The burden of HIV-related illness on outpatient health services in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

References

• Arthur , G. , Bhatt , S. , Muhindi , D. , Achiya , G. , Kariuki , S. and Gilks , C. 2000 . The changing impact of HIV/AIDS on Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi from 1988/89 through 1992 to 1997 . AIDS , 14 : 1625 – 31 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benatar , S. 2004 . Health care reform and the crisis of HIV and AIDS in South Africa . The New England Journal of Medicine , 351 : 81 – 92 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chibatamoto , P. , Chandiwana , S. , Sabeta , C. and Gomo , E. 1996 . Retrospective study on the criteria for diagnosis of HIV infection in adults in Zimbabwe . Central African Journal of Medicine , 42 : 141 – 4 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Colvin , M. , Dawood , S. , Kleinschmidt , I. , Mullick , S. and Lallo , U. 2001 . Prevalence of HIV and HIV-related diseases on the adult medical wards of a tertiary hospital in Durban, South Africa . International Journal of STD and AIDS , 12 : 386 – 9 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dawes , R. 2003 . Investigating the interface between health system reform and HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa: an approach for improving the fight against the epidemic . African Journal of AIDS Research , 2 : 23 – 31 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Decosas , J. and Whiteside , A. 1996 . The effect of HIV on health care in sub-Saharan Africa . Development Southern Africa , 13 : 89 – 100 .
   Google Scholar
• Dorrington , R. , Bradshaw , D. , Johnson , L. , & Budlender , D. (2004) . The demographic impact of HIV/AIDS in South Africa: National indicators for 2004 . Cape Town , Centre for Acturarial Research and South African Medical Research Council .
   Google Scholar
• Drummond , M. , O'Brien , B. , Stoddart , G. and Torrance , G. 1997 . Methods for the economic evaluation of health care programmes , 2nd ed , New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Fabiani , M. , Accorsi , S. , Aleni , R. , Rizzardini , G. , Nattabi , B. , Gabrielli , A. , Opira , C. and Declich , S. 2003 . Estimating HIV prevalence and the impact of HIV/AIDS on a Ugandan hospital by combining serosurvey data and hospital discharge records . Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology , 34 : 62 – 6 .
   Google Scholar
• Guiness , L. , Arthur , G. , Bhatt , S. , Achiya , G. , Kariuki , S. and Gilks , C. 2002 . Costs of hospital care for HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients at Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya . AIDS , 16 : 901 – 8 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen , K. , Chapman , G. , Chitsike , I. , Kasilo , O. and Mwaluko , G. 2000 . The costs of HIV/AIDS care at government hospitals in Zimbabwe . Health Policy and Planning , 15 : 432 – 40 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hassig , S. , Perriens , J. , Baende , E. , Kahotwa , M. , Bishagara , K. , Kinkela , N. and Kapita , B. 1990 . An analysis of the economic impact of HIV infection among patients at Mama Yemo Hospital, Kinshasa, Zaire . AIDS , 4 : 883 – 7 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kinghorn , A. , Lee , T. , Karstaedt , A. , Khuonane , B. and Schneider , H. 1996 . Care of HIV-infected adults at Baragwanath Hospital, Soweto. Part I: Clinical management and costs of outpatient care . South African Medical Journal , 86 : 1484 – 9 .
   Google Scholar
• Lutge , E. , Naidoo , K. , & Jinabhai , C. (2004) . An assessment of the appropriateness of hospital outpatient utilisation in the Durban metro region . Public Health Conference 2004 , Durban , South Africa .
   Google Scholar
• Metrikin , A. , Zwarenstein , M. , Steinberg , M. , van der Vyver , E. , Maartens , G. and Wood , R. 1995 . Is HIV/AIDS a primary-care disease? Appropriate levels of outpatient care for patients with HIV/AIDS . AIDS , 9 : 619 – 23 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyers , T. , Pettifor , J. , Gray , G. , Crewe-Brown , H. and Galpin , J. 2000 . Pediatric admissions with human immunodeficiency virus infection at a regional hospital in Soweto, South Africa . Journal of Tropical Pediatrics , 46 : 224 – 230 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mowatt , R. , & Quinlan , T. (2003) . A rapid appraisal of the cost of HIV/AIDS treatment to the KwaZulu-Natal public health services . Durban , Health Economics and HIV/AIDS Research Division .
   Google Scholar
• Pillay , K. , Colvin , M. , Williams , R. and Coovadia , H. 2001 . Impact of HIV-1 infection in South Africa . Archives of Disease in Childhood , 85 : 50 – 1 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shisana , O. , Hall , E. , Maluleke , K. , Stoker , D. , Schwage , C. , Colvin , M. , Chauveau , J. , Botha , C. , Gumede , T. , Fomundam , H. , Shaikh , N. , Rehle , T. , Udjo , E. , & Gisselquist , D. (2003) . The impact of HIV/AIDS on the health sector: National survey of health personnel, ambulatory and hospitalised patients and health facilities, 2002, Report prepared for South African Department of Health .
   Google Scholar
• Tembo , G. , Friesan , H. , Asiimwe-Okiror , G. , Moser , R. , Naamara , W. , Bakyaita , N. and Musinguzi , J. 1994 . Bed occupancy due to HIV/AIDS in an urban hospital medical ward in Uganda . AIDS , 8 : 1169 – 71 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas , S. and Gilson , L. 2004 . Actor management in the development of health financing reform: health insurance in South Africa, 1994–1999 . Health Policy and Planning , 19 : 279 – 91 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO (2002) . Scaling up antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings: Guidelines for a public health approach . Geneva : World Health Organisation .
   Google Scholar
• Willoughby , R. , Sahr , F. , Russell , J. and Gbakima , A. 2001 . The usefulness of defined clinical features in the diagnosis of HIV/AIDS infection in Sierra Leone . Cellular and Molecular Biology , 47 : 1163 – 7 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeung , S. , Wilkinson , D. and Gilks , C. 2000 . Paediatric HIV infection in a rural South African district hospital . Journal of Tropical Pediatrics , 46 : 107 – 10 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar