HIV awareness and condom use among female sex workers in Afghanistan: implications for intervention

References

• Basu , I. , Jana , S. , Rotheram-Borus , M.J. , Swendeman , D. , Lee , S.J. , Newman , P. , & Weiss , R. 2004 HIV prevention among sex workers in India . Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 36 845 852 . Retrieved from http://journals.lww.com/jaids/pages/default.aspx
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bazger , F. and Young , A.T. 2005 . Survey of groups at high risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections and HIV/AIDS in Kabul , Kabul : ORA International .
   Google Scholar
• Bhave , G. , Lindan , C.P. , Hudes , E.S. , Desai , S. , Wagle , U. , Tripathi , S.P. , & Mandel , J.S. 1995 Impact of an intervention on HIV, sexually transmitted diseases, and condom use among sex workers in Bombay, India . AIDS 9 Suppl. 1 S21 S30 Retrieved from http://journals.lww.com/aidsonline/pages/default.aspx
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bokhari , A. , Nizamani , N.M. , Jackson , D.J. , Rehan , N.E. , Rahman , M. , Muzaffar , R. Thaver , I. 2007 . HIV risk in Karachi and Lahore, Pakistan: An emerging epidemic in injecting and commercial sex networks . International Journal of STDs & AIDS , 18 , 486 492 . doi: 10.1258/095646207781147201
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi , S.Y. , & Holroyd , E. 2007 . The influence of power, poverty and agency in the negotiation of condom use for female sex workers in mainland China . Culture, Health, & Sexuality , 9 , 489 503 . doi: 10.1080/13691050701220446
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans , C. , & Lambert , H. 2008 . The limits of behaviour change theory: Condom use and contexts of HIV risk in the Kolkata sex industry . Culture, Health, & Sexuality , 10 , 27 42 . doi: 10.1080/13691050701561393
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foran , J. 2006 . Knowledge, attitudes, behaviour, and practices: HIV/AIDS study in Afghanistan , Kabul : Action Aid .
   Google Scholar
• Ford , K. , Wirawan , D.N. , Fajans , P. , Meliawan , P. , MacDonald , K. , & Thorpe , L. 1996 Behavioral interventions for reduction of sexually transmitted disease/HIV transmission among female commercial sex workers and clients in Bali, Indonesia . AIDS 10 213 222 . Retrieved from http://journals.lww.com/aidsonline/pages/default.aspx
   Google Scholar
• Ford , N. , & Koetsawang , S. 1999 A pragmatic intervention to promote condom use by female sex workers in Thailand . Bulletin of the World Health Organization 77 888 894 . Retrieved from http://www.who.int/bulletin/en/
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuo , I. , ul-Hasan , S. , Galai , N. , Thomas , D.L. , Zafar , T. , Ahmed , M.A. , & Strathdee , S.A . 2006 . High HCV seroprevalence and HIV drug use risk behaviors among injection drug users in Pakistan . Harm Reduction Journal , 3 , 26 . doi: 10.1186/1477-7517-3-26
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lau , J.T. , & Wong , W.S. 2000 Behavioural surveillance of sexually-related risk behaviours for the cross-border traveller population in Hong Kong: The evaluation of the overall effectiveness of relevant prevention programmes by comparing the results of two surveillance surveys . International Journal of STD & AIDS 11 719 727 Retrieved fromhttp://ijsa.rsmjournals.com/
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazarus , J.V. , Himedan , H.M. , Ostergaard , L.R. , & Liljestrand , J. 2006 . HIV/AIDS knowledge and condom use among Somali and Sudanese immigrants in Denmark . Scandinavian Journal of Public Health , 34 , 92 99 . doi: 10.1080/14034940510032211
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ntumbanzondo , M. , Dubrow , R. , Niccolai , L.M. , Mwandagalirwa , K. , & Merson , M.H. 2006 . Unprotected intercourse for extra money among commercial sex workers in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo . AIDS Care , 18 , 777 785 . doi: 10.1080/09540120500412824
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pickering , H. , Okongo , M. , Nnalusiba , B. , Bwanika , K. , & Whitworth , J. 1997 . Sexual networks in Uganda: Casual and commercial sex in a trading town . AIDS Care , 9 , 199 207 . doi: 10.1080/09540129750125217
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qadiry , T. 2008 , May 20 . Under wraps, prostitution rife in north Afghanistan . Reuters News Service . Retrieved from http://www.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idUSISL17365820080519
   Google Scholar
• Rou , K. , Wu , Z. , Sullivan S.G. , Li , F. , Guan , J. , Xu , C. Yin , Y. 2007 . A five-city trial of a behavioural intervention to reduce sexually transmitted disease/HIV risk among sex workers in China . AIDS , 21 Suppl. 8 , S95 S101 . doi: 10.1097/01.aids.0000304703.77755.c7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SAR AIDS Human Development Sector, South Asia Region, & The World Bank 2007 . Mapping and situation assessment of key populations at high risk of HIV in three cities of Afghanistan . Retrieved from http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/SOUTHASIAEXT/EXTSAREGTOPHEANUT/EXTSAREGTOPHIVAIDS/0,,contentMDK:21763929~pagePK:34004173~piPK:34003707~theSitePK:496967,00.html
   Google Scholar
• Shahmanesh , M. , Patel , V. , Mabey , D. , & Cowan , F. 2008 . Effectiveness of interventions for the prevention of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in female sex workers in resource poor setting: A systematic review . Tropical Medicine and International Health , 13 , 659 679 . doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2008.02040
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Todd , C.S. , Abed , A. , Strathdee , S.A. , Scott , P.T. , Botros , B.A. , Safi , N. , & Earhart , K.C . 2007 . Association between expatriation and HIV awareness and knowledge among injecting drug users in Kabul, Afghanistan: A cross-sectional comparison of former refugees to those remaining during conflict . Conflict and Health , 1 , 5 . doi: 10.1186/1752-1505-1-5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tompkins , M. , Smith , L. , Jones , K. and Swindells , S. 2006 . HIV education needs among Sudanese immigrants and refugees in the Midwestern United States . AIDS Behavior , 10 : 319 – 323 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime [UNODC] 2005 . Afghanistan Drug Use Survey 2005 . Kabul : UNODC
   Google Scholar
• van Egmond , K. , Naeem , A.J. , Verstraelen , H. , Bosmans , M. , Claeys , P. , & Temmerman , M. 2004 . Reproductive health in Afghanistan: Results of a knowledge, attitudes and practices survey among Afghan women in Kabul . Disasters , 28 , 269 282 . doi: 0.1111/j.0361-3666.2004.00258
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waldman , R. , Strong , L. and Wali , A. 2006 . Afghanistan's health system since 2001: Condition improved, prognosis cautiously optimistic , Kabul , , Afghanistan : Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit .
   Google Scholar
• Williams , M.L. , Bowen , A.M. , Timpson , S.C. , Ross , M.W. , & Atkinson , J.S. 2006 . HIV prevention and street-based male sex workers: An evaluation of brief interventions . AIDS Education and Prevention , 18 , 204 215 . doi: 10.1521/aeap.2006.18.3.204
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zafar , T. , Brahmbhatt , H. , Imam , G. , ul Hassan , S. , & Strathdee , S.A. 2003 HIV knowledge and risk behaviors among Pakistani and Afghani drug users in Quetta, Pakistan . Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 32 394 398 . Retrieved from http://journals.lww.com/jaids/pages/default.aspx
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zamani , S. , Kihara , M. , Gouya , M.M. , Vazirian , M. , Ono-Kihara , M. , Razzaghi , E.M. , & Ichikawa , S. 2005 . Prevalence of and factors associated with HIV-1 infection among drug users visiting treatment centers in Tehran, Iran . AIDS , 19 , 709 716 . doi: 10.1097/01.aids.0000166094.24069.72 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar