The importance of caregivers in the outcome of pediatric HIV management, Mombasa, Kenya

References

• Bolton-Moore, C., Mubiana-Mbewe, M., Cantrell, R. A., Chintu, N., Stringer, E. M., Chi, B. H., … Stringer, J. S. A. (2007). Clinical outcomes and CD4 cell response in children receiving antiretroviral therapy at primary health care facilities in Zambia. JAMA, 298(16), 1888–1899. doi:10.1001/jama.298.16.1888
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chi, B. H., Cantrell, R. A., Zulu, I., Mulenga, L. B., Levy, J. W., Tambatamba, B. C., … Stringer, J. S. (2009). Adherence to first-line antiretroviral therapy affects non-virologic outcomes among patients on treatment for more than 12 months in Lusaka, Zambia. International Journal of Epidemiology, 38(3), 746–756. doi:10.1093/ije/dyp004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chintu, C., Bhat, G. J., Walker, A. S., Mulenga, V., Sinyinza, F., Lishimpi, K., … CHAP Trial Team. (2004). Co-trimoxazole as prophylaxis against opportunistic infections in HIV-infected Zambian children (CHAP): A double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet, 364, 1865–1871. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17442-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ciaranello, A. L., Chang, Y., Margulis, A. V., Bernstein, A., Bassett, I. V., Losina, E., & Walensky, R. P. (2009). Effectiveness of pediatric antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 49(12), 1915–1927. doi:10.1086/648079
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies, M.-A., Boulle, A., Fakir, T., Nuttall, J., & Eley, B. (2008). Adherence to antiretroviral therapy in young children in Cape Town, South Africa, measured by medication return and caregiver self-report: A prospective cohort study. BMC Pediatrics, 8(1), 34. doi:10.1186/1471-2431-8-34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Beaudrap, P., Rouet, F., Fassinou, P., Kouakoussui, A., Mercier, S., Ecochard, R., & Msellati, P. (2008). CD4 cell response before and after HAART initiation according to viral load and growth indicators in HIV-1-infected children in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 49(1), 70–76. doi:10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181831847
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Farley, J., Hines, S., Musk, A., Ferrus, S., & Tepper, V. (2003). Assessment of adherence to antiviral therapy in HIV-infected children using the Medication Event Monitoring System, pharmacy refill, provider assessment, caregiver self-report, and appointment keeping. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 33(2), 211–218. doi:10.1097/00126334-200306010-00016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fassinou, P., Elenga, N., Rouet, F., Laguide, R., Kouakoussui, K. A., Timite, M., … Msellati, P. (2004). Highly active antiretroviral therapies among HIV-1-infected children in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. AIDS, 18(14), 1905–1913. doi:10.1097/00002030-200409240-00006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giacomet, V., Albano, F., Starace, F., Franciscis, A., Giaquinto, C., Gattinara, G. C., … Guarino, A. (2003). Adherence to antiretroviral therapy and its determinants in children with human immunodeficiency virus infection: A multicentre, national study. Acta Paediatrica, 92(12), 1398–1402. doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2003.tb00822.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giannattasio, A., Albano, F., Giacomet, V., & Guarino, A. (2009). The changing pattern of adherence to antiretroviral therapy assessed at two time points, 12 months apart, in a cohort of HIV-infected children. Expert Opinion Pharmacotherapy, 10(17), 2773–2778. doi:10.1517/14656560903376178
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldman, J. D., Cantrell, R. A., Mulenga, L. B., Tambatamba, B. C., Reid, S. E., Levy, J. W., … Chi, B. H. (2008). Simple adherence assessments to predict virologic failure among HIV-infected adults with discordant immunologic and clinical responses to antiretroviral therapy. AIDS Research Human Retroviruses, 24(8), 1031–1035. doi:10.1089/aid.2008.0035
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaspan, H. B., Berrisford, A. E., & Boulle, A. M. (2008). Two-year outcomes of children on non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and protease inhibitor regimens in a South African pediatric antiretroviral program. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 27(11), 993–998. doi:10.1097/INF.0b013e31817acf7b
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jennings, C., Fiscus, S. A., Crowe, S. M., Danilovic, A. D., Morack, R. J., Scianna, S., … Bremer, J. W. (2005). Comparison of two human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA surrogate assays to the standard HIV RNA assay. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 43(12), 5950–5956. doi:10.1128/JCM.43.12.5950-5956.2005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katko, E., Johnson, G. M., Fowler, S. L., Turner, R. B. (2001). Assessment of adherence with medications in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 20(12), 1174–1176. doi:10.1097/00006454-200112000-00017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kekitiinwa, A., Lee, K. J., Walker, A. S., Maganda, A., Doerholt, K., Kitaka, S. B., … Gibb, D. M. (2008). Differences in factors associated with initial growth, CD4, and viral load responses to ART in HIV-infected children in Kampala, Uganda, and the United Kingdom/Ireland. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 49(4), 384–392. doi:10.1097/QAI.0b013e31818cdef5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marhefka, S., Tepper, V., Farley, J., Sleasman, J., & Mellins, C. (2006). Brief report: Assessing adherence to pediatric antiretroviral regimens using the 24-hour recall interview. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 31(9), 989–994. doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsj107
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marhefka, S. L., Tepper, V. J., Brown, J. L., & Farley, J. J. (2006). Caregiver psychosocial characteristics and children's adherence to antiretroviral therapy. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 20(6), 429–437. doi:10.1089/apc.2006.20.429
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muller, A. D., Bode, S. D., Myer, L. P., Roux, P. M. M., & von Steinbuchel NPDRBH. (2008). Electronic measurement of adherence to pediatric antiretroviral therapy in South Africa. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 27(3), 257–262. doi:10.1097/INF.0b013e31815b1ad4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National AIDS and STD Control Programme MoH, Government of Kenya. (2005). Guidelines for antiretroviral drug therapy in Kenya. Nairobi: Ministry of Health.
   Google Scholar
• Newell, M.-L., Coovadia, H., Cortina-Borja, M., Rollins, N., Gaillard, P., & Dabis, F. (2004). Mortality of infected and uninfected infants born to HIV-infected mothers in Africa: A pooled analysis. Lancet, 364(9441), 1236–1243. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17140-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nyandiko, W. M., Ayaya, S., Nabakwe, E., Tenge, C., Sidle, J. E., Yiannoutsos, C. T., … Tierney, W. M. (2006). Outcomes of HIV-infected orphaned and non-orphaned children on antiretroviral therapy in western Kenya. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 43(4), 418–425. doi:10.1097/01.qai.0000243122.52282.89
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Brien, D. P., Sauvageot, D., Zachariah, R., & Humblet, P. (2006). In resource-limited settings good early outcomes can be achieved in children using adult fixed-dose combination antiretroviral therapy. AIDS, 20(15), 1955–1960. doi:10.1097/01.aids.0000247117.66585.ce
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polisset, J., Ametonou, F., Arrive, E., Aho, A., & Perez, F. (2009). Correlates of adherence to antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected children in Lome, Togo, West Africa. AIDS Behavior, 13(1), 23–32. doi:10.1007/s10461-008-9437-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reddi, A., Leeper, S. C., Grobler, A. C., Geddes, R., France, K. H., Dorse, G. L., … Giddy, J. (2007). Preliminary outcomes of a paediatric highly active antiretroviral therapy cohort from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. BMC Pediatrics, 7(1), 13. doi:10.1186/1471-2431-7-13
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rouet, F., Fassinou, P., Inwoley, A., Anaky, M.-F., Kouakoussui, A., Rouzioux, C., … Msellati, P. (2006). Long-term survival and immuno-virological response of African HIV-1-infected children to highly active antiretroviral therapy regimens. AIDS, 20(18), 2315–2319. doi:10.1097/QAD.0b013e328010943b
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simoni, J. M., Montgomery, A., Martin, E., New, M., Demas, P. A., & Rana, S. (2007). Adherence to antiretroviral therapy for pediatric HIV infection: A qualitative systematic review with recommendations for research and clinical management. Pediatrics, 119(6), e1371–1383. doi:10.1542/peds.2006-1232
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sivapalasingam, S., Wangechi, B., Marshed, F., Laverty, M., Essajee, S., Holzman, R. S., … Diemert, D. J. (2009). Monitoring virologic responses to antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected adults in Kenya: Evaluation of a low-cost viral load assay. PLoS ONE, 4(8), e6828. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006828
   Google Scholar
• Song, R., Jelagat, J., Dzombo, D., Mwalimu, M., Mandaliya, K., Shikely, K., & Essajee, S. (2007). Efficacy of highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1 infected children in Kenya. Pediatrics, 120(4), e856–861. doi:10.1542/peds.2006-1122
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steegen, K., Luchters, S., De Cabooter, N., Reynaerts, J., Mandaliya, K., Plum, J., … Temmerman, M. (2007). Evaluation of two commercially available alternatives for HIV-1 viral load testing in resource-limited settings. Journal Virology Methods, 146(1–2), 178–187. doi:10.1016/j.jviromet.2007.06.019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker, A. S., Ford, D., Mulenga, V., Thomason, M. J., Nunn, A., Chintu, C., … Bangsberg, D. R. (2009). Adherence to both cotrimoxazole and placebo is associated with improved survival among HIV-infected Zambian children. AIDS Behavior, 13(1), 33–41. doi:10.1007/s10461-008-9382-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wamalwa, D. C., Farquhar, C., Obimbo, E. M., Selig, S., Mbori-Ngacha, D. A., Richardson, B. A., … John-Stewart, G. (2007). Early response to highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1-infected Kenyan children. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 45(3), 311–317.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson, D. C., & Farley, J. J. (1999). Efficacy of and adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 18(8), 682–689. doi:10.1097/00006454-199908000-00006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weidle, P. J., Wamai, N., Solberg, P., Liechty, C., Sendagala, S., Were, W., … Ransom, R. L. (2006). Adherence to antiretroviral therapy in a home-based AIDS care programme in rural Uganda. The Lancet, 368(9547), 1587–1594. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69118-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, P. L., Storm, D., Montepiedra, G., Nichols, S., Kammerer, B., Sirois, P. A., … PACTG 219C Team. (2006). Predictors of adherence to antiretroviral medications in children and adolescents with HIV infection. Pediatrics, 118(6), e1745–1757. doi:10.1542/peds.2006-0493
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2008). Towards universal access: Scaling up priority HIV/AIDS interventions in the health sector: Progress report 2008. Geneva: Author.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization HAP. (2009). Priority interventions: HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment and care in the health sector. Geneva: Author.
   Google Scholar