AIDS-defining opportunistic illnesses in the HAART era in New York City

References

• Arnsten , J.H. , Demas , P.A. Grant , R.W. 2002 . Impact of active drug use on antiretroviral therapy adherence and viral suppression in HIV-infected drug users . Journal of General Internal Medicine , 17 : 377 – 381 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Babiker , A. , Darbyshire , J. Pezzotti , P. 2002 . Changes over calendar time in the risk of specific first AIDS-defining events following HIV seroconversion, adjusting for competing risks . International Journal of Epidemiology , 31 : 951 – 958 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CDC . 1992 . 1993 revised classification system for HIV infection and expanded surveillance case definition for AIDS among adolescents and adults . Mortality and Morbidity Weekly Report, Recommendations and Reports , 41 : 1 – 19 .
   Google Scholar
• Chadborn , T.R. , Baster , K. Delpech , V.C. 2005 . No time to wait: How many HIV-infected homosexual men are diagnosed late and consequently die? (England and Wales, 1993–2002) . AIDS , 19 : 513 – 520 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaisson , R.E. , Gallant , J.E. Keruly , J.C. 1998 . Impact of opportunistic disease on survival in patients with HIV infection . AIDS , 12 : 29 – 33 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charurat , M. , Blattner , W. Hershow , R. 2004 . Changing trends in clinical AIDS presentations and survival among HIV-1-infected women . Journal of Women's Health , 13 : 719 – 730 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen , M. , Glynn , M.K. , & Gerstle , J.E. ( 2005 ). Completeness of ascertainment of HIV transmission risk factors among adult and adolescent HIV/AIDS cases, selected states in the US, 2002–2003 . Paper presented at the National HIV Prevention Conference , Atlanta , GA .
   Google Scholar
• Cochran , W.G. 1977 . Sampling techniques , 3rd edition , New York : John Wiley and Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Detels , R. , Tarwater , P. Phair , J.P. 2001 . Effectiveness of potent antiretroviral therapies on the incidence of opportunistic infections before and after AIDS diagnosis . AIDS , 15 : 347 – 355 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dore , G.J. , Li , Y. Mcdonald , A. 2002 . Impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy on individual AIDS-defining illness incidence and survival in Australia . Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes , 29 : 388 – 395 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dybul , M. , Fauci , A.S. Bartlett , J.G. 2002 . Guidelines for using antiretroviral agents among HIV-infected adults and adolescents . Annals of Internal Medicine , 137 : 381 – 433 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frieden , T.R. , Das-Douglas , M. Kellerman , S.E. 2005 . Applying public health principles to the HIV epidemic . New England Journal of Medicine , 353 : 2397 – 2402 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gebo , K.A. , Chaisson , R.E. Folkemer , J.G. 1999 . Costs of HIV medical care in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy . AIDS , 13 : 963 – 969 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gebo , K.A. , Fleishman , J.A. and Moore , R.D. 2005 . Hospitalizations for metabolic conditions, opportunistic infections and injection drug use among HIV patients: Trends between 1996 and 2000 in 12 states . Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes , 40 : 609 – 616 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HIV Epidemiology Program—NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene ( 2005 ). New York City HIV/AIDS surveillance statistics 2004 . Available at : http://www.nyc.gov/html/doh/html/ah/hivtables2004.shtml
   Google Scholar
• CDC . ( 2005 ). HIV prevalence, unrecognized infection and HIV testing among men who have sex with men in five US cities, June 2004–April 2005 . Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report , 52 , 597 – 601 .
   Google Scholar
• Jones , J. L. , Hanson , D. L. Dworkin , M. S. 1999 . Surveillance for AIDS-defining opportunistic illnesses, 1992–1997 . Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, CDC Surveillance Summaries , 48 : 1 – 22 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kaplan , J. E. , Masur , H. and Holmes , K. K. 2002 . Guidelines for preventing opportunistic infections among HIV-infected persons—2002. Recommendations of the US Public Health Service and the Infectious Diseases Society of America . Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Recommendations and Reports , 51 : 1 – 52 .
   Google Scholar
• Landis , S. E. , Schoenbach , V. J. Weber , D. J. 2000 . Results of a randomized trial of partner notification in cases of HIV infection in North Carolina . New England Journal of Medicine , 342 : 101 – 106 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CDC . ( 2003 ). Late versus early testing of HIV in 16 sites in the US, 2000–2003 . Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report , 52 , 581 – 586 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lee , J.H. , Mitchell , B. , Nolt , B. , et al. ( 1999 ). Targeted opt-in versus routine opt-out HIV testing in an STD clinic [abstract 153] . Paper presented at the 1999 National Prevention Conference , Atlanta , GA .
   Google Scholar
• Lee , L.M. , McKenna , M.T. and Janssen , R.S. 2003 . Classification of transmission risk in the national HIV/AIDS surveillance system . Public Health Reports , 118 : 400 – 407 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Longo , B. , Pezzotti , P. Boros , S. 2005 . Increasing proportion of late testers among AIDS cases in Italy, 1996–2002 . AIDS Care , 17 : 834 – 841 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manfredi , R. , Calza , L. and Chiodo , F. 2001 . Lack of change in the distribution of AIDS-defining opportunistic diseases and the related degree of immunodeficiency during the periods before and after the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy . European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases , 20 : 410 – 413 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• New York State Department of Health ( 2006 ). HIV uninsured care programs—summary . Available at: http://www.health.state.ny.us/diseases/aids/resources/adap/
   Google Scholar
• New York State Department of Health AIDS Institute ( 2004 ). Aspects of primary care for the HIV-infected substance user . Available at : http://www.hivguidelines.org/public_html/sub-primca/sub-primca.htm
   Google Scholar
• Osmond , D.H. , Chin , D.P. Glassroth , J. 1999 . Impact of bacterial pneumonia and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia on human immunodeficiency virus disease progression. Pulmonary Complications of HIV Study Group . Clinical Infectious Diseases , 29 : 536 – 543 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palella , F.J. Jr , Delaney , K.M. Moorman , A.C. 1998 . Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. HIV Outpatient Study Investigators . New England Journal of Medicine , 338 : 853 – 860 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palella , F.J. Jr , Deloria-Knoll , M. Chmiel , J.S. 2003 . Survival benefit of initiating antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected persons in different CD4+ cell strata . Annals of Internal Medicine , 138 : 620 – 626 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paltiel , A.D. , Weinstein , M.C. Kimmel , A.D. 2005 . Expanded screening for HIV in the United States—an analysis of cost-effectiveness . New England Journal of Medicine , 352 : 586 – 595 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paterson , D.L. , Swindells , S. Mohr , J. 2000 . Adherence to protease inhibitor therapy and outcomes in patients with HIV infection . Annals of Internal Medicine , 133 : 21 – 30 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perlman , D.C. , Des Jarlais , D.C. Salomon , N. 1997 . Preventing opportunistic infections in HIV-infected injection drug users . Journal of the American Medical Association , 278 : 1743 – 1744 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sackoff , J.E. , McFarland , J.W. and Shin , S.S. 2000 . Trends in prescriptions for highly active antiretroviral therapy in four New York City HIV clinics . Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes , 23 : 178 – 183 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seage , G.R. 3rd , Losina , E. Goldie , S.J. 2002 . The relationship of preventable opportunistic infections, HIV-1 RNA and CD4 cell counts to chronic mortality . Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes , 30 : 421 – 428 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simpson , W.M. , Johnstone , F.D. Goldberg , D.J. 1999 . Antenatal HIV testing: Assessment of a routine voluntary approach . British Medical Journal , 318 : 1660 – 1661 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whalen , C. , Horsburgh , C.R. Hom , D. 1995 . Accelerated course of human immunodeficiency virus infection after tuberculosis . American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , 151 : 129 – 135 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization ( 1993 ). International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems, 10th revision . Geneva : World Health Organization .
   Google Scholar
• Yazdanpanah , Y. , Chene , G. Losina , E. 2001 . Incidence of primary opportunistic infections in two human immunodeficiency virus-infected French clinical cohorts . International Journal of Epidemiology , 30 : 864 – 871 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeni , P.G. , Hammer , S.M. Carpenter , C.C. 2002 . Antiretroviral treatment for adult HIV infection in 2002: Updated recommendations of the International AIDS Society-USA Panel . Journal of the American Medical Association , 288 : 222 – 235 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeni , P.G. , Hammer , S.M. Hirsch , M.S. 2004 . Treatment for adult HIV infection: 2004 recommendations of the International AIDS Society-USA Panel . Journal of the American Medical Association , 292 : 251 – 265 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar