“Bridge population”: sex workers or their clients? – STI prevalence and risk behaviors of clients of female sex workers in China

References

• Anderson , A.F. , Qingsi , Z. , Hua , X. and Jianfeng , B. 2003 . China's floating population and the potential for HIV transmission: A social–behavioural perspective . AIDS Care , 15 ( 2 ) : 177 – 185 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cao , Y.P. , Zhang , Y.L. , Sun , S.Q. , Guo , G.Y. , Li , Y.C. , Yuan , D. , Li , J.G. 2006 . An epidemiological study on domestic violence in Hunan, China . Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi , 27 3 , 200 203 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chan , K.W. , & Zhang , L. 1999 . The hukou system and rural–urban migration in China: Processes and changes . The China Quarterly , 160 , 818 855 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen , X.S. , Yin , Y.P. , Liang , G.J. , Gong , X.D. , Li , H.S. , Shi , M.Q. and Yu , Y.H. 2006 . Co-infection with genital gonorrhoea and genital chlamydia in female sex workers in Yunnan, China . International Journal of STD & AIDS , 17 ( 5 ) : 329 – 332 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen , Z.Q. , Zhang , G.C. , Gong , X.D. , Lin , C. , Gao , X. , Liang , G.J. Cohen , M. 2007 . Syphilis in China: Results of a national surveillance programme . Lancet , 369 ( 9556 ) : 132 – 138 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• China Daily 2007 . New China HIV cases grow to over 3,000 a month . Xinhua Publisher .
   Google Scholar
• China National Bureau of Statistics CNBS 2000 . Characteristics of Chinese rural migrants . Beijing : Author .
   Google Scholar
• Choi , K.H. , Zheng , X. , Qu , S. , Yiee , K. and Mandel , J. 2000 . HIV risk among patients attending sexually transmitted disease clinics in China . AIDS and Behavior , 4 : 111 – 119 .
   Google Scholar
• CMOH , UNAIDS , & WHO 2006 . Update on the HIV/STD epidemic and response in China 2005 . Beijing : China Ministry of Health .
   Google Scholar
• CNN website 2009 , June 21 ). China tries to stop HIV/AIDS among prostitutes . Retrieved from http://www.edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/asiapcf/06/19/china.aids.prostitutes/index.html
   Google Scholar
• Decker , M.R. , Raj , A.R. , Gupta , J. and Silverman , J. 2008 . Sex purchasing and associations with HIV/sexually transmitted infections among a clinic-based sample of US men . Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome , 48 ( 3 ) : 355 – 359 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fajans , P. , Kathleen , F. and Wirawan , D.N. 1995 . AIDS knowledge and risk behaviors among domestic clients of female sex workers in Bali, Indonesia . Social Science & Medicine , 41 ( 3 ) : 409 – 417 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gil , V.E. , Wang , M.S. , Anderson , A.F. , Lin , G.M. and Wu , Z.O. 1996 . Prostitutes, prostitution and STD/HIV transmission in Mainland China . Social Science & Medicine , 42 ( 1 ) : 141 – 152 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gill , B. , Huang , Y. , & Lu , X. 2007 . Demography of HIV/AIDS in China . CSIS HIV/AIDS Task Force .
   Google Scholar
• Gomes do Espirito Santo , M.E. and Etheredge , G.D. 2003 . HIV prevalence and sexual behaviour of male clients of brothels’ prostitutes in Dakar, Senegal . AIDS Care , 15 ( 1 ) : 53 – 62 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hershatter , G. 1997 . Dangerous pleasures: Prostitution and modernity in twentieth-century Shanghai ( Vol. xii, 591 p., [26] p. of plates ). Berkeley , CA : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hesketh , T. , Zhang , J. and Qiang , D.J. 2005 . HIV knowledge and risk behavior of female sex workers in Yunnan Province, China: Potential as bridging groups to the general population . AIDS Care , 17 ( 8 ) : 958 – 966 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hornby , L. 2008 . China sees sharp rise in HIV-positive gay men . Thompson Reuters Foundation .
   Google Scholar
• Jeffreys , E. 2004 . China, sex and prostitution ( Vol. viii, 212 p ). RoutledgeCurzon studies on China in transition . London and New York : RoutledgeCurzon .
   Google Scholar
• Kaisernetwork 2007 , November 30 ). Number of estimated HIV/AIDS cases in China increases to 700,000, report says . Kaiser Daily HIV/AIDS Report .
   Google Scholar
• Li , X. , Wang , B. , Fang , X. , Zhao , R. , Stanton , B. , Hong , Y. Yang , H. 2006 . Short-term effect of a cultural adaptation of voluntary counseling and testing among female sex workers in China: A quasi-experimental trial . AIDS Education and Prevention , 18 ( 5 ) : 406 – 419 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang , G. 2001 . STD and migrating population , Nanjing : National Center for STD Control .
   Google Scholar
• Pan , S. 1999 . Three “Red Light Districts” in China . Qunyan .
   Google Scholar
• Pan , S. 2000 . Subsistence and experience: An investigation on an underground red light district , Beijing : Chinese Academy of Social Science Press .
   Google Scholar
• Pan , S. , Huang , Y. , Wang , J. and Liu , Z.Y. 2008 . Chinese male clients: Report on HIV risks and prevention , Gaoxiong , , Taiwan : Wanyou Publication .
   Google Scholar
• Parish , W.L. , Laumann , E.O. , Cohen , M.S. , Pan , S. , Zheng , H. Hoffman , I. 2003 . Population-based study of chlamydial infection in China: A hidden epidemic . JAMA , 289 ( 10 ) : 1265 – 1273 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pei , D. , Yang , S. , & Lai , S. 2002 . High risk behavior investigation and syphilis infection surveillance among female sex workers and drug users in Hainan . Chinese Journal of STD/AIDS Prevention and Control , 8 , 160 161 .
   Google Scholar
• Pirkle , C. , Soundardjee , R. and Stella , A. 2007 . Female sex workers in China: Vectors of disease? . Sexually Transmitted Disease , 34 ( 9 ) : 695 – 703 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers , S.J. , Ying , L. , Xln , Y.T. , Fung , K. and Kaufman , J. 2002 . Reaching and identifying the STD/HIV risk of sex workers in Beijing . AIDS Education and Prevention , 14 ( 3 ) : 217 – 227 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shan , G. 1995 . Chinese prostitution – past and present . Beijing : Legal Press .
   Google Scholar
• State Council AIDS Working Committee Office and UN Theme Group on AIDS in China 2007 . A joint assessment of Hiv/Aids prevention, treatment, and care in China . Beijing : Authors . Retrieved from http://www.un.org.cn/public/resource/a24f2886ef699b0a64637e9ba91b58d6.pdf .
   Google Scholar
• Van den Hoek , A. , Yuliang , F. , Dukers , N.H. , Zhiheng , C. , Jiangting , F. , Lina , Z. and Xiuxing , Z. 2001 . High prevalence of syphilis and other sexually transmitted diseases among sex workers in China: Potential for fast spread of HIV . AIDS , 15 ( 6 ) : 753 – 759 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , H. , Chen , R.Y. , Ding , G. , Ma , Y. , Ma , J. , Jiao , J. , Wang , N. 2008 . Prevalence and predictors of HIV infection among female sex workers in Kaiyuan City, Yunnan Province, China . International Journal of Infectious Diseases , 13 2 , 162 169 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , L. , Fang , L. , Su , H. and Qiao , Y. 2004 . The prevalences and measurement of reproductive infections and sexually transmitted diseases . Maternal and Child Health Care of China , 10 : 4 – 6 .
   Google Scholar
• Wu , Z. , Jia , M. , Duan , S. and Sullivan , S. 2007 . The first community-based sexually transmitted disease/HIV intervention trial for female sex workes in China . AIDS , 21 ( Suppl. 8 ) : S89 – S94 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu , Z. , Rou , K. , & Cui , H. 2004 . The HIV/AIDS epidemic in China: History, current strategies and future challenges . AIDS Education and Prevention , 16 3 Suppl. A , 7 17 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xin , R. 1999 . Prostitution and economic modernisation in China . Violence Against Women , 5 : 1411 – 1414 .
   Google Scholar
• Yang , C. , Latkin , C. , Luan , R. and Nelson , K. 2010 . Condom use with female sex workers among male clients in Sichuan Province, China: The role of interpersonal and venue-level factors . Journal of Urban Health , 87 ( 2 ) : 292 – 303 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang , H. , Li , X. , Stanton , B. , Fang , X. , Lin , D. , Mao , R. Chen , X. HIV-related risk behaviors and psychosocial factors associated with commercial sex among female migrants in China . Manuscript submitted for publication .
   Google Scholar
• Yang , H. , Li , X. , Stanton , B. , Liu , H. , Wang , N. , Fang , X. Chen , X. 2005 . Heterosexual transmission of HIV in China: A systematic review of behavioral studies in the past two decades . Sexually Transmitted Diseases , 32 ( 5 ) : 270 – 280 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang , X. and Xia , G. 2006 . Gender, work and HIV risk: Determinants of risky sexual behavior among female entertainment workers in China . AIDS Education and Prevention , 18 ( 4 ) : 333 – 347 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yunnan Reproductive Health Research Association 2001 . Condom use in China . Kunming , Yunnan : Yunnan Ministry of Health .
   Google Scholar
• Zhang , K. , Li , D. , Li , H. and Beck , E.J. 1999 . Changing sexual attitudes and behavior in China: Implications for the spread of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases . AIDS Care , 11 ( 5 ) : 581 – 589 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang , P. 1993 . Social problems in contemporary China ( p. 12). Jindun .
   Google Scholar
• Zheng , Z. , Zhou , Y. , Zheng , L. , Yang , Y. , Zhao , D. , Zhoa , S. Lou , C. 2002 . Sexual behavior and contraceptive use among unmarried, young women migrant workers in five cities in China . Reproductive Health Matters , 9 : 118 – 127 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar