Factors associated with desire for children among HIV-infected women and men: A quantitative and qualitative analysis from Malawi and implications for the delivery of safer conception counseling

References

• Bekker, L. G., Black, V., Myer, L., Rees, H., Cooper, D., Mall, S., … Schwartz, S. (2011). Guideline on safer conception in fertile HIV-infected individuals and couples. South African Journal of HIV Medicine, 12(2), 31–44.
   Google Scholar
• Brubaker, S. G., Bukusi, E. A., Odoyo, J., Achando, J., Okumu, A., & Cohen, C. R. (2011). Pregnancy and HIV transmission among HIV-discordant couples in a clinical trial in Kisumu, Kenya. HIV Medicine, 12, 316–321. doi:10.1111/j.1468-1293.2010.00884.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burns, D. N., Landesman, S., Minkoff, H., Wright, D. J., Waters, D., Mitchell, R. M., … Goedert, J. J. (1998). The influence of pregnancy on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection: antepartum and postpartum changes in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 viral load. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 178, 355–359. doi:10.1016/S0002-9378(98)80025-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caroline, L., Nathalie, W., Diedon, H. A., Robert, K., Idovide, S., & Yvon, E. (2011). Women's desire for children in an HIV population: A clinical pilot study in Burkina Faso. Current HIV Research, 9, 346–351. doi:10.2174/157016211797635973
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper, D., Harries, J., Myer, L., Orner, P., Bracken, H., & Zweigenthal, V. (2007). Life is still going on: Reproductive intentions among HIV-positive women and men in South Africa. Social Science & Medicine, 65, 274–283. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.03.019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper, D., Moodley, J., Zweigenthal, V., Bekker, L. G., Shah, I., & Myer, L. (2009). Fertility intentions and reproductive health care needs of people living with HIV in Cape Town, South Africa: Implications for integrating reproductive health and HIV care services. AIDS Behavior, 13(Suppl. 1), 38–46. doi:10.1007/s10461-009-9550-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ekouevi, D. K., Inwoley, A., Tonwe-Gold, B., Danel, C., Becquet, R., Viho, I., … Leroy, V. (2007). Variation of CD4 count and percentage during pregnancy and after delivery: Implications for HAART initiation in resource-limited settings. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 23, 1469–1474. doi:10.1089/aid.2007.0059
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibb, D. M., Kizito, H., Russell, E. C., Chidziva, E., Zalwango, E., Nalumenya, R., … DART trial team. (2012). Pregnancy and infant outcomes among HIV-infected women taking long-term ART with and without tenofovir in the DART trial. PLoS Medicine, 9, e1001217. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001217
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayford, S. R., & Agadjanian, V. (2010). Providers' views concerning family planning service delivery to HIV-positive women in Mozambique. Studies in Family Planning, 41, 291–300. doi:10.1111/j.1728-4465.2010.00254.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kipp, W., Heys, J., Jhangri, G. S., Alibhai, A., & Rubaale, T. (2011). Impact of antiretroviral therapy on fertility desires among HIV-infected persons in rural Uganda. Reproductive Health, 8, 27. doi:10.1186/1742-4755-8-27
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maier, M., Andia, I., Emenyonu, N., Guzman, D., Kaida, A., Pepper, L., … Bangsberg, D. (2009) Antiretroviral therapy is associated with increased fertility desire, but not pregnancy or live birth, among HIV+ women in an early HIV treatment program in rural Uganda. AIDS Behavior, 13(Suppl. 1), 28–37. doi:10.1007/s10461-008-9371-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malawi Ministry of Health. (2011). Malawi guidelines for clinical management of HIV in adults and children (1st ed.). Retrieved from http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/documents/s18802en/s18802en.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Matthews, L. T., Smit, J. A., Cu-Uvin, S., & Cohan, D. (2012). Antiretrovirals and safer conception for HIV-serodiscordant couples. Current Opinion in HIV AIDS, 7, 569–578. doi:10.1097/COH.0b013e328358bac9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Myer, L., Carter, R. J., Katyal, M., Toro, P., El-Sadr, W. M., & Abrams, E. J. (2010). Impact of antiretroviral therapy on incidence of pregnancy among HIV-infected women in Sub-Saharan Africa: A cohort study. PLoS Medicine, 7, e1000229. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000229
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Statistical Office/ICF. 2011. Malawi demographic and health survey 2010. Zomba, Malawi and Calverton, MD: Author. Retrieved from http://www.measuredhs.com/pubs/pdf/FR247/FR247.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Nduna, M., & Farlane, L. (2009). Women living with HIV in South Africa and their concerns about fertility. AIDS Behavior, 13(Suppl. 1), 62–65. doi:10.1007/s10461-009-9545-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaan, M. M., Taylor, M., Puvimanasinghe, J., Busang, L., Keapoletswe, K., & Marlink, R. (2012). Sexual and reproductive health needs of HIV-positive women in Botswana – A study of health care worker's views. AIDS Care, 24, 1120–1125. doi:10.1080/09540121.2012.672814
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz, S. R., Mehta, S. H., Taha, T. E., Rees, H. V., Venter, F., & Black, V. (2012). High pregnancy intentions and missed opportunities for patient-provider communication about fertility in a South African cohort of HIV-positive women on antiretroviral therapy. AIDS Behavior, 16(1), 69–78. doi:10.1007/s10461-011-9981-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taulo, F., Berry, M., Tsui, A., Makanani, B., Kafulafula, G., Li, Q., … Taha, T. E. (2009). Fertility intentions of HIV-1 infected and uninfected women in Malawi: A longitudinal study. AIDS Behavior, 13(Suppl. 1), 20–27. doi:10.1007/s10461-009-9547-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tuomala, R. E., Kalish, L. A., Zorilla, C., Fox, H., Shearer, W., Landay, A., … Burns, D. (1997). Changes in total, CD4+, and CD8+ lymphocytes during pregnancy and 1 year postpartum in human immunodeficiency virus-infected women. The women and infants transmission study. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 89, 967–974. doi:10.1016/S0029-7844(97)00129-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tweya, H., Feldacker, C., Breeze, E., Jahn, A., Haddad, L. B., Ben-Smith, A., … Phiri, S. (2013). Incidence of pregnancy among women accessing antiretroviral therapy in urban Malawi: A retrospective cohort study. AIDS Behavior, 17, 471–478. doi:10.1007/s10461-012-0150-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vernazza, P. L., Graf, I., Sonnenberg-Schwan, U., Geit, M., & Meurer, A. (2011). Preexposure prophylaxis and timed intercourse for HIV-discordant couples willing to conceive a child. AIDS, 25, 2005–2008. doi:10.1097/QAD.0b013e32834a36d0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagner, G., Linnemayr, S., Kityo, C., & Mugyenyi, P. (2012). Factors associated with intention to conceive and its communication to providers among HIV clients in Uganda. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 16, 510–518. doi:10.1007/s10995-011-0761-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaba, B., & Gregson, S. (1998). Measuring the impact of HIV on fertility in Africa. AIDS, 12(Suppl. 1), S41–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar