Gender differences in HIV-related stigma in Kenya

References

• Alary, M., Mukenge-Tshibaka, L., Bernier, F., Geraldo, N., Lowndes, C. M., Meda, H., … Joly, J. R. (2002). Decline in the prevalence of HIV and sexually transmitted diseases among female sex workers in Cotonou, Benin, 1993–1999. AIDS, 16(3), 463–470. doi:10.1097/00002030-200202150-00019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayenew, A., Leykun, A., Colebunders, R., & Deribew, A. (2010). Predictors of HIV testing among patients with tuberculosis in North West Ethiopia: A case-control study. PLoS One, 5(3), e9702. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009702
   Google Scholar
• Campbell, C., & Deacon, H. (2006). Unravelling the contexts of stigma: From internalisation to resistance to change. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 16(6), 411–417. doi:10.1002/casp.901
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foreman, M., Taylor, J., & Craw, J. (2009). The 3rd epidemic: Repercussions of the fear of AIDS. London: Panos Publication Limited.
   Google Scholar
• Gerbert, B., Sumser, J., & Maguire, B. T. (1991). The impact of who you know and where you live on opinions about aids and health-care. Social Science & Medicine, 32(6), 677–681. doi:10.1016/0277-9536(91)90146-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillespie, S., Kadiyala, S., & Greener, R. (2007). Is poverty or wealth driving HIV transmission? AIDS, 21(Suppl. 7), S5–S16. Retrieved from http://journals.lww.com/aidsonline/Fulltext/2007/11007/Is_poverty_or_wealth_driving_HIV_transmission_.2.aspx
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haile, B. J., Chambers, J. W., & Garrison, J. L. (2007). Correlates of HIV knowledge and testing: Results of a 2003 South African survey. Journal of Black Studies, 38(2), 194–208. Retrieved from http://jbs.sagepub.com/content/38/2/194.short
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamra, M., Ross, M. W., Karuri, K., Orrs, M., & D'Agostino, A. (2005). The relationship between expressed HIV/AIDS-related stigma and beliefs and knowledge about care and support of people living with AIDS in families caring for HIV-infected children in Kenya. AIDS Care, 17, 911–922. doi:10.1080/09540120500100593
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamra, M., Ross, M. W., Orrs, M., & D'Agostino, A. (2006). Relationship between expressed HIV/AIDS-related stigma and HIV-beliefs/knowledge and behaviour in families of HIV infected children in Kenya. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 11(4), 513–527. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3156.2006.01583.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harvey, R. J., & Hammer, A. L. (1999). Item response theory. The Counseling Psychologist, 27(3), 353–383. doi:10.1177/0011000099273004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herek, G. M., & Glunt, E. K. (1988). An epidemic of stigma: Public reactions to AIDS. American Psychologist, 43(11), 886–891. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.43.11.886
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ijumba, K., Gamieldien, R., Myer, L., & Morroni, C. (2004). Sexual risk behaviours are influenced by knowing someone with HIV/AIDS. South African Medical Journal, 94(7), 522–523. Retrieved from http://www.samj.org.za/index.php/samj/article/view/2629/1860
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalichman, S. C., & Simbayi, L. C. (2003). HIV testing attitudes, AIDS stigma, and voluntary HIV counselling and testing in a black township in Cape Town, South Africa. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 79(6), 442–447. doi:10.1136/sti.79.6.442
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS) & ICF Macro. (2010). Kenya demographic and health survey 2008–09. Calverton, Maryland: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, R. S., Kochman, A., & Sikkema, K. J. (2002). Internalized stigma among people living with HIV-AIDS. AIDS and Behavior, 6(4), 309–319. doi:10.1023/A:1021144511957
   Google Scholar
• Logie, C., & Gadalla, T. M. (2009). Meta-analysis of health and demographic correlates of stigma towards people living with HIV. AIDS Care, 21, 742–753. doi:10.1080/09540120802511877
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahajan, A. P., Sayles, J. N., Patel, V. A., Remien, R. H., Ortiz, D., Szekeres, G., & Coates, T. J. (2008). Stigma in the HIV/AIDS epidemic: A review of the literature and recommendations for the way forward. AIDS, 22(Suppl. 2), S67–S79. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2835402/
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mann, J., Tarantola, D. J. M., & Netter, T. W. (1992). AIDS in the world. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Menard, S. W. (2002). Applied logistic regression analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Nanda, S., & Pramanik, A. (2010). Media exposure, gender stereotype and contextual stigma perceptions about HIV and AIDS. Journal of Health Management, 12(4), 461–481. doi:10.1177/097206341001200404
   Google Scholar
• Parker, R., & Aggleton, P. (2003). HIV and AIDS-related stigma and discrimination: A conceptual framework and implications for action. Social Science and Medicine, 57(1), 13–24. doi:10.1016/S0277-9536(02)00304-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peters, P. E., Kambewa, D., & Walker, P. A. (2010). Contestations over “tradition” and “culture” in a time of AIDS. Medical Anthropology, 29(3), 278–302. doi:10.1080/01459740.2010.488661
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rankin, W. W., Brennan, S., Schell, E., Laviwa, J., & Rankin, S. H. (2005). The stigma of being HIV-Positive in Africa. PLoS Medicine, 2(8), e247–e247. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0020247
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SAS Institute. (2012). JMP (Version 9). Cary, NC: SAS Institute.
   Google Scholar
• StataCorp. (2009). Stata statistical software: Release 11. College Station, TX: StataCorp LP.
   Google Scholar
• Turan, J. M., Bukusi, E. A., Onono, M., Holzemer, W. L., Miller, S., & Cohen, C. R. (2010). HIV/AIDS stigma and refusal of HIV testing among pregnant women in rural Kenya: Results from the MAMAS study. AIDS and Behavior, 15(6), 1111–1120. Retrieved from http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10461-010-9798-5#page-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanable, P. A., Carey, M. P., Blair, D. C., & Littlewood, R. A. (2006). Impact of HIV-related stigma on health behaviors and psychological adjustment among HIV-positive men and women. AIDS and Behavior, 10(5), 473–482. doi:10.1007/s10461-006-9099-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Brakel, W. H. (2006). Measuring health-related stigma – A literature review. Psychology, Health and Medicine, 11(3), 307–334. doi:10.1080/13548500600595160
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Visser, M. J., Makin, J. D., Vandormael, A., Sikkema, K. J., & Forsyth, B. W. C. C. (2009). HIV/AIDS stigma in a South African community. AIDS Care, 21, 197–206. doi:10.1080/09540120801932157
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warwick, Z. (2006). The influence of antiretroviral therapy on the uptake of HIV testing in Tutume, Botswana. International Journal of STD & AIDS, 17(7), 479–481. doi:10.1258/095646206777689189
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yebei, V. N., Fortenberry, J. D., & Ayuku, D. O. (2008). Felt stigma among people living with HIV/AIDS in rural and urban Kenya. African Health Sciences, 8(2), 97–102. Retrieved from http://www.ajol.info/index.php/ahs/article/view/7057/58343
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar