Reasons for and correlates of antiretroviral treatment interruptions in a cohort of patients from public and private clinics in southern India

References

• Ammassari , A. , Trotta , M.P. , Murri , R. , Castelli , F. , Narciso , P. , Noto , P. , Vecchiet , J. and Antinori , A. 2002 . Correlates and predictors of adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy: Overview of published literature . Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome , 31 : S123 – S127 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bachani , D. , Garg , R. , Rewari , B.B. , Hegg , L. , Rajasekaran , S. , Deshpande , A. and Rao , K.S. 2010 . Two-year treatment outcomes of patients enrolled in India's national first-line antiretroviral therapy programme . National Medical Journal of India , 23 : 7 – 12 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bender , M.A. , Kumarasamy , N. , Mayer , K.H. , Wang , B. , Walensky , R.P. , Flanigan , T. and Freedberg , K.A. 2010 . Cost-effectiveness of tenofovir as first-line antiretroviral therapy in India . Clinical Infectious Diseases , 50 : 416 – 425 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bangsberg , D.R. , Perry , S. , Charlebois , E.D. , Clark , R.A. , Roberston , M. , Zolopa , A.R. and Moss , A. 2001 . Non-adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy predicts progression to AIDS . AIDS , 15 : 1181 – 1183 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Batavia , A.S. , Balaji , K. , Houle , E. , Parisaboina , S. , Ganesh , A.K. , Mayer , K.H. and Solomon , S. 2010 . Adherence to antiretroviral therapy in patients participating in a graduated cost recovery program at an HIV care center in south India . AIDS and Behavior , 14 : 794 – 798 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chandy , S. , Singh , G. , Heylen , E. , Gandhi , M. and Ekstrand , M.L. 2011 . Treatment switching in South Indian patients on HAART: What are the predictors and consequences? . AIDS Care , 2 : 1 – 9 .
   Google Scholar
• Chesney , M. 2003 . Adherence to HAART regimens . AIDS Patient Care STDs , 17 : 169 – 177 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dimeff , L.A. and Marlatt , G.A. 1998 . Preventing relapse and maintaining change in addictive behaviors . Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice , 5 : 513 – 525 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ekstrand , M.L. , Chandy , S. , Heylen , E. , Steward , W. and Singh , G. 2010 . Developing useful HAART adherence measures for India: The Prerana Study . Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome , 53 : 415 – 416 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ekstrand , M.L. , Chandy , S. , Singh , G. , Chandy , S. , Singh , G. , Shamsundar , R. and Kumarasamy , N. 2011 . Suboptimal adherence associated with virological failure and resistance mutations to first-line highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in Bangalore, India . International Health , 3 : 27 – 34 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gardner , E.M. , Sharma , S. , Peng , G. , Hullsiek , K.H. , Burman , W.J. , Macarthur , R.D. and Mannheimer , S.B. 2008 . Differential adherence to combination antiretroviral therapy is associated with virological failure with resistance . AIDS , 22 : 75 – 82 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gill , C.J. , Hamer , D.H. , Simon , J.L. , Thea , D.M. and Sabin , L.L. 2005 . No room for complacency about adherence to antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa . AIDS , 19 : 1243 – 1249 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao , X. and Nau , D.P. 2000 . Congruence of three self-report measures of medication adherence among HIV patients . Annals Pharmacotherapy , 34 : 1117 – 1122 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herbst , A.J. , Cooke , G.S. , Bärnighausen , T. , KanyKany , A. , Tanser , F. and Newell , M.L. 2009 . Adult mortality and antiretroviral treatment roll-out in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa . Bulletin of the World Health Organization , 87 : 754 – 762 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hogg , R.S. , Heath , K. , Bangsberg , D. , Yip , B. , Press , N. , O'Shaughnessy , M.V. and Montaner , J.S. 2002 . Intermittent use of triple-combination therapy is predictive of mortality at baseline and after 1 year of follow-up . AIDS , 16 : 1051 – 1058 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jahn , A. , Floyd , S. , Crampin , A.C. , Mwaungulu , F. , Mvula , H. , Munthali , F. and Glynn , J.R. 2008 . Population-level effect of HIV on adult mortality and early evidence of reversal after introduction of antiretroviral therapy in Malawi . The Lancet , 371 : 1603 – 1611 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kranzer , K. , Lewis , J.J. , Ford , N. , Zeinecker , J. , Orrell , C. , Lawn , S.D. and Wood , R. 2010 . Treatment interruption in a primary care antiretroviral therapy program in South Africa: Cohort analysis of trends and risk factors . Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes , 55 : e17 – e23 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumarasamy , N. , Safren , S.A. , Raminani , S.R. , Pickard , R. , James , R. , Krishnan , A.K. and Mayer , K.H. 2005a . Barriers and facilitators to antiretroviral medication adherence among patients with HIV in Chennai, India: A qualitative study . AIDS Patient Care & STDs , 19 : 526 – 537 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumarasamy , N. , Solomon , S. , Chaguturu , S.K. , Cecelia , A.J. , Vallabhaneni , S. , Flanigan , T.P. and Mayer , K.H. 2005b . The changing natural history of HIV disease: Before and after the introduction of generic antiretroviral therapy in southern India . Clinical Infectious Diseases , 41 : 1525 – 1528 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumarasamy , N. , Vallabhaneni , S. , Cecelia , A.J. , Yepthomi , T. , Balakrishnan , P. , Saghayam , S. and Mayer , K.H. 2006 . Reasons for modification of generic highly active antiretroviral therapeutic regimens among patients in southern India . Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome , 41 : 53 – 58 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kunutsor , S. , Walley , J. , Katabira , E. , Muchuro , S. , Balidawa , H. , Namagala , E. , & Ikoona E. 2011 . Improving clinic attendance and adherence to antiretroviral therapy through a treatment supporter intervention in Uganda: A Randomized Controlled Trial . AIDS and Behavior 15 , 1795 – 1802 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mills , E.J. , Nachega , J.B. , Buchan , I. , Orbinski , J. , Attaran , A. , Singh , S. and Bangsberg , D.R. 2006 . Adherence to antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa and North America . JAMA , 296 : 679 – 690 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nachega , J.B. , Hislop , M. , Dowdy , D.W. , Chaisson , R.E. , Regensberg , L. and Maartens , G. 2007 . Adherence to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based HIV therapy and virologic outcomes . Annals of Internal Medicine , 146 : 564 – 573 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mwagomba , B. , Zachariah , R. , Massaquoi , M. , Misindi , D. , Manzi , M. , & Myer , L. 2010 . Mortality reduction associated with HIV. AIDS care and antiretroviral treatment in rural Malawi: Evidence from registers, coffin sales and funerals . PLoS One 5 , e10452 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National AIDS Control Organization . 2006 . HIV sentinel surveillance and HIV estimation, 2006 . Retrieved from: http://nacoonline.org/upload/NACO%20PDF/HIV%20Sentinel%20Surveillance%202006_India%20Country%20Report.pdf
   Google Scholar
• National AIDS Control Organization . 2007 . Antiretroviral therapy guidelines for HIV infected adults and adolescents including post-exposure 2007 . Retrieved from: http://nacoonline.org/upload/Policies%20&%20Guidelines/1.%20Antiretroviral%20Therapy%20Guidelines%20for%20HIV-Infected%20Adults%20and%20Adolescents%20Including%20Post-exposure.pdf
   Google Scholar
• National AIDS Control Organization . 2010 . Patients alive and on ART August 2010 . Retrieved from: http://nacoonline.org/upload/Care%20&%20Treatment/Patients%20alive%20and%20on%20ART/People%20alive%20and%20on%20ART%20August%202010.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Reniers , G. , Araya , T. , Davey , G. , Nagelkerke , N. , Berhane , Y. , Coutinho , R. and Sanders , E.J. 2009 . Steep declines in population-level AIDS mortality following the introduction of antiretroviral therapy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia . AIDS , 23 : 511 – 518 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parienti , J.J. , Massari , V. , Descamps , D. , Vabret , A. , Bouvet , E. , Larouzé , B. and Verdon , R. 2004 . Predictors of virologic failure and resistance in HIV-infected patients treated with nevirapine-or efavirenz-based antiretroviral therapy . Clinical Infectious Diseases , 38 : 1311 – 1316 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parienti , J.J. , Das-Douglas , M. , Massari , V. , Massari , V. , Guzman , D. , Deeks , S.G. Bangsberg , D.R. 2008 . Not all missed doses are the same: Sustained NNRTI treatment interruptions predict HIV rebound at low-to-moderate adherence levels . PLoS One 3 , e2783 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palmer , S. , Wiegand , A.P. , Maldarelli , F. , Bazmi , H. , Mican , J.M. , Polis , M. and Coffin , J.M. 2003 . New real-time reverse transcriptase-initiated PCR assay with single-copy sensitivity for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA in plasma . Journal of Clinical Microbiology , 41 : 4531 – 4536 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah , B. , Walshe , L. , Saple , D.G. , Mehta , S.H. , Ramnani , J.P. , Kharkar , R.D. and Gupta , A. 2007 . Adherence to antiretroviral therapy and virologic suppression among HIV-infected persons receiving care in private clinics in Mumbai, India . Clinical Infectious Diseases , 44 : 1235 – 1244 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sivadasan , A. , Abraham , O.C. , Rupali , P. , Pulimood , S.A. , Rajan , J. , Rajkumar , S. and Mathai , D. 2009 . High rates of regimen change due to drug toxicity among a cohort of South Indian adults with HIV infection initiated on generic, first-line antiretroviral treatment . Journal of the Association of Physicians India , 57 : 384 – 388 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tsai , A.C. , Weiser , S.D. , Petersen , M.L. , Ragland , K. , Kushel , M.B. and Bangsberg , D.R. 2010 . A marginal structural model to estimate the causal effect of antidepressant medication treatment on viral suppression among homeless and marginally housed persons with HIV . Archives of General Psychiatry , 67 : 1282 – 1290 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venkatesh , K.K. , Srikrishnan , A.K. , Mayer , K.H. , Kumarasamy , N. , Raminani , S. , Thamburaj , E. and Safren , S.A. 2010 . Predictors of nonadherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected south Indians in clinical care: Implications for developing adherence interventions in resource-limited settings . AIDS Patient Care and STDs , 24 : 22 – 29 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wanchu , A. , Kaur , R. , Bambery , P. and Singh , S. 2007 . Adherence to generic reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based antiretroviral medication at a tertiary center in north India . AIDS and Behavior , 11 : 99 – 102 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization . 2009a . HIV AIDS data and statistics 2009 . Retrieved from: http://www.who.int/hiv/data/fig4.1.png
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization . 2009b Rapid advice: Antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection in adults and adolescents, 2009 . Retrieved from: http://www.who.int/hiv/pub/arv/rapid_advice_art.pdf
   Google Scholar