Who is not using condoms among HIV-positive patients in treatment in the largest city in Brazil?

References

• Bertolucci, P. H. F., Brucki, S. M. D., Campacci, S. R., & Juliano, Y. (1994). The mini-mental state examination in an outpatient population: Influence of literacy. Arquivos de Neuro-psiquiatria, 52(1), 1–7. doi:10.1590/S0004-282X1994000100001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouhnik, A. D., Préau, M., Schiltz, M. A., Lert, F., Obadia, Y., & Spire, B. (2007). Unprotected sex in regular partnerships among homosexual men living with HIV: A comparison between sero-nonconcordant and seroconcordant couples (ANRS-EN12-VESPA Study). AIDS, 21(Suppl. 1), S43–S48. doi:10.1097/01.aids.0000255084.69846.97
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brazil. (2009). Drug use in Brazil. In P. C. A. V. Duarte, V. A. Stempliuk, & L. P. Barroso (Eds.), Brazilian Report on Alcohol and Drugs (pp. 19–56). Brasília: Secretaria Nacional de Políticas sobre Drogas (SENAD).
   Google Scholar
• Brazil. (2013). Epidemiological Bulletin - AIDS and STDs DST (Weeks 26th to 52th, 2013). Brasília: Ministério da Saúde. Retrieved from http://www.aids.gov.br/sites/default/files/anexos/publicacao/2013/55559/_p_boletim_2013_internet_pdf_p__51315.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Bunnell, R., Ekwaru, J. P., Solberg, P., Wamai, N., Bikaako-Kajura, W., Were, W., … Mermin, J. (2006). Changes in sexual behavior and risk of HIV transmission after antiretroviral therapy and prevention interventions in rural Uganda. AIDS, 20(1), 85–92. Retrieved from http://journals.lww.com/aidsonline/Fulltext/2006/01020/Changes_in_sexual_behavior_and_risk_of_HIV.12.aspx
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bunnell, R., Opio, A., Musinguzi, J., Kirungi, W., Ekwaru, P., Mishra, V., … Mermin, J. (2008). HIV transmission risk behavior among HIV-infected adults in Uganda: Results of a nationally representative survey. AIDS, 22, 617–624. doi:10.1097/QAD.0b013e3282f56b53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bussab, W. O., & Bolfarine, H. (2005). Elements of sampling. São Paulo: Edgard Blucher.
   Google Scholar
• Camoni, L., Dal Conte, I., Vincenza, R., Colucci, A., Chiriotto, M., Vullo, V., … Suligoi, B. (2011). Sexual behaviour reported by a sample of Italian MSM before and after HIV diagnosis. Annali dell'Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 47, 214–219. doi:10.4415/ANN_11_02_14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coleman, C. L., & Ball, K. (2007). Determinants of perceived barriers to condom use among HIV-infected middle-aged and older African-American men. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 60, 368–376. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04390.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cunha, J. A. (2001). Portuguese version of the beck scale manual. São Paulo: Casa do Psicólogo.
   Google Scholar
• Eaton, L. A., West, T. V., Kenny, D. A., & Kalichman, S. C. (2009). HIV transmission risk among HIV seroconcordant and serodiscordant couples: Dyadic processes of partner selection. AIDS and Behavior, 13, 185–195. doi:10.1007/s10461-008-9480-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards-Jackson, N., Phanuphak, N., Tieu, H. V., Chomchey, N., Teeratakulpisarn, N., Sathienthammawit, W., … Ananworanich, J. (2012). HIV serostatus disclosure is not associated with safer sexual behavior among HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) and their partners at risk for infection in Bangkok, Thailand. AIDS Research and Therapy, 9(1), 38. doi:10.1186/1742-6405-9-38
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elford, J., & Hart, G. (2005). HAART, viral load and sexual risk behaviour. AIDS, 19, 2057–2061. Retrieved from http://journals.lww.com/aidsonline/Fulltext/2005/01280/HAART,_viral_load_and_sexual_risk_behaviour.14.aspx
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harbertson, J., Grillo, M., Zimulinda, E., Murego, C., Brodine, S., May, S, … Shaffer, R. (2013). HIV seroprevalence associated risk behavior, and alcohol use among male Rwanda defense forces military personnel. AIDS and Behavior, 17, 1734–1745. doi:10.1007/s10461-012-0343-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hasse, B., Ledergerber, B., Hirschel, B., Vernazza, P., Glass, T. R., Jeannin, A., … Weber, R. (2010). Frequency and determinants of unprotected sex among HIV-infected persons: The Swiss HIV cohort study. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 51, 1314–1322. doi:10.1086/656809
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heaphy, E. L. G., Loue, S., Sajatovic, M., & Tisch, D. J. (2010). Impact of psychiatric and social characteristics on HIV sexual risk behavior in Puerto Rican women with severe mental illness. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 45, 1043–1054. doi:10.1007/s00127-009-0146-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hebling, E. M., & Guimarães, I. R. F. (2004). Women and AIDS: Gender relations and condom use with steady partners. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 20, 1211–1218. doi:10.1590/S0102-311X2004000500014
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jin, F., Jansson, J., Law, M., Prestage, G. P., Zablotska, I., Imrie, J. C., … Wilson, D. P. (2010). Per-contact probability of HIV transmission in homosexual men in Sydney in the era of HAART. AIDS, 24, 907–913. doi:10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283372d90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, D., Kashy, D., Chitalu, N., Kankasa, C., Mumbi, M., Cook, R., & Weiss, S. (2014). Risk reduction among HIV-seroconcordant and -discordant couples: The Zambia NOW2 intervention. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 28, 433–441. doi:10.1089/apc.2014.0039
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marfatia, Y. S., Naik, E., Singhal, P., & Naswa, S. (2013). Profile of HIV seroconcordant/discordant couples a clinic based study at Vadodara, India. Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS, 34(1), 5–9. doi:10.4103/0253-7184.112862
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pascom, A. R., & Szwarcwald, C. L. (2011). Sex inequalities in HIV-related practices in the Brazilian population aged 15 to 64 years old, 2008. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 27(Suppl. 1), S27–S35. doi:10.1590/S0102-311X2011001300004
   Google Scholar
• Peltzer, K. (2014). Sexual behaviour among HIV-infected new mothers in South Africa 3–12 months after delivery. AIDS Care, 26, 186–190. doi:10.1080/09540121.2013.803016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinto, D., Mann, C., Wainberg, M., Mattos, P., & Oliveira, S. (2007). Sexuality and vulnerability to HIV among the severely mentally ill: An ethnographic study of psychiatric institutions. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 23, 2224–2233. doi:10.1590/S0102-311X2007000900030
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poudel, K. C., Nakahara, S., Poudel-Tandukar, K., Yasuoka, J., & Jimba, M. (2009). Unsafe sexual behaviours among HIV-positive men in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. AIDS and Behavior, 13, 1143–1150. doi:10.1007/s10461-008-9454-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Purcell, D. W., Moss, S., Remien, R. H., Woods, W. J., & Parsons J. T. (2005). Illicit substance use, sexual risk, and HIV-positive gay and bisexual men: Differences by serostatus of casual partners. AIDS, 19(Suppl. 1), S37–S47. Retrieved from http://journals.lww.com/aidsonline/Fulltext/2005/04001/Illicit_substance_use,_sexual_risk,_and.4.aspx
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Redd, A. D., Quinn, T. C., & Tobian, A. A. (2013). Frequency and implications of HIV superinfection. Lancet Infectious Diseases, 13, 622–628. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70066-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanchez, Z. M., Nappo, S. A., Cruz, J. I., Carlini, E. A., Carlini, C. M., & Martins, S. S. (2013). Sexual behavior among high school students in Brazil: Alcohol consumption and legal and illegal drug use associated with unprotected sex. Clinics, 68, 489–494. doi:10.6061/clinics/2013(04)09
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott-Sheldon, L. A. J., Walstrom, P., Carey, K. B., Johnson, B. T., Carey, M. P., & the MASH Research Team. (2013). Alcohol use and sexual risk behaviors among individuals infected with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis 2012 to early 2013. Current HIV/AIDS Reports, 10, 314–323. doi:10.1007/s11904-013-0177-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simon Rosser, B. R., Horvath, K. J., Hatfield, L. A., Peterson, J. L., Jacoby, S., Stately, A., & The Positive Connections Team. (2008). Predictors of HIV disclosure to secondary partners and sexual risk behavior among a high-risk sample of HIV-positive MSM: Results from six epicenters in the US. AIDS Care, 20, 925–930. doi:10.1080/09540120701767265
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singa, B., Glick, S. N., Bock, N., Walson, J., Chaba, L., Odek, J., … John-Stewart, G. (2013). Sexually transmitted infections among HIV-infected adults in HIV care programs in Kenya: A national sample of HIV clinics. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 40, 148–153. doi:10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31827aab89
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stein, J. A., Rotheram-Borus, M.-J., Swendeman, D., & Milburn, N. G. (2005). Predictors of sexual transmission risk behaviors among HIV-positive young men. AIDS Care, 17, 433–442. doi:10.1080/09540120412331291724
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tyurina, A., Krupitsky, E., Cheng, D. M., Coleman, S. M., Walley, A. Y., Bridden, C., … Samet, J. H. (2013). Is cannabis use associated with HIV drug and sex risk behaviors among Russian HIV-infected risky drinkers? Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 132, 74–80. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.01.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UNAIDS. (2013). Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. Global report: UNAIDS report on the global AIDS epidemic. Geneva: Joint United Programme on HIV/AIDS.
   Google Scholar
• Wechsberg, W. M., Golin, C., El-Bassel, N., Hopkins, J., & Zule, W. (2012). Current interventions to reduce sexual risk behaviors and crack cocaine use among HIV-infected individuals. Current HIV/AIDS Reports, 9, 385–393. doi:10.1007/s11904-012-0131-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2001). AUDIT. The alcohol use disorders identification test guidelines for use in primary care (2nd ed.). Geneva: Department of Mental Health and Substance Dependence.
   Google Scholar
• Yi, H., Sandfort, T. G. M., & Shidlo, A. (2010). Effects of disengagement coping with HIV risk on unprotected sex among HIV-negative gay men in New York City. Health Psychology, 29, 205–214. doi:10.1037/a0017786
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar