Sensitivity and specificity of clinician administered screening instruments in detecting depression among HIV-positive individuals in Uganda

References

• Adewuya, A. O., Ola, B. A., & Afolabi, O. O. (2006). Validity of the patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) as a screening tool for depression amongst Nigerian university students. Journal of Affective Disorders, 96, 89–93. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2006.05.021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ammassari, A., Antinori, A., Aloisi, M. S., Trotta, M. P., Murri, R., Bartoli, L., … Starace, F. (2004). Depressive symptoms, neurocognitive impairment, and adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected persons. Psychosomatics, 45, 394–402. doi:10.1176/appi.psy.45.5.394
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baggaley, R. F., Ganaba, R., Filippi, V., Kere, M., Marshall, T., Sombie, I., … Patel, V. (2007). Short communication: Detecting depression after pregnancy the validity of the K10 and K6 in Burkina Faso. Tropical Medicine and International Health, 12(10), 1225–1229. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3156.2007.01906.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bass, J., Neugebauer, R., Clougherty, K. F., Verdeli, H., Wickramaratne, P., Ndogoni, L., … Bolton, P. (2006). Group interpersonal psychotherapy for depression in rural Uganda: 6-month outcomes: Randomised controlled trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 188, 567–573. doi:10.1192/bjp.188.6.567
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck, A. I., Steer, R. A., & Carbin, M. C. (1988). Psychometric properties of the beck depression inventory: Twenty-five years of evaluation. Clinical Psychology Review, 8, 77–100. doi:10.1016/0272-7358(88)90050-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chibanda, D., Mangezi, W., Tshimanga, M., Woelk, G., Rusakaniko, P., Stranix-Chibanda, L., … Shetty, A. K. (2010). Validation of the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale among women in a high HIV prevalence area in urban Zimbabwe. Archives of Women's Mental Health, 13, 201–206. doi:10.1007/s00737-009-0073-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chishinga, N., Kinyanda, E., Weiss, H. A., Patel, V., Ayles, H., & Seedat, S. (2011). Validation of brief screening tools for depressive and alcohol use disorders among TB and HIV patients in primary care in Zambia. BMC Psychiatry, 11, 75. doi:10.1186/1471-244X-11-75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ciesla, J. A., & Roberts, J. E. (2001). Meta-analysis of the relationship between HIV infection and risk for depressive disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158, 725–730. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.5.725
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cruess, D. G., Douglas, S. D., Petitto, J. M., Have, T. T., Gettes, D., Dubé, B., … Evans, D. L. (2005). Association of resolution of major depression with increased natural killer cell activity among HIV-seropositive women. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 2125–2130. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.11.2125
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuijpers, P., van Straten, A., van Schaik, A., & Andersson, G. (2009). Psychological treatment of depression in primary care: A meta-analysis. British Journal of General Practice, 59(559), e51–e6010.3399/bjgp09X395139
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans, D. L., Ten Have, T. R., Douglas, S. D., Gettes, D. R., Morrison, M., Chiappini, M. S., … Petitto, J. M. (2002). Association of depression with viral load, CD8 T lymphocytes, and natural killer cells in women with HIV infection. American Journal of Psychiatry, 159, 1752–1759. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.10.1752
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fischer, J. E., Bachmann, L. M., & Jaeschke, R. (2003). A readers’ guide to the interpretation of diagnostic test properties. Clinical example of sepsis. Intensive Care Medicine, 29(7), 1043–1051. doi:10.1007/s00134-003-1761-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalez, J. S., Batchelder, A. W., Psaros, C., & Safren, S. A. (2011). Depression and HIV/AIDS treatment nonadherence: A review and meta-analysis. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, 58, 181–187. Retrieved from www.medscape.com/viewarticle/750581.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hand, G. A., Phillips, K. D., & Dudgeon, W. D. (2006). Perceived stress in HIV-infected individuals: Physiological and psychological correlates. AIDS Care, 18(8), 1011–1017. doi:10.1080/09540120600568376
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horberg, M. A., Silverberg, M. J., Hurley, L. B., Towner, W. J., Klein, D. B., Bersoff-Matcha, S., … Kovach, D. A. (2008). Effects of depression and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor use on adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy and on clinical outcomes in HIV-infected patients. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 47, 384–390. doi:10.1097/QAI.0b013e318160d53e
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ickovics, J. R., Hamburger, M. E., Vlahov, D., Schoenbaum, E. E., Schuman, P., Boland, R. J., Moore, J. (2001). Mortality, CD4 cell count decline, and depressive symptoms among HIV-seropositive women: Longitudinal analysis from the HIV Epidemiology Research Study. JAMA, 285, 1466–1474. doi:10.1001/jama.285.11.1466
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaharuza, F. M., Bunnell, R., Moss, S., Purcell, D. W., Bikaako-Kajura, W., Wamai, N., … Mermin, J. (2006). Depression and CD4 cell count among persons with HIV Infection in Uganda. AIDS and Behavior, 10, S105–S111. doi:10.1007/s10461-006-9142-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessler, C., Andrews, G., Colpe, L. J., Hiripi, E., Mroczek, D. K., Normand, S. L. T., … Zaslavsky, A. M. (2002). Short screening scales to monitor population prevalences and trends in non-specific psychological distress. Psychological Medicine, 32, 959–976. doi:10.1017/S0033291702006074
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ministry of Health of Uganda. (2012). HIV/AIDS sero-behavioural survey. UHSBS: Uganda.
   Google Scholar
• Mogga, S., Prince, M., Alem, A., Kebede, D., Stewart, R., Glozier, N., & Hotopf, M. (2006). Outcome of major depression in Ethiopia: Population-based study. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 189, 241–246. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.105.013417
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monahan, P. O., Shacham, E., Reece, M., Kroenke, K., Ong'or, W. O., Omollo, O., … Ojwang, C. (2008). Validity/reliability of PHQ-9 and PHQ-2 depression scales among adults living with HIV/AIDS in Western Kenya. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 24(2), 189–197. doi:10.1007/s11606-008-0846-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murray, C. J. L., & Lopez, A. D. (1997). Global mortality, disability, and the contribution of risk factors: Global burden of disease study. Lancet, 349, 1436–1442. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(96)07495-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myer, L., Smit, J., Roux, L. L., Parker, S., Stein, D. J., & Seedat, S. (2008). Common mental disorders among HIV-infected individuals in South Africa: Prevalence, predictors, and validation of brief psychiatric rating scales. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 22(2), 147–15810.1089/apc.2007.0102
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakasujja, N., Skolasky, R. L., Musisi, S., Allebeck, P., Robertson, K., Ronald, A., … Sacktor, N. (2010). Depression symptoms and cognitive function among individuals with advanced HIV infection initiating HAART in Uganda. BMC Psychiatry, 10, 44. doi:10.1186/1471-244X-10-44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakimuli-Mpungu, E., Bass, J. K., Alexandre, P., Mills, E. J., Musisi, S., Ram, M., … Nachega, J. B. (2011). Depression, alcohol use and adherence to antiretroviral therapy in sub-saharan Africa: A systematic review. AIDS and Behavior, 15, 376–388. doi:10.1007/s10461-010-9836-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olatunji, B. O., Mimiaga, M. J., O'Cleirigh, C., & Safren, S. A. (2006). Review of treatment studies of depression in HIV. Topics in HIV Medicine, 14(3), 112–124. Retrieved from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16946456.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Patel, V. (2007). Mental health in low- and middle-income countries. British Medical Bulletin, 81(82), 81–96. doi:10.1093/bmb/ldm010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel, V., Arayaa, R., Chowdharya, N., Kinga, M., Kirkwooda, B., Nayaka, S., … Weiss, H. A. (2008). Detecting common mental disorders in primary care in India: A comparison of five screening questionnaires. Psychological Medicine, 38(2), 221–228. doi:10.1017/S0033291707002334
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prince, M., Patel, V., Saxena, S., Maj, M., Maselko, J., Phillips, M. R., & Rahm, A. (2007). Global mental health 1. No health without mental health. Lancet, 370, 859–877. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61238-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rabkin, J. G, Williams, J. B., Remien, R. H., Goetz, R., Kertzner, R., & Gorman, J. M. (1991). Depression, distress, lymphocyte subsets, and human immunodeficiency virus symptoms on two occasions in HIV-positive homosexual men. Archives of General Psychiatry, 48(2), 111–119. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1991.01810260019002
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Radloff, L. S. (1977). Center for epidemiologic studies depression scale. CESD, National Institutes of Mental Health (N.I.M.H.), Center for Epidemiologic Studies, West Publishing Company.
   Google Scholar
• Sheehan, D. V., Lecrubier, Y., & Harnett-Sheehan, K. (1998). The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): The development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 59(20), 22–33. Retrieved from www.nccpsychiatry.info/File/MINI500.pdf
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simbayi, L. C., Kalichman, S., Strebel, A., Cloete, A., Henda, N., & Mqeketo, A. (2007). Internalized stigma, discrimination, and depression among men and women living with HIV/AIDS in Cape Town, South Africa. Social Science and Medicine, 64, 1823–1831. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.01.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spies, G., Kader, A., Kidd, M., Smit, J., Myer, L., Stein, D., & Seedat, S. (2009). Validity of the K-10 in detecting DSM-IV-defined depression and anxiety disorders among HIV-infected individuals. AIDS Care, 21(9), 1163–1168. doi:10.1080/09540120902729965
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• STATA. (2011). StataCorp LP, Statistics/Data Analysis. College Station, TX: STATA. Retrieved from http://www.stata.com
   Google Scholar
• Swets, J. A. (1998). Measuring the accuracy of diagnostic systems. Science, 240(4857), 1285–1293. doi:10.1126/science.3287615 Retrieved from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3287615
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waraich, P., Goldner, E. M., Somers, J. M., & Hsu, L. (2004). Prevalence and incidence studies of mood disorders: A systematic review of the literature. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 49(2), 124–138. Retrieved from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15065747
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization Media Centre. (2011). Burden of HIV/AIDS worldwide, Fact sheet No. 360. Geneva.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2011). Mental Health Report, managment of depression. Retrieved from www.who.int/mental_health/management/depression/definition/en/
   Google Scholar