Poor retention in care one-year after viral suppression: a significant predictor of viral rebound

References

• Adeyemi, O. M., Livak, B., McLoyd, P., Smith, K. Y., & French, A. L. (2013). Racial/ethnic disparities in engagement in care and viral suppression in a large urban HIV clinic. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 56, 1512–1514. doi:10.1093/cid/cit063
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benzie, A. A., Bansi, L. K., Sabin, C. A., Portsmouth, S., Hill, T., Johnson, M., … United Kingdom Collaborative HIV Cohort Study Group. (2007). Increased duration of viral suppression is associated with lower viral rebound rates in patients with previous treatment failures. AIDS, 21, 1423–1430. doi:10.1097/QAD.0b013e3281532ca7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berg, M. B., Safren, S. A., Mimiaga, M. J., Grasso, C., Boswell, S., & Mayer, K. H. (2005). Nonadherence to medical appointments is associated with increased plasma HIV RNA and decreased CD4 cell counts in a community-based HIV primary care clinic. AIDS care, 17, 902–907. doi:10.1080/09540120500101658
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brennan, A. T., Maskew, M., Sanne, I., & Fox, M. P. (2010). The importance of clinic attendance in the first six months on antiretroviral treatment: A retrospective analysis at a large public sector HIV clinic in South Africa. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 13, 49. doi:10.1186/1758-2652-13-49
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Buscher, A., Mugavero, M., Westfall, A. O., Keruly, J., Moore, R., Drainoni, M. L., … Giordano, T. P. (2013). The association of clinical follow-up intervals in HIV-infected persons with viral suppression on subsequent viral suppression. AIDS Patient Care STDS, 27, 459–466. doi:10.1089/apc.2013.0105
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. (2011). Vital signs: HIV prevention through care and treatment – United States. Morbidity and Mortal Weekly Report, 60, 1618–1623.
   Google Scholar
• Crawford, T. N., Sanderson, W. T., Breheny, P., Fleming, S. T., & Thornton, A. (2013). Impact of non-HIV related comorbidities on retention in HIV medical care: Does retention improve over time? AIDS Behavior, 18, 617–624. doi:10.1007/s10461-013-0524-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crawford, T. N., Sanderson, W. T., & Thornton, A. (2013). Impact of poor retention in HIV medical care on time to viral load suppression. Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care, 13, 242–249.
   Google Scholar
• Department of Health and Human Services Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents. (2005). Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in HIV-1-infected adults and adolescents. Washington, DC: Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved November 11, 2011, from http://aidsinfo.nih.gov/guidelines
   Google Scholar
• Gifford, A. L., Bormann, J. E., Shively, M. J., Wright, B. C., Richman, D. D., & Bozzette, S. A. (2000). Predictors of self-reported adherence and plasma HIV concentrations in patients on multidrug antiretroviral regimens. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, 23, 386–395. doi:10.1097/00126334-200004150-00005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grennan, J. T., Loutfy, M. R., Su, D., Harrigan, P. R., Cooper, C., Klein, M., … Collaboration Canoc. (2012). Magnitude of virologic blips is associated with a higher risk for virologic rebound in HIV-infected individuals: A recurrent events analysis. Journal of Infectious Disease, 205, 1230–1238. doi:10.1093/infdis/jis104
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henrich, T. J., Wood, B. R., & Kuritzkes, D. R. (2012). Increased risk of virologic rebound in patients on antiviral therapy with a detectable HIV load <48 copies/mL. PLoS One, 7(11), e50065. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0050065
   Google Scholar
• Higa, D. H., Marks, G., Crepaz, N., Liau, A., & Lyles, C. M. (2012). Interventions to improve retention in HIV primary care: A systematic review of U.S. studies. Current HIV/AIDS Report, 9, 313–325. doi:10.1007/s11904-012-0136-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horberg, M. A., Hurley, L. B., Silverberg, M. J., Klein, D. B., Quesenberry, C. P., & Mugavero, M. J. (2013). Missed office visits and risk of mortality among HIV-infected subjects in a large healthcare system in the United States. AIDS Patient Care STDS, 27, 442–449. doi:10.1089/apc.2013.0073
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazo, M., Gange, S. J., Wilson, T. E., Anastos, K., Ostrow, D. G., Witt, M. D., & Jacobson, L. P. (2007). Patterns and predictors of changes in adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy: Longitudinal study of men and women. Clinical Infectious Disease, 45, 1377–1385. doi:10.1086/522762
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le Moing, V., Chene, G., Carrieri, M. P., Alioum, A., Brun-Vezinet, F., Piroth, L., … Aproco Study Group. (2002). Predictors of virological rebound in HIV-1-infected patients initiating a protease inhibitor-containing regimen. AIDS, 16(1), 21–29. doi:10.1097/00002030-200201040-00004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marks, G., Gardner, L. I., Craw, J., & Crepaz, N. (2010). Entry and retention in medical care among HIV-diagnosed persons: A meta-analysis. AIDS, 24, 2665–2678. doi:10.1097/QAD.0b013e32833f4b1b
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McFall, A. M., Dowdy, D. W., Zelaya, C. E., Murphy, K., Wilson, T. E., Young, M. A., … Women's Interagency HIV Study. (2013). Understanding the disparity: Predictors of virologic failure in women using highly active antiretroviral therapy vary by race and/or ethnicity. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, 64, 289–298. doi:10.1097/QAI.0b013e3182a095e9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Metsch, L. R., Pereyra, M., Messinger, S., Del Rio, C., Strathdee, S. A., Anderson-Mahoney, P., … Gardner, L. (2008). HIV transmission risk behaviors among HIV-infected persons who are successfully linked to care. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 47, 577–584. doi:10.1086/590153
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milloy, M. J., Kerr, T., Buxton, J., Rhodes, T., Krusi, A., Guillemi, S., … Wood, E. (2012). Social and environmental predictors of plasma HIV RNA rebound among injection drug users treated with antiretroviral therapy. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, 59, 393–399. doi:10.1097/QAI.0b013e3182433288
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mocroft, A., Ruiz, L., Reiss, P., Ledergerber, B., Katlama, C., Lazzarin, A., … Euro SIDA Study Group. (2003). Virological rebound after suppression on highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS, 17, 1741–1751. doi:10.1097/00002030-200308150-00003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mugavero, M. J., Amico, K. R., Westfall, A. O., Crane, H. M., Zinski, A., Willig, J. H., … Saag, M. S. (2012). Early retention in HIV care and viral load suppression: Implications for a test and treat approach to HIV prevention. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 59(1), 86–93. doi:10.1097/QAI.0b013e318236f7d2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mugavero, M. J., Lin, H. Y., Allison, J. J., Giordano, T. P., Willig, J. H., Raper, J. L., … Saag, M. S. (2009). Racial disparities in HIV virologic failure: Do missed visits matter? Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 50(1), 100–108. doi:10.1097/QAI.0b013e31818d5c37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mugavero, M. J., Lin, H. Y., Willig, J. H., Westfall, A. O., Ulett, K. B., Routman, J. S., … Allison, J. J. (2009). Missed visits and mortality among patients establishing initial outpatient HIV treatment. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 48, 248–256. doi:10.1086/595705
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mugavero, M. J., Westfall, A. O., Zinski, A., Davila, J., Drainoni, M. L., Gardner, L. I., … Retention in Care Study Group. (2012). Measuring retention in HIV care: The elusive gold standard. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, 61, 574–580. doi:10.1097/QAI.0b013e318273762f
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Onyeajam, D. J., Eke, R., Stephens, T. G., & Duffus, W. A. (2013). Time to linkage to care and viro-immunologic parameters of individuals diagnosed before and after the 2006 HIV testing recommendations. South Medical Journal, 106, 257–266. doi:10.1097/SMJ.0b013e31828d967c
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, W. B., Choe, P. G., Kim, S. H., Jo, J. H., Bang, J. H., Kim, H. B., … Choe, K. W. (2007). One-year adherence to clinic visits after highly active antiretroviral therapy: A predictor of clinical progress in HIV patients. Journal of Internal Medicine, 261, 268–275. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2006.01762.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reekie, J., Mocroft, A., Sambatakou, H., Machala, L., Chiesi, A., van Lunzen, J., … Euro, S. S. G. (2008). Does less frequent routine monitoring of patients on a stable, fully suppressed cART regimen lead to an increased risk of treatment failure? AIDS, 22, 2381–2390. doi:10.1097/QAD.0b013e328317a6eb
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robbins, G. K., Johnson, K. L., Chang, Y., Jackson, K. E., Sax, P. E., Meigs, J. B., & Freedberg, K. A. (2010). Predicting virologic failure in an HIV clinic. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 50, 779–786. doi:10.1086/650537
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romih, V., Zidovec Lepej, S., Gedike, K., Lukas, D., & Begovac, J. (2010). Frequency of HIV-1 viral load monitoring of patients initially successfully treated with combination antiretroviral therapy. PLoS One, 5(11), e15051. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0015051
   Google Scholar
• Sayles, J. N., Rurangirwa, J., Kim, M., Kinsler, J., Oruga, R., & Janson, M. (2012). Operationalizing treatment as prevention in Los Angeles County: Antiretroviral therapy use and factors associated with unsuppressed viral load in the Ryan White system of care. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 26, 463–470. doi:10.1089/apc.2012.0097
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tripathi, A., Youmans, E., Gibson, J. J., & Duffus, W. A. (2011). The impact of retention in early HIV medical care on viro-immunological parameters and survival: A statewide study. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 27, 751–758. doi:10.1089/aid.2010.0268
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westergaard, R. P., Hess, T., Astemborski, J., Mehta, S. H., & Kirk, G. D. (2013). Longitudinal changes in engagement in care and viral suppression for HIV-infected injection drug users. AIDS, 27, 2559–2566. doi:10.1097/QAD.0b013e328363bff2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The White House Office of National AIDS Policy. (2010). National HIV/AIDS strategy for the United States. Retrieved from http://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/eop/onap/nhas/
   Google Scholar
• Yehia, B. R., Fleishman, J. A., Metlay, J. P., Korthuis, P. T., Agwu, A. L., Berry, S. A., … Gebo, K. A. (2012). Comparing different measures of retention in outpatient HIV care. AIDS, 26, 1131–1139. doi:10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283528afa
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar