When good news is bad news: psychological impact of false positive diagnosis of HIV

References

• Altrah , H.I. , Parry , J.V. , Gough , D. , Tosswill , J. and Ala , F.A. 1995 . Management of blood donors whose donations are repeatedly falsely positive by the HIV antibody screening test . Journal of Clinical Pathology , 48 : 865 – 867 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brewer , N.T. , Salz , T. and Lillie , S.E. 2007 . Systemic review: The long term effects of false positive mammograms . Annals of Internal Medicine , 146 ( 7 ) : 502 – 510 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brockes , E. ( 2001 , January 13 ) . Death after false cancer diagnosis . The Guardian , p. 10 .
   Google Scholar
• Catalan , J. 1995 . Psychological interventions in infection with the human immunodeficiency virus . The British Journal of Psychiatry , 167 ( 1 ) : 104 – 111 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Department of Health ( 1996 ) Guidelines for pre-test discussion on HIV testing. Department of Health, United Kingdom . Retrieved from http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Lettersandcirculars/Professionalletters/Chiefofficerletters/DH_4004038 .
   Google Scholar
• Doran , T.I. and Parra , E. 2000 . False-positive and indeterminate human immunodeficiency virus test results in pregnant women . Archives of Family Medicine , 9 : 924 – 929 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gallagher , I. ( 2005 , November 13 ) . First man in world . The Mail on Sunday , p. 6 .
   Google Scholar
• General Medical Council . ( 1997 ) . Serious communicable diseases . Retrieved from http://www.gmc-uk.org/guidance/current/library/serious_communicable_diseases.asp .
   Google Scholar
• Gill , J.M. , Rachlis , A. and Anand , C. 1991 . Five cases of erroneously diagnosed HIV infection . Canadian Medical Association Journal , 145 : 1593 – 1595 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• James , T. ( 2007 , May 7 ) The good news: Doctor got it wrong and I am not dying. The bad news: I spent all my money on a farewell spree . Daily Mail , p. 21 .
   Google Scholar
• Kleinman , S. Busch , M.P. Hall , L. Thomson , R. Glynn , S. Gallahan , D. Ownby , H.E. & Williams , A.E. for the Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study . ( 1998 ). False positive HIV-1 test results in a low risk setting of voluntary blood donation. Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study . Journal of the American Medical Association , 280 ( 12 ), 1080 – 1085 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leiberich , P. 1997 . Longitudinal development of distress, coping and quality of life in HIV-positive persons . Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics , 66 ( 5 ) : 237 – 247 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magee , L.A. 1999 . False-positive result in antenatal HIV screening, Letters Correspondence . Canadian Medical Association Journal , 160 ( 9 ) : 1285
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marzuk , P. 1991 . Suicidal behaviour and HIV illnesses . International Review of Psychiatry , 3 : 365 – 371 .
   Google Scholar
• Mayer , K.B. and Pauker , S.G. 1987 . Screening for HIV; Can we afford the false positive rate . The New England Journal of Medicine , 317 : 238 – 240 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mylonakis , E. , Paliou , M. , Greenbough , T.C. , Flaningan , T.P. , Letvin , N.L. and Rich , J.D. 2000 . Report of false positive HIV test result and the potential use of additional tests in establishing HIV serostatus . Archive of Internal Medicine , 160 : 2386 – 2388 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Owens , D.K. 1996 . A meta-analytic evaluation of the polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of HIV infection in infants . Journal of the American Medical Association , 275 ( 17 ) : 1342 – 1348 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology (POST) . ( 2003 ) . Medical self test kits . Retrieved from http://www.parliament.uk/post/pn194.pdf .
   Google Scholar
• Pedersen , S.S. and Elkit , A. 1998 . Traumatisation, psychological defence style, coping, symptomatology in HIV-positive: A pilot study . Scandinavian Journal of Psychology , 39 ( 2 ) : 55 – 60 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perry , S. , Jacobsberg , L. and Fishman , B. 1990 . Suicidal ideation and HIV testing . Journal of the American Medical Association , 263 : 679 – 682 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perry , S. , Jacobsberg , L. , Fishman , B. , Frances , A. , Bobo , J. and Jacobsberg , B.K. 1990 . Psychiatric diagnosis before serological testing for the human immunodeficiency virus . American Journal of Psychiatry , 147 : 89 – 93 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogstad , K.E. Palfreeman , A. Rooney , G. Hart , G. Lowbury , R. Mortimer , P. Carter , P. Jarrett , S. Stewart , E. Summerside , J. from the Clinical Effectiveness Group; British Association of Sexual Health and HIV ( 2006 ) United Kingdom National Guidelines on HIV Testing 2006, Clinical Effectiveness Group: British Association of Sexual Health and HIV . Retrieved from www.bashh.org/guidelines/2006/hiv_testing_june06.pdf .
   Google Scholar
• Sommer , S. 2004 . Systemic lupus erythematosus or infection with HIV, or both? . Clinical and Experimental Dermatology , 29 ( 4 ) : 393 – 395 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson , A. 1999 . A Case Study of some medicolegal issues in HIV Testing , The AIDS letter, 73, June/July 1999 , p. 1 – 2 .
   Google Scholar
• Tyson , E. and Fortenberry , J.D. 1987 . Fraudulent AIDS: A variant of Munchausen's syndrome . Journal of the American Medical Association , 258 : 2063 – 2064 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UNAIDS and WHO . ( 2004 , June ) . UNAIDS/WHO Policy Statement on HIV testing . Retrieved from http://www.who.int/rpc/research_ethics/hivtestingpolicy_en_pdf.pdf .
   Google Scholar
• US FDA . ( 2006 , April ) . Testing yourself for HIV-1, the virus that causes AIDS. U.S. Food and Drug Administration . Retrieved from http://www.fda.gov/cber/infosheets/hiv-home2.htm .
   Google Scholar
• Vernon , A. 1987 . AIDS wrongly diagnosed, Letters to the Editor . Journal of American Medical Association , 258 ( 15 ) : 2063 – 2064 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weber , J. 1997 . Distinguishing between response to HIV vaccine and response to HIV . Lancet , 350 ( 9073 ) : 230 – 231 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization (WHO) . ( 2006 ) . Global AIDS epidemic continues to grow . Retrieved from http://www.who.int/hiv/mediacentre/news62/en/index.html .
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization (WHO) . ( 2007 ) . WHO and UNAIDS issue new guidance on HIV testing and counselling in health facilities . 30 May 2007, World Health Organization. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2007/pr24/en/index.html .
   Google Scholar
• Wu , A.W. , Kennedy , C.J. and Paradise , M. 1988 . Factitious false positive test for HIV . Journal of American Medical Association , 259 ( 11 ) : 1647
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zumwalt , R.E. , McFeeley , P.J. and Maito , J. 1987 . Fraudulent AIDS . Journal of American Medical Association , 257 : 3231
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar