Internalized stigma and HIV status disclosure among HIV-positive black men who have sex with men

References

• Banks , K.H. , Kohn-Wood , L.P. and Spencer , M. 2006 . An examination of the African American experience of everyday discrimination and symptoms of psychological distress . Community Mental Health Journal , 42 : 555 – 570 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bogart , L.M. , Wagner , G.J. , Galvan , F.H. and Klein , D.J. 2010 . Longitudinal relationships between antiretroviral treatment adherence and discrimination due to HIV-serostatus, race, and sexual orientation among African-American men with HIV . Annals of Behavioral Medicine , 40 : 184 – 190 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bogart , L.M. , Wagner , G.J. , Galvan , F.H. , Landrine , H. , Klein , D.J. and Sticklor , L.A. 2011 . Perceived discrimination and mental health symptoms among Black men with HIV . Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology , 17 : 295 – 302 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Catz , S.L. , Gore-Felton , C. and McClure , J.B. 2002 . Psychological distress among minority and low-income women living with HIV . Behavioral Medicine , 28 : 53 – 59 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaudoir , S.R. and Fisher , J.D. 2010 . The disclosure processes model: Understanding disclosure decision making and postdisclosure outcomes among people living with a concealable stigmatized identity . Psychological Bulletin , 136 : 236 – 256 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaudoir , S.R. , Fisher , J.D. and Simoni , J.M. 2011 . Understanding HIV disclosure: A review and application of the disclosure processes model . Social Science & Medicine , 72 : 1618 – 1629 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chesney , M.A. and Smith , A.W. 1999 . Critical delays in HIV testing and care: The potential role of stigma . American Behavioral Scientist , 42 : 1162 – 1174 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Courtney-Quirk , C. , Wolitski , R.J. , Parsons , J.T. and Gomex , C.A. 2006 . Is HIV-related stigma dividing the gay community? Perceptions of HIV-positive men who have sex with men . AIDS Education and Prevention , 18 : 56 – 67 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crandall , C.S. and Coleman , R. 1992 . AIDS-related stigmatization and the disruption of social relationships . Journal of Social and Personal Relationships , 9 : 163 – 177 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Earnshaw , V.A. and Chaudoir , S.R. 2009 . From conceptualizing to measuring HIV stigma: A review of HIV stigma mechanism measures . AIDS and Behavior , 13 : 1160 – 1177 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Earnshaw , V.A. , & Kalichman , S.C. in press . Stigma experienced by people living with HIV/AIDS . In P. Liamputtong Stigma, discrimination, and living with HIV/AIDS: A cross-cultural perspective . New York , NY : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Eaton , L.A. , Kalichman , S.C. and Cherry , C. 2010 . Sexual partner selection and HIV risk reduction among Black and White men who have sex with men . American Journal of Public Health , 100 : 503 – 509 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HIV among Gay, Bisexual and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) . 2010 . Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics/msm/index.htm
   Google Scholar
• Kalichman , S.C. , Amaral , C.M. , White , D. , Swetsze , C. , Pope , H. , Kalichman , M.O. , Eaton , L. 2009 . Prevalence and clinical implications of interactive toxicity beliefs regarding mixing alcohol and antiretroviral therapies among people living with HIV/AIDS . AIDS Patient Care and STDs , 23 , 449 – 454 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalichman , S.C. , DiMarco , M. , Austin , J. , Luke , W. and DiFonzo , K. 2003 . Stress, social support and HIV-status disclosure to family and friends among HIV-positive men and women . Journal of Behavioral Medicine , 26 : 315 – 332 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalichman , S.C. , Simbayi , L.C. , Cloete , A. , Ginindza , T. , Mthembu , P. , Cherry , C. and Cain , D. 2009 . Measuring AIDS stigmas in people living with HIV/AIDS: The internalized AIDS-related stigma scale . AIDS Care , 21 : 87 – 93 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , R.S. , Kochman , A. and Sikkema , K.J. 2002 . Internalized stigma among people living with HIV-AIDS . AIDS and Behavior , 6 : 309 – 319 .
   Google Scholar
• Malebranche , D.J. 2003 . Black men who have sex with men and the HIV epidemic: Next steps for public health . American Journal of Public Health , 93 : 862 – 865 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Millett , G.A. , Peterson , J.L. , Wolitski , R.J. and Stall , R. 2006 . Greater risk for HIV infection of Black men who have sex with men: A critical literature review . American Journal of Public Health , 96 : 1007 – 1019 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radloff , L.S. 1977 . The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population . Applied Psychological Measurement , 1 : 385 – 401 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sayles , J.N. , Ryan , G.W. , Silver , J.S. , Sarkisian , C.A. and Cunningham , W.E. 2007 . Experiences of social stigma and implications for healthcare among a diverse population of HIV positive adults . Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine , 84 : 814 – 828 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sellers , R.M. and Shelton , J.N. 2003 . The role of racial identity in perceived racial discrimination . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 84 : 1079 – 1092 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simbayi , L.C. , Kalichman , S. , Strebel , A. , Cloete , A. , Henda , N. and Mqeketo , A. 2007 . Internalized stigma, discrimination, and depression among men and women living with HIV/AIDS in Cape Town, South Africa . Social Science & Medicine , 64 : 1823 – 1831 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simoni , J.M. and Pantalone , D.W. 2005 . “ HIV disclosure and safer sex ” . In Positive prevention: Sourcebook for HIV prevention with people living with HIV/AIDS , Edited by: Kalichman , S.C. 65 – 98 . New York , NY : Kluwer .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , A. , Miles , I. , Le , B. , Finlayson , T. , Oster , A. and DiNenno , E. 2010 . Prevalence and awareness of HIV infection among men who have sex with men – 21 cities, United States, 2008 . Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report , 59 : 1201 – 1207 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vyavaharkar , M. , Moneyham , L. , Corwin , S. , Saunders , R. , Annang , L. and Tavakoli , A. 2010 . Relationships between stigma, social support, and depression in HIV-infected African American women living in the rural southeastern United States . Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care , 21 : 144 – 152 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zich , J.M. , Attkisson , C.C. and Greenfield , T.K. 1990 . Screening for depression in primary care clinics: The CES-D and the BDI . International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine , 20 : 259 – 277 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar