Coicis Semen formula treating monosodium glutamate-induced obesity in mice by alleviating hypothalamic injury

References

• Abarca-Gómez, L., Abdeen, Z. A., Hamid, Z. A., Abu-Rmeileh, N. M., Acosta-Cazares, B., Acuin, C., … Ezzati, M. (2017). Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: A pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128·9 million children, adolescents, and adults. The Lancet, 390, 2627–2642. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32129-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adan, R. A. (2013). Mechanisms underlying current and future anti-obesity drugs. Trends in Neurosciences, 36, 133–140. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2012.12.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amato, M. C., Giordano, C., Galia, M., Criscimanna, A., Vitabile, S., Midiri, M., & Galluzzo, A. (2010). Visceral adiposity index: A reliable indicator of visceral fat function associated with cardiometabolic risk. Diabetes Care, 33, 920–922. doi: 10.2337/dc09-1825
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernardis, L. L., & Patterson, B. D. (1968). Correlation between 'Lee index' and Carcass fat content in weanling and adult female rats with hypothalamic lesions. The Journal of Endocrinology, 40, 527–528. doi: 10.1677/joe.0.0400527
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blitman, N. M., Baron, L. S., Berkenblit, R. G., Schoenfeld, A. H., Markowitz, M., & Freeman, K. (2011). Feasibility of using single-slice MDCT to evaluate visceral abdominal fat in an urban pediatric population. American Journal of Roentgenology, 197, 482–487. doi: 10.2214/AJR.10.5514
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi, E. K., Cho, Y. J., Yang, H. J., Kim, K. S., Lee, I. S., Jang, J. C., … Jang, H. J. (2015). Coix seed extract attenuates the high-fat induced mouse obesity via PPARγ and C/EBPα downregulation. Molecular & Cellular Toxicology, 11, 213–221. doi: 10.1007/s13273-015-0020-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dastagir, G., & Rizvi, M. A. (2016). Review - Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Liquorice). Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 29, 1727–1733.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Després, J.-P., & Lemieux, I. (2006). Abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome. Nature, 444, 881–887. doi: 10.1038/nature05488
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diehl, A. M. (2010). Hepatic complications of obesity. Gastroenterology Clinics of North America, 39, 57–68. doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2009.12.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Douglas, I. J., Langham, J., Bhaskaran, K., Brauer, R., & Smeeth, L. (2013). Orlistat and the risk of acute liver injury: Self controlled case series study in UK clinical Practice Research Datalink. British Medical Journal, 346, f1936. doi: 10.1136/bmj.f1936
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermanussen, M., & Tresguerres, J. A. F. (2003). Does high glutamate intake cause obesity? Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, 16, 965–968.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hioki, C., Yoshida, T., Kogure, A., Yoshimoto, K., & Shimatsu, A. (2010). Growth hormone administration controls body composition associated with changes of thermogenesis in obese KK-Ay mice. The Open Endocrinology Journal, 4, 3–8. doi: 10.2174/1874216501004010003
   Google Scholar
• Hu, H. H., Smith, D. L. Jr, Nayak, K. S., Goran, M. I., & Nagy, T. R. (2010). Identification of brown adipose tissue in mice with fat-water IDEAL-MRI. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 31, 1195–1202. doi: 10.1002/jmri.22162
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, S. O., Yun, S. J., Jung, B., Lee, E. H., Hahm, D. H., Shim, I., & Lee, H. J. (2004). Hypolipidemic effects of crude extract of adlay seed (Coix lachrymajobi var. Mayuen) in obesity rat fed high fat diet: Relations of TNF-alpha and leptin mRNA expressions and serum lipid levels. Life Sciences, 75, 1391–1404. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2004.03.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krentz, A. J., Fujioka, K., & Hompesch, M. (2016). Evolution of pharmacological obesity treatments: Focus on adverse side-effect profiles. Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, 18, 558–570. doi: 10.1111/dom.12657
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lauby-Secretan, B., Scoccianti, C., Loomis, D., Grosse, Y., Bianchini, F., & Straif, K. (2016). Body fatness and cancer–viewpoint of the IARC working group. The New England Journal of Medicine, 375, 794–798. doi: 10.1056/NEJMsr1606602
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, Y., Han, H., Yin, J., Zheng, J., Zhu, X., Li, T., & Yin, Y. (2018). Effects of glutamate and aspartate on growth performance, serum amino acids, and amino acid transporters in piglets. Food and Agricultural Immunology, 29, 675–687. doi: 10.1080/09540105.2018.1437892
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, H., Pei, X., Shi, K., Wang, J., Han, F., & Li, A. (2018). Effects of replacing wheat flour with detoxified ginkgo nut powder on lipid metabolism of obese C57BL/6J male mice. Food and Agricultural Immunology, 29, 39–55. doi: 10.1080/09540105.2017.1358255
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma, H., Zhang, G., Mou, C., Fu, X., & Chen, Y. (2018). Peripheral CB1 receptor neutral antagonist, AM6545, ameliorates hypometabolic obesity and improves adipokine secretion in monosodium glutamate induced obese mice. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 9, 156. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00156
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Machann, J., Horstmann, A., Born, M., Hesse, S., & Hirsch, F. W. (2013). Diagnostic imaging in obesity. Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 27, 261–277. doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2013.02.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer, C. W., Ootsuka, Y., & Romanovsky, A. A. (2017). Body temperature measurements for metabolic phenotyping in mice. Frontiers in Physiology, 8, 520. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00520
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neuschwander-Tetri, B. A. (2007). Fatty liver and the metabolic syndrome. Current Opinion in Gastroenterology, 23, 193–198. doi: 10.1097/MOG.0b013e32801421a9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olney, J. W. (1969). Brain lesions, obesity, and other disturbances in mice treated with monosodium glutamate. Science, 164, 719–721. doi: 10.1126/science.164.3880.719
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olney, J. W., & Ho, O. L. (1970). Brain damage in infant mice following oral intake of glutamate, aspartate or cysteine. Nature, 227, 609–611. doi: 10.1038/227609b0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, C. H., Choi, S. H., Piao, Y., Kim, S., Lee, Y. J., Kim, H. S., … Suh, Y.-H. (2000). Glutamate and aspartate impair memory retention and damage hypothalamic neurons in adult mice. Toxicology Letters, 115, 117–125. doi: 10.1016/S0378-4274(00)00188-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pichiah, P. B., Moon, H. J., Park, J. E., Moon, Y. J., & Cha, Y. S. (2012). Ethanolic extract of seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L) prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice through down-regulation of adipogenic and lipogenic gene expression. Nutrition Research (New York, NY), 32, 856–864. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2012.09.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahman, H. A., Sahib, N. G., Saari, N., Abas, F., Ismail, A., Mumtaz, M. W., & Hamid, A. A. (2017). Anti-obesity effect of ethanolic extract from Cosmos caudatus Kunth leaf in lean rats fed a high fat diet. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 17, 122–138. doi: 10.1186/s12906-017-1640-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberto, C. A., Swinburn, B., Hawkes, C., Huang, T. T., Costa, S. A., Ashe, M., … Brownell, K. D. (2015). Patchy progress on obesity prevention: Emerging examples, entrenched barriers, and new thinking. Lancet (London, England), 385, 2400–2409. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61744-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen, R.-L., Zhang, W.-L., Dong, J.-L., Ren, G.-X., & Chen, M. (2015). Sorghum resistant starch reduces adiposity in high-fat diet-induced overweight and obese rats via mechanisms involving adipokines and intestinal flora. Food and Agricultural Immunology, 26, 120–130. doi: 10.1080/09540105.2013.876976
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thaler, J. P., Yi, C. X., Schur, E. A., Guyenet, S. J., Hwang, B. H., Dietrich, M. O., … Schwartz, M. W. (2012). Obesity is associated with hypothalamic injury in rodents and humans. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 122, 153–162. doi: 10.1172/JCI59660
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, W., Pan, Y., Zhou, H., Wang, L., Chen, X., Song, G., … Li, A. (2018). Ferulic acid suppresses obesity and obesity-related metabolic syndromes in high fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6J mice. Food and Agricultural Immunology, 29, 1116–1125. doi: 10.1080/09540105.2018.1516739
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, X., Zhang, H., Chen, L., Shan, L., Fan, G., & Gao, X. (2013). Liquorice, a unique “guide drug” of traditional Chinese medicine: A review of its role in drug interactions. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 150, 781–790. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.09.055
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weisberg, S. P., McCann, D., Desai, M., Rosenbaum, M., Leibel, R. L., & Ferrante, A. W. Jr (2003). Obesity is associated with macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 112, 1796–1808. doi: 10.1172/JCI200319246
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, J., Kim, C. S., Tu, T. H., Kim, M. S., Goto, T., Kawada, T., … Yun, J. W. (2017). Quercetin protects obesity-induced hypothalamic inflammation by reducing microglia-mediated inflammatory responses via HO-1 induction. Nutrients, 9, 650. doi: 10.3390/nu9070650
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu, H., Shimakawa, A., McKenzie, C. A., Brodsky, E., Brittain, J. H., & Reeder, S. B. (2008). Multiecho water-fat separation and simultaneous R2* estimation with multifrequency fat spectrum modeling. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 60, 1122–1134. doi: 10.1002/mrm.21737
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu, F., Zhang, J., Li, Y. Z., Zhao, Z. Y., & Liu, C. X. (2017). Research and application of adlay in medicinal field. Chinese Herbal Medicines, 9, 126–133. doi: 10.1016/S1674-6384(17)60086-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yudkin, J. S., Stehouwer, C. D., Emeis, J. J., & Coppack, S. W. (1999). C-reactive protein in healthy subjects: Associations with obesity, insulin resistance, and endothelial dysfunction: A potential role for cytokines originating from adipose tissue? Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 19, 972–978. doi: 10.1161/01.ATV.19.4.972
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yun, S. N., Moon, S. J., Ko, S. K., Im, B. O., & Chung, S. H. (2004). Wild ginseng prevents the onset of high-fat diet induced hyperglycemia and obesity in ICR mice. Archives of Pharmacal Research, 27, 790–796. doi: 10.1007/BF02980150
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, Y., Kao, C. P., Liao, C. R., Wu, K. C., Zhou, X., Ho, Y. L., & Chang, Y. S. (2017). Chemical compositions, chromatographic fingerprints and antioxidant activities of Citri Exocarpium Rubrum (Juhong). Chinese Medicine, 12, 6. doi: 10.1186/s13020-017-0127-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, L., Zhu, X., Cong, R., Yang, X., & Zhu, Y. (2018). The protective effects of Danggui-Baizhu-Tang on high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice by activating thermogenesis. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 9, 1019–1029. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar