Differences between HIV-positive gay men who ‘frequently’, ‘sometimes’ or ‘never’ engage in unprotected anal intercourse with serononconcordant casual partners: Positive Health cohort, Australia

References

• Bochow , M. , Chiarotti , P. , Davies , F. , Dubois-Arber , F. , Dur , W. Fouchard , J. 1994 . Sexual behaviour of gay and bisexual men in eight European countries . AIDS Care , 6 : 533 – 549 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bolding , G. , Davis , M. , Hart , G. , Sherr , L. and Elford , J. 2005 . Gay men who look for sex on the Internet: Is there more HIV/STI risk with online partners? . AIDS , 19 : 961 – 968 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calzavara , L. , Burchell , A.N. , Remis , R.S. , Major , C. , Corey , P. , Myers , T. , et al. , & the Polaris Study Team ( 2003 ). Delayed application of condoms is a risk factor for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection among homosexual and bisexual men . American Journal of Epidemiology , 157 , 210 – 217 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen , S.Y. , Gibson , S. , Katz , M.H. , Klausner , J.D. , Dilley , J.W. Schwarcz , S.K. 2002 . Continuing increases in sexual risk behavior and sexually transmitted diseases among gay men who have sex with men: San Francisco, California, 1999–2001 . American Journal of Public Health , 92 : 1387 – 1388 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coxon , A.P.M. 1999 . Parallel accounts: Discrepancies between self-report (diary) and recall (questionnaire) measures of the same sexual behaviour . AIDS Care , 11 : 221 – 234 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coxon , A.P.M. and McManus , T.J. 2000 . How many account for how much? Concentration of high-risk sexual behaviour among gay men . Journal of Sex Research , 37 : 1 – 7 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crawford , I. , Hammack , P.L. , McKirnan , D.J. , Ostrow , D. , Zamboni , B.D. Robinson , B. 2003 . Sexual sensation seeking, reduced concern about HIV and sexual risk behaviour among gay men in primary relationships . AIDS Care , 15 : 513 – 524 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crawford , J. , Kippax , S. , Mao , L. , Van De Ven , P. , Prestage , G. Grulich , A. 2006 . Number of risk acts by relationship status and partner serostatus: Data from the HIM cohort of homosexualy active men in Sydney, Australia . AIDS and Behavior , 10 : 325 – 331 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crepaz , N. , Hart , T.A. and Marks , G. 2004 . Highly active antiretroviral therapy and sexual risk behavior: A meta-analytic review . Journal of the American Medical Association , 292 : 224 – 236 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desquilbet , L. , Deveau , C. , Goujard , C. , Hubert , J-B. , Derouineau , J. , Meyer , L. , & the Primo Cohort Study Group ( 2002 ). Increase in at-risk sexual behaviour among HIV-1-infected patients followed in the French PRIMO cohort . AIDS , 16 , 2329 – 2333 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dukers , N.H.T.M. , Goudsmit , J. , De Wit , J.B.F. , Prins , M. , Weverling , G-J. and Coutinho , R.A. 2001 . Sexual risk behaviour relates to the virological and immunological improvements during highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1 infection . AIDS , 15 : 369 – 378 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elford , J. , Bolding , G. and Sherr , L. 2002 . High-risk sexual behaviour increases among London gay men between 1998 and 2001: What is the role of HIV optimism? . AIDS , 16 : 1537 – 1544 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elford , J. 2004 . HIV treatment optimism and high-risk sexual behaviour among gay men: The attributable population risk . AIDS , 18 : 2216 – 2217 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flowers , P. , Duncan , B. and Frankis , J. 2000 . Community, responsibiluity and culpability: HIV risk-Management amongst Scottish gay men . Journal of Community , 10 : 285 – 300 .
   Google Scholar
• Fogarty , A. , Mao , L. , Zablotska , I. , Salter , M. , Santana , H. Prestage , G. 2006 . The Health in Men and Positive Health cohorts: A comparison of trends in the health and sexual behaviour of HIV-negative and HIV-positive gay men, 2002–2005 (Monograph 1/2006) , Sydney : National Centre in HIV Social Research, University of New South Wales .
   Google Scholar
• Gilbart , V.L. , Williams , D.I. , MacDonald , N.D. , Rogers , P.A. , Evans , B.G. Hart , G. 2000 . Social and behavioural factors associated with HIV seroconversion in homosexual men attending a central London STD clinic: A feasibility study . AIDS Care , 12 : 49 – 58 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gold , R.S. and Skinner , M.J. 1992 . Situational factors and thought processes associated with unprotected intercourse in young gay men . AIDS , 6 : 1021 – 1030 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Golden , M.R. , Brewer , D.D. , Kurth , A. , Holmes , K.K. and Handsfield , H. 2004 . Importance of sex partner HIV status in HIV risk assessment among men who have sex with men . Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome , 36 : 734 – 742 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grulich , A. , Prestage , G.P. , Kippax , S.C. , Crawford , J.M. , & Van De Ven , P.G. ( 1998 ). HIV serostatus of sexual partners of HIV-positive and HIV-negative homosexual men in Sydney . AIDS , 12 , 2508 (letter) .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoff , C.C. , Stall , R. , Paul , J. , Acree , M. , Daigke , D. Phillips , K. 1997 . Differences in sexual behavior among HIV discordant and concordant gay men in primary relationships . Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology , 14 : 72 – 78 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Holmes , W.C. and Pace , J.L. 2002 . HIV-seropositive individuals’ optimistic beliefs about prognosis and relation to medication and safe sex adherence . Journal of General Internal Medicine , 17 : 677 – 683 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalichman , S.C. , Rompa , D. , Luke , W. and Austin , J. 2002 . HIV-transmission risk behaviours among HIV-positive persons in serodiscordant relationships . International Journal of STD & AIDS , 13 : 677 – 682 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly , J.A. , Hoffmann , R.G. , Rompa , D. and Gray , M. 1998 . Protease inhibitor combination therapies and perceptions of gay men regarding AIDS severity and the need to maintain safer sex . AIDS , 12 : F91 – F95 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim , A.A. , Kent , C.K. and Klausner , J.D. 2002 . Increased risk of HIV and sexually transmitted disease transmission among gay or bisexual men who use Viagra, San Francisco 2000–2001 . AIDS , 16 : 1425 – 1428 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kippax , S. , Campbell , D. , Van De Ven , P. , Crawford , J. , Prestage , G. Knox , S. 1998 . Cultures of sexual adventurism as markers of HIV seroconversion: A case control study in a cohort of Sydney gay men . AIDS Care , 10 : 677 – 688 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mao , L. , Crawford , J. , Van De Ven , P. , Prestage , G. , Grulich , A. Kaldor , J. 2006 . Differences between men who report frequent, occasional or no unprotected anal intercourse with casual partners among a cohort of HIV-seronegative gay men in Sydney, Australia . AIDS Care , 18 : 942 – 951 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLaws , M-L. , Oldenburg , B. , Ross , M.W. and Cooper , D.A. 1990 . Sexual behaviour in AIDS-related research: Reliability and validity of recall and diary measures . The Journal of Sex Research , 27 : 265 – 281 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Centre in HIV Epidemiology And Clinical Research ( 2006 ). HIV/AIDS, viral hepatitis and sexually transmissible infections in Australia, annual surveillance report 2006, Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Canberra, ACT . Sydney , NSW : University of New South Wales .
   Google Scholar
• Prestage , G. , Van De Ven , P. , Grulich , A. , Knox , S. , Crawford , J. and Kippax , S. 2000 . Sydney men and sexual health: Changes in behaviour over time , Sydney , NSW : National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research & National Centre in HIV Social Research .
   Google Scholar
• Rawstorne , P. , Prestage , G. , Grierson , J. , Song , A. , Grulich , A. and Kippax , S. 2005 . Trends and predictors of HIV-positive community attachment among PLWHA . AIDS Care , 17 : 589 – 600 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richters , J. (Ed.) ( 2006 ). HIV/AIDS, hepatitis and sexually transmissible infections in Australia: Annual report of trends in behaviour 2006 (Monograph 3/2006) . Sydney , NSW : National Centre in HIV Social Research, University of New South Wales .
   Google Scholar
• Rothenberg , R.B. , Potterat , J.J. and Woodhouse , D.E. 1996 . Personal risk taking and the spread of disease: Beyond core groups . Journal of Infectious Diseases , 174 ( Suppl. 2 ) : S144 – S149 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Semple , S.J. , Patterson , T.L. and Grant , I. 2003 . HIV-positive gay and bisexual men: Predictors of unsafe sex . AIDS Care , 15 : 3 – 15 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Semple , S.J. , Patterson , T.L. and Grant , I. 2004 . A comparison of injection and non-injection methamphetamine-using HIV-positive men who have sex with men . Drug and Alcohol Dependence , 76 : 203 – 212 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sherr , L. , Bolding , G. , Maguire , M. and Elford , J. 2000 . Viagra use and sexual risk behaviour among gay men in London . AIDS , 14 : 2051
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stall , R.D. , Hays , R.B. , Waldo , C.R. , Ekstrand , M. and McFarland , W. 2000 . The gay ‘90s: A review of research in the 1990s on sexual behaviour and HIV risk among men who have sex with men . AIDS , 14 ( Suppl. 3 ) : S101 – S114 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stephenson , J.M. , Imrie , J. , Davis , M.M.D. , Mercer , C. , Black , S. Copas , A.J. 2003 . Is use of antiretroviral therapy among homosexual men associated with increased risk of transmission of HIV infection? . Sexually Transmitted Infections , 79 : 7 – 10 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stolte , I.G. , Dukers , H.T.M. , Geskus , R.B. , Coutinho , R.A. and De Wit , J.B.F. 2004 . Homosexual men change to risky sex when perceiving less threat of HIV/AIDS since availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy: A longitudinal study . AIDS , 18 : 303 – 309 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stolte , I.G. , De Wit , J.B.F. , Van Eeden , A. , Coutinho , R.A. and Dukers , N.H.T.M. 2004 . Perceived viral load, but not actual HIV-1-RNA load, is associated with sexual risk behaviour among HIV-infected homosexual men . AIDS , 18 : 1943 – 1949 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas , J.C. and Tucker , M.J. 1996 . The development and use of the concept of a sexually transmitted disease core . Journal of Infectious Diseases , 174 ( Suppl. 2 ) : S134 – S143 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vanable , P.A. , Ostrow , D.G. and McKirnan , D.J. 2003 . Viral load and HIV treatment attitudes as corelates of sexual risk behavior among HIV-positive gay men . Journal of Psychosomatic Research , 54 : 263 – 269 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van De Ven , P. , Kippax , S. , Crawford , J. , French , J. , Prestage , G. Grulich , A. 1997 . Sexual practices in a broad cross-sectional sample of Sydney gay men . Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health , 21 : 762 – 774 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van De Ven , P. , Crawford , J. , Kippax , S. , Knox , S. and Prestage , G. 2000 . A scale of optimism-scepticism in the context of HIV treatments . AIDS Care , 12 : 171 – 176 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van De Ven , P. , Rawstorne , P. , Crawford , J. and Kippax , S. 2002 . Increasing proportions of Australian gay and homosexually active men engage in unprotected anal intercourse with regular and casual partners . AIDS Care , 14 : 335 – 341 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van De Ven , P. , Kippax , S. , Crawford , J. , Rawstorne , P. , Prestage , G. Grulich , A. 2002 . In a minority of gay men, sexual risk practice indicates strategic positioning for perceived risk reduction rather than unbridled sex . AIDS Care , 14 : 471 – 480 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van De Ven , P. , Rawstorne , P. , Treloar , C. , & Richters , J. (Eds) ( 2004 ). HIV/AIDS, hepatitis sexually transmissible infections in Australia: Annual report of behaviour, 2004 . Sydney , NSW : National Centre in HIV Social Research, University of New South Wales .
   Google Scholar
• Van De Ven , P. , Mao , L. , Fogarty , A. , Rawstorne , P. , Crawford , J. Prestage , J. 2004 . Undetectable viral load is associated with sexual risk taking in HIV serodiscordant gay couples in Sydney . AIDS , 19 : 179 – 184 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vittinghoff , E. , Douglas , J. , Judson , F. , McKirnan , D. , MacQueen , K. and Buchbinder , S.P. 1999 . Per-contact risk of human immunodeficiency virus transmission between male sexual partners . American Journal of Epidemiology , 150 : 306 – 311 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warner , L. , Newman , D.R. , Austin , H.D. , Kamb , M.L. , Douglas , J.M. Jr Malotte , C.K. 2004 . Condom effectiveness for reducing transmission of gonorrhea and chlamydia: The importance of assessing partner infection status . American Journal of Epidemiology , 159 : 242 – 250 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williamson , L.M. , & Hart , G.J. ( 2004 ). HIV optimism does not explain increases in high-risk sexual behaviour among gay men in Scotland . AIDS , (18) , 834 – 835 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar