Delayed entry into HIV medical care in a nationally representative sample of HIV-infected adults receiving medical care in the USA

References

• Attia, S., Egger, M., Müller, M., Zwahlen, M., & Low, N. (2009). Sexual transmission of HIV according to viral load and antiretroviral therapy: Systematic review and meta-analysis. AIDS, 23(11), 1397–1404. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32832b7dca
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bamford, L. P., Ehrenkranz, P. D., Eberhart, M. G., Shpaner, M., & Brady, K. A. (2010). Factors associated with delayed entry into primary HIV medical care after HIV diagnosis. AIDS, 24(6), 928–930. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e328337b116
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauman, L. J., Braunstein, S., Calderon, Y., Chhabra, R., Cutler, B., Leider, J., … Watnick, D. (2013). Barriers and facilitators of linkage to HIV primary care in New York City. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 64 (Suppl. 1), S20–S26. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3182a99c19
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Blair, J. M., McNaghten, A. D., Frazier, E. L., Skarbinski, J., Huang, P., & Heffelfinger, J. D. (2011). Clinical and behavioral characteristics of adults receiving medical care for HIV infection – medical monitoring project, United States, 2007. MMWR Surveill Summaries, 60(11), 1–20.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2009). Behavioral and clinical characteristics of persons receiving medical care for HIV infection – medical monitoring project, United States, 2009. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 63(SS05), 1–22.
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2010). Distinguishing public health research and public health nonresearch. Retrieved June 18, 2014, from http://www.cdc.gov/od/science/integrity/docs/cdc-policy-distinguishing-public-health-research-nonresearch.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2013). Monitoring selected national HIV prevention and care objectives by using HIV surveillance data – United States and 6 dependent areas – 2011. HIV Surveillance Supplemental Report, 18, 47.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, M. S., Chen, Y. Q., McCauley, M., Gamble, T., Hosseinipour, M. C., Kumarasamy, N., … Fleming, T. R. (2011). Prevention of HIV-1 infection with early antiretroviral therapy. New England Journal of Medicine, 365(6), 493–505. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1105243
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Department of Health and Human Services. (2009). Protection of Human Subjects, US Federal Code Title 45 Part 46. Code of Federal Regulations.
   Google Scholar
• Department of Health and Human Services. (2012). Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in HIV-1-infected adults and adolescents. Retrieved September 10, 2012, from http://aidsinfo.nih.gov/guidelines
   Google Scholar
• Donnell, D., Baeten, J. M., Kiarie, J., Thomas, K. K., Stevens, W., Cohen, C. R., … Celum, C. (2010). Heterosexual HIV-1 transmission after initiation of antiretroviral therapy: A prospective cohort analysis. The Lancet, 375(9731), 2092–2098. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60705-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frankel, M. R., McNaghten, A. D., Shapiro, M. F., Sullivan, P. S., Berry, S. H., Johnson, C. H., … Bozzette, S. A. (2012). A probability sample for monitoring the HIV-infected population in care in the US and in selected states. The Open AIDS Journal, 6, 67–76. doi: 10.2174/1874613601206010067
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Frankel, M. R., Shapiro, M. F., Duan, N., Morton, S. C., Berry, S. H., Brown, J. A., … Bozzette, S. A. (1999). National probability samples in studies of low-prevalence diseases. Part II: Designing and implementing the HIV cost and services utilization study sample. Health Services Research, 34(5 Pt 1), 969–992.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gardner, E. M., McLees, M. P., Steiner, J. F., del Rio, C., & Burman, W. J. (2011). The spectrum of engagement in HIV care and its relevance to test-and-treat strategies for prevention of HIV infection. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 52, 793–800. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciq243
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gardner, L. I., Metsch, L. R., Anderson-Mahoney, P., Loughlin, A. M., Rio, C. del., Strathdee, S., … Holmberg, S. D. (2005). Efficacy of a brief case management intervention to link recently diagnosed HIV-infected persons to care. AIDS, 19(4), 423–431. doi: 10.1097/01.aids.0000161772.51900.eb
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garland, P. M., Valverde, E. E., Fagan, J., Beer, L., Sanders, C., Hillman, D., … Bertolli, J. (2011). HIV counseling, testing and referral experiences of persons diagnosed with HIV who have never entered HIV medical care. AIDS Education and Prevention, 23(3_supplement), 117–127. doi: 10.1521/aeap.2011.23.3_supp.117
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jenness, S. M., Myers, J. E., Neaigus, A., Lulek, J., Navejas, M., & Raj-Singh, S. (2012). Delayed entry into HIV medical care after HIV diagnosis: Risk factors and research methods. AIDS Care, 24(10), 1240–1248. doi: 10.1080/09540121.2012.656569
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnston, S. S., Juday, T., Seekins, D., Hebden, T., Fulcher, N., Farr, A. M., … Mullins, C. D. (2013). Patterns and correlates of linkage to appropriate HIV care after HIV diagnosis in the US Medicaid population. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 40(1), 18–25. doi: 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3182782014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krawczyk, C. S., Funkhouser, E., Kilby, J. M., & Vermund, S. H. (2006). Delayed access to HIV diagnosis and care: Special concerns for the Southern United States. AIDS Care, 18(Suppl. 1), S35–44. doi: 10.1080/09540120600839280
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahle Gray, K., Tang, T., Shouse, L., Li, J., Mermin, J., & Hall, H. I. (2013). Using the HIV surveillance system to monitor the national HIV/AIDS strategy. American Journal of Public Health, 103(1), 141–147. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2012.300859
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marks, G., Gardner, L. I., Craw, J., & Crepaz, N. (2010). Entry and retention in medical care among HIV-diagnosed persons: A meta-analysis. AIDS, 24(17), 2665–2678. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32833f4b1b
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNaghten, A. D., Wolfe, M. I., Onorato, I., Nakashima, A. K., Valdiserri, R. O., Mokotoff, E., … Sullivan, P. S. (2007). Improving the representativeness of behavioral and clinical surveillance for persons with HIV in the United States: The rationale for developing a population-based approach. PLoS ONE, 2(6), e550–e550. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0000550
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Metsch, L. R., Pereyra, M., Messinger, S., Rio, C. del., Strathdee, S. A., Anderson-Mahoney, P., … Gardner, L. (2008). HIV transmission risk behaviors among HIV-infected persons who are successfully linked to care. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 47(4), 577–584. doi: 10.1086/590153
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montaner, J. S. G., Lima, V. D., Barrios, R., Yip, B., Wood, E., Kerr, T., … Kendall, P. (2010). Association of highly active antiretroviral therapy coverage, population viral load, and yearly new HIV diagnoses in British Columbia, Canada: A population-based study. The Lancet, 376(9740), 532–539. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60936-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore, R. D. (2011). Epidemiology of HIV infection in the United States: Implications for linkage to care. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 52(Suppl. 2), S208–S213. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciq044
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mugavero, M. J., Amico, K. R., Westfall, A. O., Crane, H. M., Zinski, A., Willig, J. H., … Saag, M. S. (2012). Early retention in HIV care and viral load suppression: Implications for a test and treat approach to HIV prevention. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 59(1), 86–93. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e318236f7d2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osmond, D. H., Bindman, A. B., Vranzian, K., Lehman, J. S., Hecht, F. M., Keane, D., & Reingold, A. (1999). Name-based surveillance and public health interventions for persons with HIV infection. Multistate Evaluation of Surveillance for HIV Study Group. Annals of Internal Medicine, 131(10), 775. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-131-10-199911160-00010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reed, J. B., Hanson, D., McNaghten, A. D., Bertolli, J., Teshale, E., Gardner, L., & Sullivan, P. (2009). HIV testing factors associated with delayed entry into HIV medical care among HIV-infected persons from eighteen states, United States, 2000–2004. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 23(9), 765–773. doi: 10.1089/apc.2008.0213
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott, A. (2007). Rao-Scott corrections and their impact. Proceedings of the 2007 joint statistical meetings, Salt Lake City, Utah, July 29–August 2, 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Sullivan, P. S., Juhasz, M., McNaghten, A.D., Frankel, M., Bozzette, S., & Shapiro, M. (2011). Time to first annual HIV care visit and associated factors for patients in care for HIV infection in 10 US cities. AIDS care, 23(10), 1314–1320. doi: 10.1080/09540121.2011.555746
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The White House. (2010). National HIV/AIDS strategy for the United States. Washington, DC: Office of National AIDS Policy.
   Google Scholar
• Torian, L. V., Wiewel, E. W., Liu, K. L., Sackoff, J. E., & Frieden, T. L. (2008). Risk factors for delayed initiation of medical care after diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus. Archives of Internal Medicine, 168(11), 1181–1187. doi: 10.1001/archinte.168.11.1181
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner, B. J., Cunningham, W. E., Duan, N., Andersen, R. M., Shaprio, M. F., Bozzette, S. A., … Zierler, S. (2000). Delayed medical care after diagnosis in a US national probability sample of persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Archives of Internal Medicine, 160(17), 2614–2622. doi: 10.1001/archinte.160.17.2614
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ulett, K. B., Willig, J. H., Lin, H.-Y., Routman, J. S., Abroms, S., Allison, J., … Mugavero, M. J. (2009). The therapeutic implications of timely linkage and early retention in HIV care. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 23(1), 41–49. doi: 10.1089/apc.2008.0132
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• US Department of Health and Human Services and Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation. (2014). “ Frequently asked questions related to the poverty guidelines and poverty.” Retrieved from http://aspe.hhs.gov/poverty/faq.cfm
   Google Scholar
• Willig, J. H., Abroms, S., Westfall, A. O, Routman, J., Adusumilli, S., Varshney, M., … Mugavero, M. J. (2008). Increased regimen durability in the era of once daily fixed-dose combination antiretroviral therapy. AIDS, 22(15), 1951–1960. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32830efd79
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zetola, N. M., Bernstein, K., Ahrens, K., Marcus, J. L., Philip, S., Nieri, G., … Klausner, J. D. (2009). Using surveillance data to monitor entry into care of newly diagnosed HIV-infected persons: San Francisco, 2006–2007. BMC Public Health, 9, 17. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-9-17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar