Neurocognitive deficits in HIV-infected women and victims of childhood trauma

References

• Andersson , N. , Cockcroft , A. and Shea , B. 2008 . Gender-based violence and HIV: Relevance for HIV prevention in hyperendemic countries of Southern Africa . AIDS , 22 ( Suppl. 4 ) : 73 – 86 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antinori , A. , Arendt , G. , Becker , J.T. , Brew , B.J. , Byrd , D.A. , Cherner , M. and Wojna , V.E. 2007 . Updated research nosology for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders . Neurology , 69 ( 18 ) : 1789 – 1799 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernstein , D.P. , Stein , J.A. , Newcomb , M.D. , Walker , E. , Pogge , D. , Ahluvalia , T. and Zule , W. 2003 . Development and validation of a brief screening version of the childhood trauma questionnaire . Child Abuse & Neglect , 27 ( 2 ) : 169 – 190 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bremner , J.D. 2006 . The relationship between cognitive and brain changes in posttraumatic stress disorder . Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences , 1071 : 80 – 86 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bremner , J.D. , Randall , P. , Scott , T.M. , Bronen , R.A. , Seibyl , J.P. , Southwick , S.M. and Innis , R.B. 1995 . MRI-based measurement of hippocampal volume in patients with combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder . The American Journal of Psychiatry , 152 ( 7 ) : 973 – 981 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . 1993 . Revised classification system for HIV infection and expanded surveillance case definition for AIDS among adolescents and adults . Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00018871.htm
   Google Scholar
• Choi , J. , Jeong , B. , Rohan , M.L. , Polcari , A.M. and Teicher , M.H. 2009 . Preliminary evidence for white matter tract abnormalities in young adults exposed to parental verbal abuse . Biological Psychiatry , 65 ( 3 ) : 227 – 234 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark , C.R. , McFarlane , A.C. , Morris , P. , Weber , D.L. , Sonkkilla , C. , Shaw , M. and Egan , G.F. 2003 . Cerebral function in posttraumatic stress disorder during verbal working memory updating: A positron emission tomography study . Biological Psychiatry , 53 ( 6 ) : 474 – 481 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cysique , L.A. , Jin , H. , Franklin , D.R. Jr , Morgan , E.E. , Shi , C. , Yu , X. and The HNRC Group . 2007 . Neurobehavioral effects of HIV-1 infection in china and the united states: A pilot study . Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , 13 ( 5 ) : 781 – 790 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davidson , J.R.T. , Book , S.W. , Colket , J.T. , Tupler , L.A. , Roth , S. , David , D. and Feldman , M.E. 1997 . Assessment of a new self-rating scale for post-traumatic stress disorder . Psychological Medicine , 27 ( 1 ) : 153 – 160 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunkle , K.L. , Jewkes , R.K. , Brown , H.C. , Yoshihama , M. , Gray , G.E. , McIntyre , J.A. and Harlow , S.D. 2004 . Prevalence and patterns of gender-based violence and revictimization among women attending antenatal clinics in Soweto, South Africa . American Journal of Epidemiology , 160 ( 3 ) : 230 – 239 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fennema-Notestine , C. , Stein , M.B. , Kennedy , C.M. , Archibald , S.L. and Jernigan , T.L. 2002 . Brain morphometry in female victims of intimate partner violence with and without posttraumatic stress disorder . Biological Psychiatry , 52 ( 11 ) : 1089 – 1101 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant , I. 2008 . Neurocognitive disturbances in HIV . International Review of Psychiatry , 20 ( 1 ) : 33 – 47 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant , I. , Atkinson , J.H. , Hesselink , J.R. , Kennedy , C.J. , Richman , D.D. , Spector , S.A. and McCutchan , J.A. 1987 . Evidence for early central nervous system involvement in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and other human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections . Annals of Internal Medicine , 107 ( 6 ) : 828 – 836 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta , J.D. , Satishchandra , P. , Gopukumar , K. , Wilkie , F. , Waldrop-Valverde , D. , Ellis , R. and Kumar , M. 2007 . Neuropsychological deficits in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 clade C-seropositive adults from South India . Journal of Neurovirology , 13 ( 3 ) : 195 – 202 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heaton , R.K. , Clifford , D.B. , Franklin , D.R. Jr , Woods , S.P. , Ake , C. , Vaida , F. and CHARTER Group . 2010 . HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders persist in the era of potent antiretroviral therapy: CHARTER study . Neurology , 75 ( 23 ) : 2087 – 2096 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heaton , R.K. , Franklin , D.R. , Ellis , R.J. , McCutchan , J.A. , Letendre , S.L. , Leblanc , S. and The HNRC Group . 2011 . HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders before and during the era of combination antiretroviral therapy: Differences in rates, nature, and predictors . Journal of Neurovirology , 17 ( 1 ) : 3 – 16 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heaton , R.K. , Grant , I. , Butters , N. , White , D.A. , Kirson , D. , Atkinson , J.H. and The HNRC Group . 1995 . The HNRC 500-neuropsychology of HIV infection at different disease stages. HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center . Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , 1 ( 3 ) : 231 – 251 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Heim , C. and Nemeroff , C.B. 2009 . Neurobiology of posttraumatic stress disorder . CNS Spectrums , 14 ( Suppl. 1 ) : 13 – 24 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horner , M.D. and Hamner , M.B. 2002 . Neurocognitive functioning in posttraumatic stress disorder . Neuropsychology Review , 12 ( 1 ) : 15 – 30 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isaac , C.L. , Cushway , D. and Jones , G.V. 2006 . Is posttraumatic stress disorder associated with specific deficits in episodic memory? . Clinical Psychology Review , 26 ( 8 ) : 939 – 955 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jelicic , M. , Geraerts , E. and Merckelbach , H. 2008 . No evidence for verbal learning impairments in women with a history of childhood abuse . Psychiatry Research , 157 ( 1–3 ) : 299 – 302 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jelinek , L. , Jacobsen , D. , Kellner , M. , Larbig , F. , Biesold , K.H. , Barre , K. and Moritz , S. 2006 . Verbal and nonverbal memory functioning in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 28 ( 6 ) : 940 – 948 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jewkes , R.K. , Dunkle , K. , Nduna , M. , Jama , P.N. and Puren , A. 2010 . Associations between childhood adversity and depression, substance abuse and HIV and HSV2 incident infections in rural South African youth . Child Abuse & Neglect , 34 ( 11 ) : 833 – 841 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jewkes , R. , Levin , J. , Mbananga , N. and Bradshaw , D. 2002 . Rape of girls in South Africa . The Lancet , 359 ( 9303 ) : 319 – 320 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jewkes , R. , Penn-Kekana , L. , Levin , J. , Ratsaka , M. and Schrieber , M. 2001 . Prevalence of emotional, physical and sexual abuse of women in three South African provinces . South African Medical Journal , 91 ( 5 ) : 421 – 428 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joska , J.A. , Westgarth-Taylor , J. , Myer , L. , Hoare , J. , Thomas , K.G. , Combrinck , M. , Flisher , A.J. 2010 . Characterization of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders among individuals starting antiretroviral therapy in South Africa . AIDS and Behavior 15 ( 6 ), 1197 – 1203 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joska , J. , Fincham , D. , Stein , D. , Paul , R. and Seedat , S. 2010 . Clinical correlates of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders in South Africa . AIDS and Behavior , 14 ( 2 ) : 371 – 378 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalichman , S.C. and Simbayi , L.C. 2004 . Sexual assault history and risks for sexually transmitted infections among women in an African township in Cape Town, South Africa . AIDS Care , 16 ( 6 ) : 681 – 689 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanmogne , G. , Kuate , C. , Cysique , L. , Fonsah , J. , Eta , S. , Doh , R. and Njamnshi , A.K. 2010 . HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders in sub-Saharan Africa: A pilot study in Cameroon . BMC Neurology , 10 ( 1 ) : 60 – 70 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lagarde , G. , Doyon , J. and Brunet , A. 2010 . Memory and executive dysfunctions associated with acute posttraumatic stress disorder . Psychiatry Research , 177 ( 1–2 ) : 144 – 149 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawler , K. , Mosepele , M. , Ratcliffe , S. , Seloilwe , E. , Steele , K. , Nthobatsang , R. and Steenhoff , A. 2010 . Neurocognitive impairment among HIV-positive individuals in Botswana: A pilot study . Journal of the International AIDS Society , 13 : 15 – 23 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leserman , J. , Pence , B. , Whetten , K. , Mugavero , M. , Thielman , N. , Swartz , M. and Stangl , D. 2007 . Relation of lifetime trauma and depressive symptoms to mortality in HIV . The American Journal of Psychiatry , 164 ( 11 ) : 1707 – 1713 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leserman , J. , Whetten , K. , Lowe , K. , Stangl , D. , Swartz , M.S. and Thielman , N.M. 2005 . How trauma, recent stressful events, and PTSD affect functional health status and health utilization in HIV-infected patients in the south . Psychosomatic Medicine , 67 ( 3 ) : 500 – 507 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Majer , M. , Nater , U.M. , Lin , J.M. , Capuron , L. and Reeves , W.C. 2010 . Association of childhood trauma with cognitive function in healthy adults: A pilot study . BMC Neurology , 10 : 61 – 70 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maki , P.M. , Cohen , M.H. , Weber , K. , Little , D.M. , Fornelli , D. , Rubin , L.H. and Martin , E. 2009 . Impairments in memory and hippocampal function in HIV-positive vs HIV-negative women: A preliminary study . Neurology , 72 ( 19 ) : 1661 – 1668 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maki , P.M. and Martin-Thormeyer , E. 2009 . HIV, cognition and women . Neuropsychology Review , 19 ( 2 ) : 204 – 214 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mason , K.I. , Campbell , A. , Hawkins , P. , Madhere , S. , Johnson , K. and Takushi-Chinen , R. 1998 . Neuropsychological functioning in HIV-positive African-American women with a history of drug use . Journal of the National Medical Association , 90 ( 11 ) : 665 – 674 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palmer , L.K. , Armsworth , M. , Swank , P.R. , Bush , G. , Frantz , C. and Copley , J. 1997 . The neuropsychological sequelae of chronically psychologically traumatized children . Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology , 12 ( 4 ) : 379 – 380 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radloff , S.F. 1977 . The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population . Applied Psychological Measurement , 1 ( 3 ) : 385 – 401 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richardson , J.L. , Martin , E.M. , Jimenez , N. , Danley , K. , Cohen , M. , Carson , V.L. and Levine , A.M. 2002 . Neuropsychological functioning in a cohort of HIV infected women: Importance of antiretroviral therapy . Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society: JINS , 8 ( 6 ) : 781 – 793 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robertson , K. , Liner , J. and Heaton , R. 2009 . Neuropsychological assessment of HIV-infected populations in international settings . Neuropsychology Review , 19 ( 2 ) : 232 – 249 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robertson , K.R. , Nakasujja , N. , Wong , M. , Musisi , S. , Katabira , E. , Parsons , T.D. and Sacktor , N. 2007 . Pattern of neuropsychological performance among HIV positive patients in Uganda . BMC Neurology , 7 : 8 – 14 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sacktor , N. 2002 . The epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus-associated neurological disease in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy . Journal of Neurovirology , 8 ( Suppl. 2 ) : 115 – 121 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sacktor , N.F. , Nakasujja , N.F. , Skolasky , R.F. , Robertson , K.F. , Wong , M.F. , Musisi , S.F. and Katabira , E. 2006 . Antiretroviral therapy improves cognitive impairment in HIV+ individuals in sub-Saharan Africa . Neurology , 67 ( 2 ) : 311 – 314 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saigh , P.A. , Yasik , A.E. , Oberfield , R.A. , Halamandaris , P.V. and Bremner , J.D. 2006 . The intellectual performance of traumatized children and adolescents with or without posttraumatic stress disorder . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 115 ( 2 ) : 332 – 340 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saykin , A.J. , Janssen , R.S. , Sprehn , G.C. , Kaplan , J.E. , Spira , T.J. and O'Connor , B. 1991 . Longitudinal evaluation of neuropsychological function in homosexual men with HIV infection: 18-month follow-up . The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences , 3 ( 3 ) : 286 – 298 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheehan , D.V. , Lecrubier , Y. , Sheehan , K.H. , Amorim , P. , Janavs , J. , Weiller , E. and Dunbar , G.C. 1998 . The mini-international neuropsychiatric interview (M.I.N.I.): The development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10 . The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry , 59 ( Suppl. 20 ) : 22 – 33 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tozzi , V. , Balestra , P. , Lorenzini , P. , Bellagamba , R. , Galgani , S. , Corpolongo , A. and Narciso , P. 2005 . Prevalence and risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus-associated neurocognitive impairment, 1996 to 2002: Results from an urban observational cohort . Journal of Neurovirology , 11 ( 3 ) : 265 – 273 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Twamley , E.W. , Hami , S. and Stein , M.B. 2004 . Neuropsychological function in college students with and without posttraumatic stress disorder . Psychiatry Research , 126 ( 3 ) : 265 – 274 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UNAIDS . 2010 . Worlwide HIV & AIDS statistics . Retrieved from http://www.avert.org/worldstats.htm
   Google Scholar
• Walton , G. , Co , S.J. , Milloy , M.J. , Qi , J. , Kerr , T. , & Wood , E. 2011 . High prevalence of childhood emotional, physical and sexual trauma among a Canadian cohort of HIV-seropositive illicit drug users . AIDS Care 23 ( 6 ), 714 – 721 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong , M. , Robertson , K. , Nakasujja , N. , Musisi , S. , Katabira , E. , McArthur , J. and Sacktor , N. 2004 . HIV-associated neurological complications among HIV-seropositive individuals in Uganda . Neurology , 62 ( 7 ) : A444
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woods , S.P. , Moore , D.J. , Weber , E. and Grant , I. 2009 . Cognitive neuropsychology of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders . Neuropsychology Review , 19 ( 2 ) : 152 – 168 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yasik , A.E. , Saigh , P.A. , Oberfield , R.A. and Halamandaris , P.V. 2007 . Posttraumatic stress disorder: Memory and learning performance in children and adolescents . Biological Psychiatry , 61 ( 3 ) : 382 – 388 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yepthomi , T. , Paul , R. , Vallabhaneni , S. , Kumarasamy , N. , Tate , D.F. , Solomon , S. and Flanigan , T. 2006 . Neurocognitive consequences of HIV in Southern India: A preliminary study of clade C virus . Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , 12 ( 3 ) : 424 – 430 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar