References
- Antinori, A., Coenen, T., Costagiola, D., Dedes, N., Ellefson, M., Gatell, J., … De Wolf, F. (2011). Late presentation of HIV infection: A consensus definition. HIV Medicine, 12(1), 61–64. doi:10.1111/j.1468-1293.2010.00857.x
- Attia, S., Egger, M., Muller, M., Zwahlen, M., & Low, N. (2009). Sexual transmission of HIV according to viral load and antiretroviral therapy: Systematic review and meta-analysis. AIDS, 23(11), 1397–1404. doi:10.1097/QAD.0b013e32832b7dca
- Bayer, R., & Edington, C. (2009). HIV testing, human rights and global AIDS policy: Exceptionalism and its discontents. Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law, 34, 301–323. doi:10.1215/03616878-2009-002
- Burke, R. C., Sepkowitz, K. A., Bernstein, K. T., Karpati, A. M., Myers, J. E., Tsoi, B. W., & Begier, E. M. (2007). Why don't physicians test for HIV? A review of the US literature. AIDS, 21, 1617–1624. doi:10.1097/QAD.0b013e32823f91ff
- Burns, F. M., Imrie, J. Y., Nazroo, J., Johnson, A. M., & Fenton, K. A. (2007). Why the(y) wait? Key informant understandings of factors contributing to late presentation and poor utilization of HIV health and social care services by African migrants in Britain. AIDS Care, 19, 102–108. doi:10.1080/09540120600908440
- Burris, S., Wagenaar, A. C., Swanson, J., Ibrahim, J. K., Wood, J., & Mello, M. M. (2010). Making the case for laws that improve health: A framework for public health law research. Milbank Quarterly, 88, 169–210. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0009.2010.00595.x
- Cabana, M. D., Rand, C. S., Powe, N. R., Wu, A. W., Wilson, M. H., Abboud, P. A., & Rubin, H. R. (1999). Why don't physicians follow clinical practice guidelines? A framework for improvement. Journal of the American Medical Association, 282, 1458–1465. doi:10.1001/jama.282.15.1458
- Chadborn, T. R., Delpech, V. C., Sabin, C. A., Sinka, K., & Evans, B. G. (2006). The late diagnosis and consequent short-term mortality of HIV-infected heterosexuals (England and Wales, 2000–2004). AIDS, 20, 2371–2379. doi:10.1097/QAD.0b013e32801138f7
- Cohen, M. S., Chen, Y. Q., McCauley, M., Gamble, T., Hosseinipour, M. C., Kumarasamy, N., … Fleming, T. R. (2011). Prevention of HIV-1 infection with early antiretroviral therapy. The New England Journal of Medicine, 365, 493–505. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1105243
- Deblonde, J., De Koker, P., Hamers, F. F., Fontaine, J., Luchters, S., & Temmerman, M. (2010). Barriers to HIV testing in Europe: A systematic review. The European Journal of Public Health, 20, 422–432. doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckp231
- Deblonde, J., Meulemans, H., Callens, S., Luchters, S., Temmerman, M., & Hamers, F. F. (2011). HIV testing in Europe: Mapping policies. Health Policy, 103(2–3), 101–110. doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2011.06.012
- Donnell, D., Baeten, J. M., Kiarie, J., Thomas, K. K., Stevens, W., Cohen, C. R., … Celum, C. (2010). Heterosexual HIV-1 transmission after initiation of antiretroviral therapy: A prospective cohort analysis. The Lancet, 375, 2092–2098. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60705-2
- ECDC. (2010). HIV testing: Increasing uptake and effectiveness in the European Union. Guidance. Stockholm: Author.
- ECDC/WHO-Europe. (2010). HIV/AIDS surveillance in Europe 2009. Stockholm: Author. Retrieved from http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications/Publications/101129_SUR_HIV_2009.pdf
- ECDC/WHO-Europe. (2011). HIV/AIDS surveillance in Europe 2010. Stockholm: Author. Retrieved from http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications/Publications/111129_SUR_Annual_HIV_Report.pdf
- EU. (2004). Dublin declaration on partnership to fight HIV/AIDS in Europe and Central Asia. Dublin: Irish EU Presidency. Retrieved from http://www.osce.org/documents/sg/2004/02/2664_en.pdf
- Galea, S., & Tracy, M. (2007). Participation rates in epidemiologic studies. Annals of Epidemiology, 17, 643–653. doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2007.03.013
- Graham, S. M., Holte, S. E., Peshu, N. M., Richardson, B. A., Panteleeff, D. D., Jaoko, W. G., … McClelland, R. S. (2007). Initiation of antiretroviral therapy leads to a rapid decline in cervical and vaginal HIV-1 shedding. AIDS, 21, 501–507. doi:10.1097/QAD.0b013e32801424bd
- Hemminki, E., Regushevskaya, E., Ruutel, K., Barros, H., Niemiec, T., Nikula, M., … Deblonde, J. (2012). Is HIV testing normal or special? Opinions of health professionals in four European countries in 2008. AIDS Care, 24, 91–99. doi:10.1080/09540121.2011.592819
- Kellerman, S. E., Lehman, J. S., Lansky, A., Stevens, M. R., Hecht, F. M., Bindman, A. B., & Wortley, P. M. (2002). HIV testing within at-risk populations in the United States and the reasons for seeking or avoiding HIV testing. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 31, 202–210. doi:10.1097/00126334-200210010-00011
- Kitahata, M. M., Gange, S. J., Abraham, A. G., Merriman, B., Saag, M. S., Justice, A. C., … Moore, R. D. (2009). Effect of early versus deferred antiretroviral therapy for HIV on survival. The New England Journal of Medicine, 360, 1815–1826. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0807252
- MacKellar, D. A., Valleroy, L. A., Secura, G. M., Bartholow, B. N., McFarland, W., Shehan, D., … Janssen, R. S. (2002). Repeat HIV testing, risk behaviors, and HIV seroconversion among young men who have sex with men: A call to monitor and improve the practice of prevention. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 29(1), 76–85. Retrieved from http://journals.lww.com/jaids/pages/articleviewer.aspx?year=2002&issue=01010&article=00011&type=abstract
- Marcelin, A. G., Tubiana, R., Lambert-Niclot, S., Lefebvre, G., Dominguez, S., Bonmarchand, M., … Poirot, C. (2008). Detection of HIV-1 RNA in seminal plasma samples from treated patients with undetectable HIV-1 RNA in blood plasma. AIDS, 22, 1677–1679. doi:10.1097/QAD.0b013e32830abdc8
- Mikolajczak, J., Hospers, H. J., & Kok, G. (2006). Reasons for not taking an HIV-test among untested men who have sex with men: An Internet study. AIDS and Behavior, 10, 431–435. doi:10.1007/s10461-006-9068-8
- Mills, C. W., Sabharwal, C. J., Udeagu, C. C., Bocour, A., Bodach, S., Shepard, C., & Begier, E. M. (2011). Barriers to HIV testing among HIV/AIDS concurrently diagnosed persons in New York city. Sexually Transmitted Disease, 38, 715–721.
- Ostermann, J., Kumar, V., Pence, B. W., & Whetten, K. (2007). Trends in HIV testing and differences between planned and actual testing in the United States, 2000–2005. Archives of Internal Medicine, 167, 2128–2135. doi:10.1001/archinte.167.19.2128
- UNAIDS. (2010). Report on the global AIDS epidemic. Geneva: Author. Retrieved from http://www.unaids.org/GlobalReport/Global_report.htm
- UNGASS. (2001). UN Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS. Retrieved from http://www.icaso.org/resources/UNGASS_DoC.pdf
- Vanden Berghe, W., Nostlinger, C., Buve, A., Beelaert, G., Fransen, K., & Laga, M. (2011). A venue-based HIV prevalence and behavioural study among men who have sex with men in Antwerp and Ghent, Flanders, Belgium, October 2009 to March 2010. European Surveillance, 16(28).
- Waters, L., & Sabin, C. A. (2011). Late HIV presentation: Epidemiology, clinical implications and management. Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 9, 877–889. doi:10.1586/eri.11.106
- WHO-Europe. (2010). Policy framework. Scaling up HIV testing and counselling in the WHO European Region. Copenhagen: Author. Retrieved from http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/85489/E93715.pdf.
- WHO/UNAIDS. (2007). Guidance on provider-initiated HIV testing and counselling in health facilities. Geneva: Author. Retrieved from http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2007/9789241595568_eng.pdf.