Computer capacity utilisation – a multilevel perspective on decades of decline

References

• Arthur, W. B. 1989. “Competing Technologies, Increasing Returns, and Lock-in by Historical Events.” Economic Journal 99 (394): 116–131. doi: 10.2307/2234208
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baran, P. 1971. Potential Market Demand for Two-way Information Services to the Home 1970–1990. Menlo Park, CA: Institute for the Future.
   Google Scholar
• Braun, E., and S. Macdonald. 1982. Revolution in Miniature: The History and Impact of Semiconductor Electronics Re-explored in an Updated and Revised Second Edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Byte. 1977. “Advertisement by Technical Systems Consultants.” Byte 25.
   Google Scholar
• Campbell-Kelly, M. 2003. From Airline Reservations to Sonic the Hedgehog: A History of the Software Industry. Cambridge: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Campbell-Kelly, M., and W. Aspray. 1996. Computer: A History of the Information Machine. New York: Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Campbell-Kelly, M., and D. D. Garcia-Swartz. 2008. “Economic Perspectives on the History of the Computer Time-sharing Industry, 1965–1985.” IEEE Annals of the History of Computing 30 (1): 16–36. doi: 10.1109/MAHC.2008.3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ceruzzi, P. E. 1998. A History of Modern Computing. Cambridge: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ceruzzi, P. E. 2002. “Personal Computer Software.” In From 0 to 1: An Authoritative History of Modern Computing, edited by A. Akera and F. Nebeker, XI, 228 s.: ill. New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Chandler, A. D., and T. Hikino. 1990. Scale and Scope: The Dynamics of Industrial Capitalism. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press.
   Google Scholar
• Cortada, J. W. 1996. Information Technology as Business History: Issues in the History and Management of Computers. Westport, CN: Greenwood Press.
   Google Scholar
• Cringely, R. X. 1996. Accidental Empires: How the Boys of Silicon Valley Make their Millions, Battle Foreign Competition, and Still can't Get a Date. London: Penguin.
   Google Scholar
• Datamation. 1966a. “The Computer Utility – A Public Policy Overview.” Datamation 22–39.
   Google Scholar
• Datamation. 1966b. “Time-sharing and Multiprocessing Terminology – Toward Standardized Usage.” Datamation 49–51.
   Google Scholar
• Datamation. 1966c. “Time-sharing Measurement – System & User Characteristics.” Datamation 22–26.
   Google Scholar
• Datamation. 1967. “Ama's Briefing on the Computer Utility – Conference Report.” Datamation 65–67.
   Google Scholar
• Datamation. 1968. “Government Policy Implications in Data Management – What to Do.” Datamation 37–40.
   Google Scholar
• Datamation. 1969. “The ‘69 Time-sharing Gold Rush – Some must Fall.” Datamation.
   Google Scholar
• Datamation. 1977. “Time-sharing – Standards for Time-sharing.” Datamation 139.
   Google Scholar
• Davies, A. 1996. “Innovation in Large Technical Systems: The Case of Telecommunications.” Industrial and Corporate Change 5 (4): 1143–1180. doi: 10.1093/icc/5.4.1143
   Google Scholar
• Englander, I. 2000. The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach. New York: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Fevolden, A. M. 2013. “The Best of Both Worlds? A History of Time-shared Microcomputers, 1977–1983.” IEEE Annals of the History of Computing 35 (1): 23–34. doi: 10.1109/MAHC.2012.36
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geels, F. W. 2002. “Technological Transitions as Evolutionary Reconfiguration Processes: A Multi-level Perspective and a Case-study.” Research Policy 31 (8–9): 1257–1274. doi: 10.1016/S0048-7333(02)00062-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geels, F. W. 2005. “The Dynamics of Transitions in Socio-technical Systems: A Multi-level Analysis of the Transition Pathway from Horse-drawn Carriages to Automobiles (1860–1930).” Technology Analysis & Strategic Management 17 (4): 445–476. doi: 10.1080/09537320500357319
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geels, F. W., and J. Schot. 2007. “Typology of Sociotechnical Transition Pathways.” Research Policy 36 (3): 399–417. doi: 10.1016/j.respol.2007.01.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes, T. P. 1983. Networks of Power: Electrification in Western Society, 1880–1930. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Infoworld. 1980. “Two Current Approaches – Taking Stock of Multiuser Systems.” InfoWorld 15 and 23.
   Google Scholar
• Jackson, T. 1997. Inside Intel: Andy Grove and the Rise of the World's Most Powerful Chip Company. New York: Penguin Putnam.
   Google Scholar
• Langlois, R. N. 1992. “External Economies and Economic Progress – The Case of the Microcomputer Industry.” Business History Review 66 (1): 1–50. doi: 10.2307/3117052
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langlois, R. N., and W. E. Steinmueller. 1999. “The Evolution of Competitive Advantage in the Worldwide Semiconductor Industry, 1947–1996.” In Sources of Industrial Leadership: Studies of Seven Industries, edited by R. R. Nelson and D. C. Mowery, 19–78. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Licklider, J. C. R. 1988. “Man-computer Symbiosis.” In A History of Personal Workstations, edited by A. Goldberg, 131–140. New York: ACM Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mckenney, J. L., R. O. Mason, and D. C. Copeland. 1995. Waves of Change: Business Evolution through Information Technology. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
   Google Scholar
• Nelson, R. R., and S. G. Winter. 1982. An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press.
   Google Scholar
• Newsweek. 2002. “Life in the Grid.” Newsweek, 64–67.
   Google Scholar
• Nightingale, P. 2000. “Economies of Scale in Experimentation: Knowledge and Technology in Pharmaceutical R&D.” Industrial and Corporate Change 9 (2): 315–359. doi: 10.1093/icc/9.2.315
   Google Scholar
• Nightingale, P., T. Brady, A. Davies, and J. Hall. 2003. “Capacity Utilization Revisited: Software, Control and the Growth of Large Technical Systems.” Industrial and Corporate Change 12 (3): 477–517. doi: 10.1093/icc/12.3.477
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norberg, A. L., K. J. Freedman, and J. E. O'neill. 1996. Transforming Computer Technology: Information Processing for the Pentagon, 1962–1986. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
   Google Scholar
• O'Neill, J. E. 1992. “The Evolution of Interactive Computing through Time-sharing and Networking.” Ph.D. diss., University of Minnesota.
   Google Scholar
• Pugh, E. W. 1996. Building IBM: Shaping an Industry and Its Technology. Cambridge: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rip, A., and R. Kemp. 1998. “Technological Change.” In Human Choice and Climate Change, edited by S. Rayner and E. L. Malone, 327–399. Columbus, OH: Battelle Press.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, A., and R. Raven. 2012. “What is Protective Space? Reconsidering Niches in Transitions to Sustainability.” Research Policy 41 (6): 1025–1036. doi: 10.1016/j.respol.2011.12.012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tether, B. S., and J. S. Metcalfe. 2003. “Horndal at Heathrow? Capacity Creation through Co-operation and System Evolution.” Industrial and Corporate Change 12 (3): 437–476. doi: 10.1093/icc/12.3.437
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar