar. 2017. “Exploring the Journey to Services.” International Journal of Production Economics 192: 66–80. doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2016.12.030.
  • Meijering, J. V., J. K. Kampen, and H. Tobi. 2013. “Quantifying the Development of Agreement among Experts in Delphi Studies.” Technological Forecasting and Social Change 80 (8): 1607–1614. doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2013.01.003.
  • Mennens, K., A. VAN Gils, G. Odekerken-Schröder, and W. Letterie. 2018. “Exploring Antecedents of Service Innovation Performance in Manufacturing SMEs.” International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship 36 (5): 500–520. doi:10.1177/0266242617749687.
  • Menor, L. J., M. V. Tatikonda, and S. E. Sampson. 2002. “New Service Development: Areas for Exploitation and Exploration.” Journal of Operations Management 20(2): 135–157. doi:10.1016/S0272-6963(01)00091-2.
  • Meyer, A. D., G. R. Brooks, and J. B. Goes. 1990. “Environmental Jolts and Industry Revolutions: Organizational Responses to Discontinuous Change.” Strategic Management Journal 11: 93–110.
  • Meyer, A. D., J. B. Goes, G. R. Brooks, and G. Huber. 1995. “Organizations Reacting to Hyperturbulence.” In Longitudinal Field Research Methods: Studying Processes in Organizational Change, edited by G. P. Huber & A. H. Van de Ven, 66–111. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
  • Meyer, J. W., and B. Rowan. 1977. “Institutionalized Organizations: Formal Structure as Myth and Ceremony.” American Journal of Sociology 83 (2): 340–363. doi:10.1086/226550.
  • Mitroff, I. I., and M. Turoff. 2002. “Philosophical and Methodological Foundations of Delphi.” In The Delphi Method: Techniques and Applications, edited by H. A. Linstone and M. Turoff. London: Addison-Wesley.
  • Moore, C. M. 1987. Group Techniques for Idea Building. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
  • Mullen, P. M. 2003. “Delphi: Myths and Reality.” Journal of Health Organization and Management 17 (1): 37–52. doi:10.1108/14777260310469319.
  • Neely, A. 2008. “Exploring the Financial Consequences of the Servitization of Manufacturing.” Operations Management Research 1 (2): 103–118. doi:10.1007/s12063-009-0015-5.
  • Ng, I., G. Parry, L. Smith, R. Maull, and G. Briscoe. 2012. “Transitioning from a Goods‐Dominant to a Service‐Dominant Logic: Visualising the Value Proposition of Rolls-Royce.” Journal of Service Management 23 (3): 416–439. doi:10.1108/09564231211248480.
  • Oliva, R., H. Gebauer, and J. M. Brann. 2012. “Separate or Integrate? Assessing the Impact of Separation between Product and Service Business on Service Performance in Product Manufacturing Firms.” Journal of Business-to-Business Marketing 19 (4): 309–334. doi:10.1080/1051712X.2012.647797.
  • Oliva, R., and R. Kallenberg. 2003. “Managing the Transition from Products to Services.” International Journal of Service Industry Management 14 (2): 160–172. doi:10.1108/09564230310474138.
  • Opresnik, D., and M. Taisch. 2015. “The Value of Big Data in Servitization.” International Journal of Production Economics 165: 174–184. doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2014.12.036.
  • Paiola, M., N. Saccani, M. Perona, and H. Gebauer. 2013. “Moving from Products to Solutions: Strategic Approaches for Developing Capabilities.” European Management Journal 31 (4): 390–409. doi:10.1016/j.emj.2012.10.002.
  • Paré, G., M. C. Trudel, M. Jaana, and S. Kitsiou. 2015. “Synthesizing Information Systems Knowledge: A Typology of Literature Reviews.” Information & Management 52 (2): 183–199. doi:10.1016/j.im.2014.08.008.
  • Parida, V., D. R. Sjödin, J. Wincent, and M. Kohtamäki. 2014. “Mastering the Transition to Product-Service Provision: Insights into Business Models, Learning Activities, and Capabilities.” Research Technology Management 57: 44–52.
  • Parker, A., and J. Tritter. 2006. “Focus Group Method and Methodology: Current Practice and Recent Debate.” International Journal of Research & Method in Education 29: 23–37. doi:10.1080/01406720500537304.
  • Parry, G. C., S. A. Brax, R. S. Maull, and I. C. Ng. 2016. “Operationalising IoT for Reverse Supply: The Development of Use-Visibility Measures.” Supply Chain Management: An International Journal 21: 228–244. doi:10.1108/SCM-10-2015-0386.
  • Pearce, J. A., B. L. Chapman, and F. R. David. 1982. “Environmental Scanning for Small and Growing Firms.” Journal of Small Business Management 20: 27–34.
  • Peillon, S., C. Pellegrin, and P. Burlat. 2015. “Exploring the Servitization Path: A Conceptual Framework and a Case Study from the Capital Goods Industry.” Production Planning & Control 7287: 1–14. doi:10.1080/09537287.2015.1033492.
  • Pettigrew, A. M. 1985. “Contextualist Research and the Study of Organizational Change Processes.” In Doing Research That is Useful in Theory and Practice, edited by Edward Lawler, 222–273. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
  • Pettigrew, A. M. 1987. “Context and Action in the Transformation of the Firm.” Journal of Management Studies 24 (6): 649–670. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6486.1987.tb00467.x.
  • Pettigrew, A. M. 2012. “Context and Action in the Transformation of the Firm: A Reprise.” Journal of Management Studies 49 (7): 1304–1328.
  • Pfeifer, J., and G. Salancik. 1978. The External Control of Companies: A Resource Dependence Perspective. New York, NY: Harper & Row.
  • Prahalad, C. K., and V. Ramaswamy. 2000. “Co-Opting Customer Competence.” Harvard Business Review 78: 79–90.
  • Rabetino, R., M. Kohtamäki, and H. Gebauer. 2016. “Strategy Map of Servitization.” International Journal of Production Economics 192: 144–156. doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2016.11.004.
  • Raddats, C., T. Baines, J. Burton, V. M. Story, and J. Zolkiewski. 2016. “Motivations for Servitization: The Impact of Product Complexity.” International Journal of Operations & Production Management 36: 572–591. doi:10.1108/IJOPM-09-2014-0447.
  • Raddats, C., J. Burton, and R. Ashman. 2015. “Resource Configurations for Services Success in Manufacturing Companies.” Journal of Service Management 26 (1): 97–116. doi:10.1108/JOSM-12-2012-0278.
  • Raja, J. Z., D. Bourne, K. Goffin, M. Çakkol, and V. Martinez. 2013. “Achieving Customer Satisfaction Through Integrated Products and Services: An Exploratory Study.” Journal of Product Innovation Management 30 (6): 1128–1144. doi:10.1111/jpim.12050.
  • Raja, J. Z., S. D. Green, and R. Leiringer. 2010. “Concurrent and Disconnected Change Programmes: Strategies in Support of Servitization and the Implementation of Business Partnering.” Human Resource Management Journal 20: 258–276. doi:10.1111/j.1748-8583.2009.00124.x.
  • Rapaccini, M. 2015. “Pricing Strategies of Service Offerings in Manufacturing Companies: A Literature Review and Empirical Investigation.” Production Planning & Control 26: 1247–1263. doi:10.1080/09537287.2015.1033495.
  • Reim, W., V. Parida, and D. Örtqvist. 2015. “Product-Service Systems (PSS) Business Models and Tactics – a Systematic Literature Review.” Journal of Cleaner Production 97: 61–75. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.07.003.
  • Reim, W., V. Parida, and D. R. Sjödin. 2016. “Risk Management for Product-Service System Operation.” International Journal of Operations & Production Management 36: 665–686. doi:10.1108/IJOPM-10-2014-0498.
  • Roehrich, J. K., and M. A. Lewis. 2010. “Towards a Model of Governance in Complex (Product–Service) Inter‐Organizational Systems.” Construction Management and Economics 28 (11): 1155–1164. doi:10.1080/01446191003762249.
  • Rowe, G., and G. Wright. 1999. “The Delphi Technique as a Forecasting Tool: Issues and Analysis.” International Journal of Forecasting 15 (4): 353–375. doi:10.1016/S0169-2070(99)00018-7.
  • Rowe, G., and G. Wright. 2011. “The Delphi Technique: Past, Present, and Future Prospects — Introduction to the Special Issue.” Technological Forecasting and Social Change 78 (9): 1487–1490. doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2011.09.002.
  • Rowe, G., G. Wright, and F. Bolger. 1991. “Delphi: A Reevaluation of Research and Theory.” Technological Forecasting and Social Change 39 (3): 235–251. doi:10.1016/0040-1625(91)90039-I.
  • Schmenner, R. W. 2009. “Manufacturing, Service, and Their Integration: Some History and Theory.” International Journal of Operations & Production Management 29: 431–443. doi:10.1108/01443570910953577.
  • Schroeder, A., A. Ziaee Bigdeli, C. Galera Zarcos, and T. Baines. 2019. “Capturing the Benefits of Industry 4.0: A Business Network Perspective.” Production Planning & Control 30: 1305–1321. doi:10.1080/09537287.2019.1612111.
  • Sharma, P., and C. Salvato. 2011. “Commentary: Exploiting and Exploring New Opportunities Over Life-Cycle Stages of Family Firms.” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 35 (6): 1199–1205. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6520.2011.00498.x.
  • Siltaloppi, J. 2015. “Framing Service as Ideology and Practice – Cognitive Underpinnings of Service Transformation in Finland’s Residential Sector.” Doctoral diss, July 26. https://aaltodoc.aalto.fi/handle/123456789/18993
  • Sousa, R., and G. J. Da Silveira. 2017. “Capability Antecedents and Performance Outcomes of Servitization: Differences between Basic and Advanced Services.” International Journal of Operations & Production Management 37: 444–467. doi:10.1108/IJOPM-11-2015-0696.
  • Spring, M., and L. Araujo. 2016. “Product Biographies in Servitization and the Circular Economy.” Industrial Marketing Management 60: 1–33. doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2016.07.001.
  • Storbacka, K., C. Windahl, S. Nenonen, and A. Salonen. 2013. “Solution Business Models: Transformation Along Four Continua.” Industrial Marketing Management 42 (5): 705–716. doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2013.05.008.
  • Story, V. M., C. Raddats, J. Burton, J. Zolkiewski, and T. Baines. 2017. “Capabilities for Advanced Services: A Multi-Actor Perspective.” Industrial Marketing Management 60: 54–68. doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2016.04.015.
  • Turoff, M. 1970. “The Design of a Policy Delphi.” Technological Forecasting and Social Change 2 (2): 149–171. doi:10.1016/0040-1625(70)90161-7.
  • Turunen, T., and M. Finne. 2014. “The Organisational Environment’s Impact on the Servitization of Manufacturers.” European Management Journal 32 (4): 603–615. doi:10.1016/j.emj.2013.11.002.
  • Tushman, M. L., and P. Anderson. 1986. “Technological Discontinuities and Organizational Environments.” Administrative Science Quarterly 31 (3): 439–465. doi:10.2307/2392832.
  • Ulaga, W., and W. J. Reinartz. 2011. “Hybrid Offerings: How Manufacturing Firms Combine Goods and Services Successfully.” Journal of Marketing 75 (6): 5–23. doi:10.1509/jmkg.75.6.5.
  • Valtakoski, A. 2017. “Explaining Servitization Failure and Deservitization: A Knowledge-Based Perspective.” Industrial Marketing Management 60: 138–150. doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2016.04.009.
  • Valtakoski, A., and L. Witell. 2018. “Service Capabilities and Servitized SME Performance: Contingency on Firm Age.” International Journal of Operations & Production Management 38: 1144–1164. doi:10.1108/IJOPM-06-2016-0328.
  • Van de Ven, A. H., and A. L. Delbecq. 1971. “Nominal Versus Interacting Group Processes for Committee Decision-Making Effectiveness.” Academy of Management Journal 14: 203–212.
  • Van de Ven, A. H., and A. L. Delbecq. 1972. “The Nominal Group as a Research Instrument for Exploratory Health Studies.” American Journal of Public Health 62 (3): 337–342. doi:10.2105/AJPH.62.3.337.
  • Van de Ven, A. H., and A. L. Delbecq. 1974. “The Effectiveness of Nominal, Delphi, and Interacting Group Decision-Making Processes.” Academy of Management Journal 17 (4): 605–621.
  • Van de Ven, A. H, and S. Poole. 1995. “Explaining Development and Change in Organizations.” The Academy of Management Review 20 (3): 510–540. doi:10.2307/258786.
  • Vidgen, R., S. Shaw, and D. B. Grant. 2017. “Management Challenges in Creating Value from Business Analytics.” European Journal of Operational Research, 261 (2): 626–639.
  • Visnjic Kastalli, I., and B. Van Looy. 2013. “Servitization: Disentangling the Impact of Service Business Model Innovation on Manufacturing Firm Performance.” Journal of Operations Management 31 (4): 169–180. doi:10.1016/j.jom.2013.02.001.
  • Visnjic, I., F. Wiengarten, and A. Neely. 2016. “Only the Brave: Product Innovation, Service Business Model Innovation, and Their Impact on Performance.” Journal of Product Innovation Management 33 (1): 36–52. doi:10.1111/jpim.12254.
  • Weick, K. E., and R. E. Quinn. 1999. “Organizational Change and Development.” Annual Review of Psychology 50 (1): 361–386. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.50.1.361.
  • Windahl, C., and N. Lakemond. 2006. “Developing Integrated Solutions: The Importance of Relationships within the Network.” Industrial Marketing Management 35 (7): 806–818. doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2006.05.010.
  • Windahl, C., and N. Lakemond. 2010. “Integrated Solutions from a Service-Centered Perspective: Applicability and Limitations in the Capital Goods Industry.” Industrial Marketing Management 39 (8): 1278–1290. doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2010.03.001.
  • Windler, K., U. Jüttner, S. Michel, S. Maklan, and E. K. Macdonald. 2017. “Identifying the Right Solution Customers: A Managerial Methodology.” Industrial Marketing Management 60: 173–186. doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2016.03.004.
  • Woudenberg, F. 1991. “An Evaluation of Delphi.” Technological Forecasting and Social Change 40 (2): 131–150. doi:10.1016/0040-1625(91)90002-W.
  • Xiao, J., D. Douglas, A. H. Lee, and S. R. Vemuri. 1997. “A Delphi Evaluation of the Factors Influencing Length of Stay in Australian Hospitals.” The International Journal of Health Planning and Management 12 (3): 207–218. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1751(199707/09)12:3<207::AID-HPM480>3.0.CO;2-V.
  • Xing, Y., Y. Liu, S. Tarba, and C. L. Cooper. 2017. “Servitization in Mergers and Acquisitions: Manufacturing Firms Venturing from Emerging Markets into Advanced Economies.” International Journal of Production Economics 192: 9–18. doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2016.12.010.
  • Yalcinkaya, G., R. J. Calantone, and D. A. Griffith. 2007. “An Examination of Exploration and Exploitation Capabilities: Implications for Product Innovation and Market Performance.” Journal of International Marketing 15 (4): 63–93. doi:10.1509/jimk.15.4.63.
  • Ziaee Bigdeli, A., and T. Baines. 2017. “Organisational Change Towards Servitization: A Theoretical Framework.” Proceedings of the Spring Servitization Conference: Internationalisation Through Servitization, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
  • Ziaee Bigdeli, A.,. T. Baines, A. Schroeder, S. Brown, E. Musson, V. Guang Shi, and A. Calabrese. 2018. “Measuring Servitization Progress and Outcome: The Case of ‘Advanced Services.” Production Planning & Control 29: 315–332. doi:10.1080/09537287.2018.1429029.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.