The development of a screening tool to evaluate gross motor function in HIV-infected infants

References

• American Psychological Association . 1985 . Standards for educational and psychological tests . Washington , DC : APA .
   Google Scholar
• ANNECCA . 2005 . Early diagnosis of pediatric HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa. Advocacy statement . Retrieved from http://www.annecca.org (accessed March 2008) .
   Google Scholar
• Aylward , G. 1995 . Bayley infant neurodevelopmental screener , New York , NY : Psychological Corporation .
   Google Scholar
• Aylward , G. 1997 . Conceptual issues in developmental screening and assessment . Developmental and Behavioural Pediatrics , 18 : 340 – 349 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aylward , G. and Verhulst , S. 2000 . Predictive utility of the Bayley Infant Neurodevelopmental Screener (BINS) risk status classifications: Clinical interpretation and application . Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology , 42 : 25 – 51 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baillieu , N. and Potterton , J. 2008 . The extent of delay of language, motor and cognitive development in HIV positive infants . Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy , 32 : 118 – 121 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bayley , N. 2006 . Bayley Scales of Infant Development . Screening test manual , 3rd ed . San Antonio , TX : The Psychological Corporation .
   Google Scholar
• Bissiachi , P. , Suppiej , A. and Laverda , A. 2000 . Neuropsychological evaluation of neurologically asymptomatic HIV-Infected children . Brain and Cognition , 43 : 49 – 52 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper , S. , Lyall , H. , Walters , S. , Tudor-Williams , G. , Habibi , G. , de Munter , … Nadel , S. 2004 . Children with human immunodeficiency virus admitted to a paediatric intensive care unit in the United Kingdom over a 10-year period . Intensive Care Medicine 30 , 113 – 118 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Department of Health Republic of South Africa . 2008 . Guidelines for the treatment and management of HIV . Retrieved from http://www.doh.co.za
   Google Scholar
• Epstein , L. , Sharer , L. , Joshi , V. , Fojas , M. , Koenigsberger , M. and Oleske , J. 1985 . Progressive encephalopathy in children with acquired immune deficiency syndrome . Annals of Neurology , 17 : 488 – 496 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferguson , G. and Jelsma , J. 2009 . The prevalence of motor delay among HIV infected children living in Cape Town, South Africa . International Journal of Rehabilitation Research , 32 : 108 – 114 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiser , D. , Tilford , J. and Roberson , P. 2000 . Relationship of illness severity and length of stay to functional outcomes in the pediatric intensive care unit: A multi-institutional study . Critical Care Medicine , 28 : 1173 – 1179 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foster , C. , Biggs , R. , Melvin , D. , Walters , M. , Tudor-Williams , G. and Lyall , E. 2006 . Neurodevelopmental outcomes in children with HIV infection under 3 years of age . Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology , 48 : 677 – 682 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gabuzda , D. and Hirsch , M. 1986 . Neurologic manifestations of infection with human immunodeficiency virus: Clinical features and pathogenesis . Annals of Internal Medicine , 107 : 383 – 391 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• George , R. , Andronikou , S , du Plessis , J. , du Plessis , A. , Van Toorn , R. and Maydell , A. 2009 . Central nervous system manifestations of HIV infection in children . Pediatric Radiology , 39 : 575 – 585 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gladstone , M. , Lancaster , G. , Jones , A. , Maleta , K. , Mtitimila , E. , Ashorn , P. and Smyth , R. 2008 . Can Western developmental screening tools be modified for use in a rural Malawian setting? . Archives of Disease in Childhood , 93 : 23 – 29 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glascoe , F. 1991 . Developmental screening: Rationale, methods and application . Infants and Young Children , 4 : 1 – 10 .
   Google Scholar
• Glascoe , F. 1997 . Parent's concerns about children's development: Prescreening technique or screening test? . Pediatrics , 99 : 522 – 528 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris , S. , Megens , A. , Backman , C. and Hayes , V. 2005 . Stability of the Bayley II Scales of Infant Development in a sample of low-risk and high-risk infants . Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology , 47 : 820 – 823 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hyrkas , K. , Appelqvist-Schmidlechner , K. and Oksa , L. 2003 . Validating an instrument for clinical supervision using an expert panel . International Journal of Nursing Studies , 40 : 619 – 625 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landis , J. and Koch , G. 1977 . The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data . Biometrics , 33 : 159 – 174 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGrath , N. , Fawzi , W. , Bellinger , D. , Robins , J. , Msamanga , G. , Manjii , K. and Tronick , E. 2006 . The timing of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus infection and the neurodevelopment of children in Tanzania . The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal , 25 : 47 – 52 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meisels , S. 1989 . Can developmental screening tests identify children who are developmentally at risk? . Pediatrics , 83 : 578 – 585 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Msellati , P. , Lepage , P. , Hihama , D. , Van Goetham , C. , Van de Perre , P. and Dabis , F. 1993 . Neurodevelopmental testing of children born to human immunodeficiency virus Type 1 seropositive and seronegative mothers: A prospective cohort in Kigali, Rwanda . Pediatrics , 92 : 843 – 848 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Strategic Plan for HIV . 2007–2011 . Retrieved from http://www.doh.gov.za/docs/misc/stratplan .
   Google Scholar
• Palisano , R. , Rosenbaum , P. , Bartlett , D. and Livingston , M. 2008 . Content validity of the expanded and revised Gross Motor Function Classification System . Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology , 50 : 744 – 750 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Portney , L. and Watkins , M. 2000 . “ Statistical measures of reliability ” . In Foundations of clinical research: Applications to practice , 2nd ed , Edited by: Portney , L.G. and Watkins , M.P. 557 – 586 . Upper Saddle River , NJ : Prentice Hall Health .
   Google Scholar
• Potter , M. , Gordon , S. and Hamer , P. 2004 . The nominal group technique: A useful consensus methodology in physiotherapy research . New Zealand Journal of Physiotherapy , 32 : 126 – 130 .
   Google Scholar
• Potterton , J. , Stewart , A. , Cooper , P. , Baillieu , N. and Gajdosik , C. 2009 . Neurodevelopmental delay in children infected with HIV in Soweto, South Africa . Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies March , 4 : 48 – 57 .
   Google Scholar
• Potterton , J. , Stewart , A. , Cooper , P. and Becker , P. 2010 . The effect of a home stimulation programme on the development of young children infected with HIV . Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology , 52 : 547 – 541 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Resino , S. , Resino , R. , Micheloud , D. , Gutie , D. , Antonio , J. , Ramos , J. and … Mun , A. 2006 . Long-term effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy in pretreated, vertically HIV type 1 – infected children: 6 years of follow-up . Clinical Infectious Diseases , 42 : 862 – 869 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robertson , K. , Kopnisky , K. , Hakim , J. , Merry , C. , Nakasujja , N. , Hall , C. and … Liner , J. 2008 . Second assessment of neuroAIDS in Africa . Journal of Neurovirology , 14 : 89 – 101 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothstein , J. , Campbell , S. , Echternach , J. , Jette , A. , Knecht , H. and Rose , S. 1991 . Standards for tests and measurements in physical therapy practice . Physical Therapy , 71 : 598 – 622 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell , D. , Rosenbaum , P. , Cadman , D. , Gowland , C. , Hardy , S. and Jarvis , S. 1989 . The Gross Motor Function Measure: A means to evaluate the effects of physical therapy . Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology , 31 : 341 – 352 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simpson , D. and Berger , J. 1996 . Neurologic manifestations of HIV infection . Medical Clinics of North America , 80 : 1363 – 1394 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tardieu , M. , Le Chenadec , M. , Persoz , A. , Meyer , L. , Blanche , S. and Mayaux , M. 2000 . HIV-1 related encephalopathy in infants compared with children and adults . Neurology , 54 : 1089 – 1095 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tindyebwa , D. , Kayita , J. , Musoke , P. , Eley , B. , Nduati , R. , Coovadia , H. , … Kieffer , M. 2004 . Handbook on paediatric AIDS in Africa by the African Network for the Care of Children Affected by AIDS . Retrieved from http://www.rcqhc.org
   Google Scholar
• Van Rie , A. , Dow , A. , Mapula , A. and Stewart , P. 2009 . Neurodevelopmental trajectory of HIV-infected children accessing care in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo . Journal of the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome , 52 : 636 – 642 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Rie , A. , Harrington , P. , Dow , A. and Robertson , K. 2007 . Neurologic and neurodevelopmental manifestations of pediatric HIV/AIDS: A global perspective . European Journal of Paediatric Neurology , 11 : 1 – 9 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Rie , A. , Mupuala , A. and Dow , A. 2008 . Impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic on the neurodevelopment of preschool-aged children in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo . Pediatrics , 122 : e123 – e128 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organisation (WHO) . 2006 . Antiretroviral therapy of HIV infection in infants and children in resource-limited settings: Towards universal access . Recommendations for a Public Health Approach. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/hiv/pub/guidelines/paediatric020907.pdf
   Google Scholar