Shame among people living with HIV: a literature review

References

• Audet, C. M., McGowan, C. C., Wallston, K. A., & Kipp, A. M. (2013). Relationship between HIV stigma and self-isolation among people living with HIV in Tennessee. PLoS One, 8, e69564. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069564
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett, D. S., Hersh, J., Herres, J. L., & Foster, J. (2015). Internalizing symptoms as a function of stigma and shame among youths with HIV. Manuscript submitted for publication.
   Google Scholar
• Bennett, D. S., Sullivan, M. W., & Lewis, M. (2010). Neglected children, shame-proneness, and depressive symptoms. Child Maltreatment, 15, 305–314. doi:10.1177/1077559510379634
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bing, E. G., Burnam, M. A., Longshore, D., Fleishman, J. A., Sherbourne, C. D., London, A. S., … Shapiro, M. (2001). Psychiatric disorders and drug use among human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults in the United States. Archives of General Psychiatry, 58, 721–728. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.58.8.721
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouhnik, A. D., Preau, M., Vincent, E., Carrieri, M. P., Gallais, H., Lepeu, G., … Spire, B. (2005). Depression and clinical progression in HIV-infected drug users treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy. Antiviral Therapy, 10, 53–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bresnahan, M., & Zhuang, J. (2011). Exploration and validation of the dimensions of stigma. Journal of Health Psychology, 16, 421–429. doi:10.1177/1359105310382583
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carrico, A. W., Riley, E. D., Johnson, M. O., Charlebois, E. D., Neilands, T. B., Remien, R. H.,  … Chesney, M. A. (2011). Psychiatric risk factors for HIV disease progression: The role of inconsistent patterns of antiretroviral therapy utilization. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 56, 146–150. doi:10.1097/QAI.0b013e318201df63
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cheung, M. S.-P., Gilbert, P., & Irons, C. (2004). An exploration of shame, social rank and rumination in relation to depression. Personality and Individual Differences, 36, 1143–1153. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(03)00206-X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crawford, A. M. (1996). Stigma associated with AIDS: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 26, 398–416. doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb01856.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deacon, H. (2006). Towards a sustainable theory of health-related stigma: Lessons from the HIV/AIDS literature. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 16, 418–425. doi:10.1002/casp.900
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeMarco, F. J. (1998). Coping with the stigma of AIDS: An investigation of the effects of shame, stress, control and coping on depression in HIV-positive and-negative gay men (Unpublished Michigan State University). Department of Psychology.
   Google Scholar
• Dickerson, S. S., Gruenewald, T. L., & Kemeny, M. E. (2004). When the social self is threatened: Shame, physiology, and health. Journal of Personality, 72, 1191–1216. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2004.00295.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Earnshaw, V. A., & Chaudoir, S. R. (2009). From conceptualizing to measuring HIV stigma: A review of HIV stigma mechanism measures. AIDS and Behavior, 13, 1160–1177. doi:10.1007/s10461-009-9593-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Earnshaw, V. A., Smith, L. R., Chaudoir, S. R., Amico, K. R., & Copenhaver, M. M. (2013). HIV stigma mechanisms and well-being among PLWH: A test of the HIV stigma framework. AIDS and Behavior, 17, 1785–1795. doi:10.1007/s10461-013-0437-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fergus, T. A., Valentiner, D. P., McGrath, P. B., & Jencius, S. (2010). Shame-and guilt-proneness: Relationships with anxiety disorder symptoms in a clinical sample. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 24, 811–815. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.06.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Florom-Smith, A. L., & De Santis, J. P. (2012). Exploring the concept of HIV-related stigma. Nursing Forum, 47, 153–165. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6198.2011.00235.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goffman, E. (1963). Stigma: Notes on the management of spoiled identity. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Gonzalez, J. S., Batchelder, A. W., Psaros, C., & Safren, S. A. (2011). Depression and HIV/AIDS treatment nonadherence: A review and meta-analysis. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 58, 181–187. doi:10.1097/QAI.0b013e31822d490a
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hatzenbuehler, M. L., Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Dovidio, J. (2009). How does stigma “get under the skin”? The mediating role of emotion regulation. Psychological Science, 20, 1282–1289. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02441.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ickovics, J. R., Hamburger, M. E., Vlahov, D., Schoenbaum, E. E., Schuman, P., Boland, R. J., … H. I. V. Epidemiology Research Study Group. (2001). Mortality, CD4 cell count decline, and depressive symptoms among HIV-seropositive women: Longitudinal analysis from the HIV epidemiology research study. JAMA, 285, 1466–1474. doi: 10.1001/jama.285.11.1466
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalichman, S. C. (2013). The harms of internalized AIDS stigma: A comment on Tsai et al. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 46, 256–257. doi:10.1007/s12160-013-9529-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalichman, S. C., Pope, H., White, D., Cherry, C., Amaral, C. M., Swetzes, C., … Kalichman, M. O. (2008). The association between health literacy and HIV treatment adherence: Further evidence from objectively measured medication adherence. Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care, 7, 317–323. doi:10.1177/1545109708328130
   Google Scholar
• Kalichman, S. C., Simbayi, L. C., Cloete, A., Mthembu, P. P., Mkhonta, R. N., & Ginindza, T. (2009). Measuring AIDS stigmas in people living with HIV/AIDS: The internalized AIDS-related stigma scale. AIDS Care, 21, 87–93. doi:10.1080/09540120802032627
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katz, I. T., Ryu, A. E., Onuegbu, A. G., Psaros, C., Weiser, S. D., Bangsberg, D. R., … Tsai, A. C. (2013). Impact of HIV-related stigma on treatment adherence: Systematic review and meta-synthesis. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 16, 18640. doi:10.7448/IAS.16.3.18640
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, S., Thibodeau, R., & Jorgensen, R. S. (2011). Shame, guilt, and depressive symptoms: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 137, 68–96. doi:10.1037/a0021466
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konkle-Parker, D. J., Erlen, J. A., & Dubbert, P. M. (2008). Barriers and facilitators to medication adherence in a southern minority population with HIV disease. The Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care, 19, 98–104. doi:10.1016/j.jana.2007.09.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krüsi, A., Small, W., Wood, E., & Kerr, T. (2009). An integrated supervised injecting program within a care facility for HIV-positive individuals: A qualitative evaluation. AIDS Care, 21, 638–644. doi:10.1080/09540120802385645
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, R. S., Kochman, A., & Sikkema, K. J. (2002). Internalized stigma among people living with HIV–AIDS. AIDS and Behavior, 6, 309–319. doi:10.1023/A:1021144511957
   Google Scholar
• Lewis, H. B. (1971). Shame and guilt in neurosis. New York, NY: International Universities Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lewis, M. (1995). Shame: The exposed self. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster.
   Google Scholar
• Lewis, M. (2008). Self-conscious emotions: Embarrassment, pride, shame, and guilt. In M. Lewis, J. M. Haviland-Jones, & L. Feldman Barrett (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (3rd ed., pp. 742–756). New York, NY: Guilford.
   Google Scholar
• Li, L., Lee, S.-J., Jiraphongsa, C., Khumtong, S., Iamsirithaworn, S., Thammawijaya, P., … Rotheram-Borus, M. J. (2010). Improving the health and mental health of people living with HIV/AIDS: 12-Month assessment of a behavioral intervention in Thailand. American Journal of Public Health, 100, 2418–2425. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.185462
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Link, B. G., & Phelan, J. C. (2001). Conceputalizing stigma. Annual Review of Sociology, 27, 363–385. doi: 10.1146/annurev.soc.27.1.363
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Logie, C., & Gadalla, T. M. (2009). Meta-analysis of health and demographic correlates of stigma towards people living with HIV. AIDS Care, 21, 742–753. doi:10.1080/09540120802511877
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowther, K., Selman, L., Harding, R., & Higginson, I. J. (2014). Experience of persistent psychological symptoms and perceived stigma among people with HIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART): A systematic review. International Journal of Nursing Studies. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2014.01.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahajan, A. P., Sayles, J. N., Patel, V. A., Remien, R. H., Ortiz, D., Szekeres, G., … Coates, T. J. (2008). Stigma in the HIV/AIDS epidemic: A review of the literature and recommendations for the way forward. AIDS (London, England), 22, S67. doi:10.1097/01.aids.0000327438.13291.62
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mak, W. W. S., Mo, P. K. H., Cheung, R. Y. M., Woo, J., Cheung, F. M., & Lee, D. (2006). Comparative stigma of HIV/AIDS, SARS, and tuberculosis in Hong Kong. Social Science & Medicine, 63, 1912–1922. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.04.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nanni, M. G., Caruso, R., Mitchell, A. J., Meggiolaro, E., & Grassi, L. (2015). Depression in HIV infected patients: A review. Current Psychiatry Reports, 17, 530. doi:10.1007/s11920-014-0530-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Hayer, C. V., Bennett, D. S., & Jacobson, J. (in press). The lasting impact of HIV/AIDS. In M. Skinta (Ed.), Mindfulness and acceptance for gender and sexual minorities.
   Google Scholar
• Persons, E., Kershaw, T., Sikkema, K. J., & Hansen, N. B. (2010). The impact of shame on health-related quality of life among HIV-positive adults with a history of childhood sexual abuse. AIDS Patient Care STDS, 24, 571–580. doi:10.1089/apc.2009.0209
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodkjaer, L., Laursen, T., Balle, N., & Sodemann, M. (2010). Depression in patients with HIV is under-diagnosed: A cross-sectional study in Denmark. HIV Medicine, 11, 46–53. doi:10.1111/j.1468-1293.2009.00741.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sayles, J. N., Wong, M. D., Martins, D., & Cunningham, W. E. (2009). The association of stigma with self-reported access to medical care and antiretroviral therapy adherence in persons living with HIV/AIDS. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 24, 1101–1108. doi:10.1007/s11606-009-1068-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stuewig, J., & Tangney, J. P. (2007). Shame and guilt in antisocial and risky behaviors. In J. L. Tracy, R. W. Robins, & J. P. Tangney (Eds.), The self-conscious emotions: Theory and research (pp. 371–388). New York, NY: Guilford.
   Google Scholar
• Tangney, J. P., & Dearing, R. L. (2002). Shame and guilt. New York, NY: Guilford.
   Google Scholar
• Tsai, A. C., Bangsberg, D. R., & Weiser, S. D. (2013). Harnessing poverty alleviation to reduce the stigma of HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa. PLoS Medicine, 10, e1001557. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001557
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vliet, K. J. (2009). The role of attributions in the process of overcoming shame: A qualitative analysis. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 82, 137–152. doi:10.1348/147608308X389391
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weitzman, O., Kemeny, M. E., & Fahey, J. L. (2004). HIV-related shame and guilt predict CD4 decline. Unpublished manuscript.
   Google Scholar
• Zuniga, M. L., Blanco, E., Martinez, P., Strathdee, S. A., & Gifford, A. L. (2007). Perceptions of barriers and facilitators to participation in clinical trials in HIV-positive Latinas: A pilot study. Journal of Womens Health, 16, 1322–1330. doi:10.1089/jwh.2006.0234
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar