Publication Cover
AIDS Care
Psychological and Socio-medical Aspects of AIDS/HIV
Volume 28, 2016 - Issue 8
1,183
Views
34
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Antiretroviral therapy initiation and adherence in rural South Africa: community health workers’ perspectives on barriers and facilitators

, , , &
Pages 982-993 | Received 14 Aug 2015, Accepted 07 Mar 2016, Published online: 04 Apr 2016

References

  • Abrahams, N., & Jewkes, R. (2012). Managing and resisting stigma: A qualitative study among people living with HIV in South Africa. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 15(2), 17330. doi:10.7448/IAS.15.2.17330
  • Appelbaum Belisle, H., Hennink, M., Ordonez, C. E., John, S., Ngubane-Joye, E., Hampton, J., … Marconi, V. C. (2015). Concurrent use of traditional medicine and ART: Perspectives of patients, providers and traditional healers in Durban, South Africa. Global Public Health, 10(1), 71–87. doi:10.1080/17441692.2014.967709
  • Auerbach, J. (2009). Transforming social structures and environments to help in HIV prevention. Health Affairs, 28(6), 1655–1665. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.28.6.1655
  • Auerbach, J. D., & Coates, T. J. (2000). HIV prevention research: Accomplishments and challenges for the third decade of AIDS. American Journal of Public Health, 90(7), 1029–1032. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.90.7.1029
  • Auerbach, J. D., Parkhurst, J. O., & Caceres, C. F. (2011). Addressing social drivers of HIV/AIDS for the long-term response: Conceptual and methodological considerations. Global Public Health, 6(Suppl. 3), S293–S309. doi:10.1080/17441692.2011.594451
  • Bassett, I. V., Regan, S., Chetty, S., Giddy, J., Uhler, L. M., Holst, H., … Losina, E. (2010). Who starts antiretroviral therapy in Durban, South Africa? …  not everyone who should. AIDS, 24(Suppl 1), S37–44. doi:10.1097/01.aids.0000366081.91192.1c
  • Bassett, I. V., Wang, B., Chetty, S., Mazibuko, M., Bearnot, B., Giddy, J., … Freedberg, K. A. (2009). Loss to care and death before antiretroviral therapy in Durban, South Africa. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 51(2), 135–139. doi:10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181a44ef2
  • Bogart, L. M., Chetty, S., Giddy, J., Sypek, A., Sticklor, L., Walensky, R. P., … Bassett, I. V. (2013). Barriers to care among people living with HIV in South Africa: Contrasts between patient and healthcare provider perspectives. AIDS Care, 25(7), 843–853. doi:10.1080/09540121.2012.729808
  • Bradley, E. H., Curry, L. A., & Devers, K. J. (2007). Qualitative data analysis for health services research: Developing taxonomy, themes, and theory. Health Services Research, 42(4), 1758–1772. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6773.2006.00684.x
  • Chaiyachati, K. H., Ogbuoji, O., Price, M., Suthar, A. B., Negussie, E. K., & Barnighausen, T. (2014). Interventions to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy: A rapid systematic review. AIDS, 28(Suppl. 2), S187–204. doi:10.1097/QAD.0000000000000252
  • Coetzee, B., Kagee, A., & Vermeulen, N. (2011). Structural barriers to adherence to antiretroviral therapy in a resource-constrained setting: The perspectives of health care providers. AIDS Care, 23(2), 146–151. doi:10.1080/09540121.2010.498874
  • Corneli, A., Jarrett, N. M., Sabue, M., Duvall, S., Bahati, E., Behets, F., & Van Rie, A. (2008). Patient and provider perspectives on implementation models of HIV counseling and testing for patients with TB. The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 12(3 Suppl. 1), 79–84.
  • Dahab, M., Charalambous, S., Hamilton, R., Fielding, K., Kielmann, K., Churchyard, G. J., & Grant, A. D. (2008). “That is why I stopped the ART”: Patients’ & providers’ perspectives on barriers to and enablers of HIV treatment adherence in a South African workplace programme. BMC Public Health, 8, 63. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-8-63
  • Dahab, M., Kielmann, K., Charalambous, S., Karstaedt, A. S., Hamilton, R., La Grange, L., … Grant, A. D. (2011). Contrasting reasons for discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy in workplace and public-sector HIV programs in South Africa. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 25(1), 53–59. doi:10.1089/apc.2010.0140
  • Decroo, T., Koole, O., Remartinez, D., dos Santos, N., Dezembro, S., Jofrisse, M., … Laga, M. (2014). Four-year retention and risk factors for attrition among members of community ART groups in Tete, Mozambique. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 19(5), 514–521. doi:10.1111/tmi.12278
  • Dewing, S., Mathews, C., Fatti, G., Grimwood, A., & Boulle, A. (2014). Antiretroviral adherence interventions in Southern Africa: Implications for using HIV treatments for prevention. Current HIV/AIDS Reports, 11(1), 63–71. doi:10.1007/s11904-013-0193-5
  • Fereday, J., & Muir-Cochrane, E. (2006). Demonstrating rigor using thematic analysis: A hybrid approach of inductive and deductive coding and theme development. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 5(1), 2–11. doi:10.1177/160940690600500107
  • Geng, E. H., Nash, D., Kambugu, A., Zhang, Y., Braitstein, P., Christopoulos, K. A., … Martin, J. N. (2010). Retention in care among HIV-infected patients in resource-limited settings: Emerging insights and new directions. Current HIV/AIDS Reports, 7(4), 234–244. doi:10.1007/s11904-010-0061-5
  • Gilvydis, J. M., Steward, W. T., Saberi, P., Tumbo, J., Sumitani, J., Barnhart, S., & Lippman, S. A. (2015). Need for improvements in clinical practice to retain patients in pre-antiretroviral therapy care: Data from rural clinics in North West Province, South Africa. AIDS Care, 27(10), 1275–1278. doi:10.1080/09540121.2015.1050985
  • Global Health Workforce Alliance and WHO. (2010). Global experience of community health workers for delivery of health related millennium development goals: A systematic review, country case studies, and recommendations for integration into national health systems. Geneva. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/workforcealliance/knowledge/publications/CHW_FullReport_2010.pdf?ua=1
  • Grelotti, D. J., Closson, E. F., Smit, J. A., Mabude, Z., Matthews, L. T., Safren, S. A., … Mimiaga, M. J. (2014). Whoonga: Potential recreational use of HIV antiretroviral medication in South Africa. AIDS and Behavior, 18(3), 511–518. doi:10.1007/s10461-013-0575-0
  • Grimsrud, A., Lesosky, M., Kalombo, C., Bekker, L. G., & Myer, L. (2015). Community-based Adherence Clubs for the management of stable antiretroviral therapy patients in Cape Town, South Africa: A cohort study. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. doi:10.1097/QAI.0000000000000863
  • Kipp, W., Kabagambe, G., & Konde-Lule, J. (2002). HIV counselling and testing in rural Uganda: Communities’ attitudes and perceptions towards an HIV counselling and testing programme. AIDS Care, 14(5), 699–706. doi:10.1080/0954012021000005524
  • Knight, L. C., Van Rooyen, H., Humphries, H., Barnabas, R. V., & Celum, C. (2015). Empowering patients to link to care and treatment: Qualitative findings about the role of a home-based HIV counselling, testing and linkage intervention in South Africa. AIDS Care, 27(9), 1162–1167. doi:10.1080/09540121.2015.1035633
  • Kranzer, K., Govindasamy, D., Ford, N., Johnston, V., & Lawn, S. D. (2012). Quantifying and addressing losses along the continuum of care for people living with HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 15(2), 173–83. doi:10.7448/IAS.15.2.17383
  • Kranzer, K., Zeinecker, J., Ginsberg, P., Orrell, C., Kalawe, N. N., Lawn, S. D., … Wood, R. (2010). Linkage to HIV care and antiretroviral therapy in Cape Town, South Africa. PLoS One, 5(11), e13801. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013801
  • Larson, B. A., Brennan, A., McNamara, L., Long, L., Rosen, S., Sanne, I., & Fox, M. P. (2010). Early loss to follow up after enrolment in pre-ART care at a large public clinic in Johannesburg, South Africa. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 15(Suppl. 1), 43–47. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3156.2010.02511.x
  • LeCompte, M. D., & Schensul, J. J. (1999). Ethnographer's Toolkit. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press, Sage.
  • Lehmann, U., & Sanders, D. (2007). Community health workers: What do we know about them? The state of the evidence on programmes, activities, costs and impact on health outcomes of using community health workers. Geneva, Switzerland. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/hrh/documents/community_health_workers.pdf
  • Lehohla, P. (2012). Census 2011 Municipal report KwaZulu-Natal. Pretoria, South Africa. Retrieved from http://www.statssa.gov.za/census/census_2011/census_products/KZN_Municipal_Report.pdf
  • Lewin, S., Munabi-Babigumira, S., Glenton, C., Daniels, K., Bosch-Capblanch, X., van Wyk, B. E., … Scheel, I. B. (2010). Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health and the management of infectious diseases. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (3), CD004015. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004015.pub3
  • Lifson, A. R., Demissie, W., Tadesse, A., Ketema, K., May, R., Yakob, B., … Shenie, T. (2013). Barriers to retention in care as perceived by persons living with HIV in rural Ethiopia: Focus group results and recommended strategies. Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC), 12(1), 32–38. doi:10.1177/1545109712456428
  • LIFT II. (2015). Technical Intervention Note 1.4: Provision: Cash transfer and voucher programs. Retrieved from http://theliftproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/1.4-Prov-CT_Evid_Final.pdf
  • Lubega, M., Nsabagasani, X., Tumwesigye, N. M., Wabwire-Mangen, F., Ekström, A. M., Pariyo, G., & Peterson, S. (2010). Policy and practice, lost in transition: Reasons for high drop-out from pre-antiretroviral care in a resource-poor setting of eastern Uganda. Health Policy (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 95(2), 153–158. doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2009.11.021
  • Mantell, J. E., DiVittis, A. T., & Auerbach, M. I. (1997). Evaluating HIV prevention interventions: Applying theory to HIV prevention interventions (pp. 179–204). New York: Springer Science & Business Media. (Reprinted from: Springer Science and Business Media New York 1997).
  • Mberi, M. N., Kuonza, L. R., Dube, N. M., Nattey, C., Manda, S., & Summers, R. (2015). Determinants of loss to follow-up in patients on antiretroviral treatment, South Africa, 2004–2012: A cohort study. BMC Health Services Research, 15, 441. doi:10.1186/s12913-015-0912-2
  • Mbonye, M., Seeley, J., Ssembajja, F., Birungi, J., & Jaffar, S. (2013). Adherence to antiretroviral therapy in Jinja, Uganda: A six-year follow-up study. PLoS One, 8(10), e78243. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0078243
  • Michel, J., Matlakala, C., English, R., Lessells, R., & Newell, M. L. (2013). Collective patient behaviours derailing ART roll-out in KwaZulu-Natal: Perspectives of health care providers. Aids Research and Therapy, 10, 20. doi:10.1186/1742-6405-10-20
  • Miles MB, H. A. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Miller, C. M., Ketlhapile, M., Rybasack-Smith, H., & Rosen, S. (2010). Why are antiretroviral treatment patients lost to follow-up? A qualitative study from South Africa. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 15 (Suppl. 1), 48–54. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3156.2010.02514.x
  • Mshana, G. H., Wamoyi, J., Busza, J., Zaba, B., Changalucha, J., Kaluvya, S., & Urassa, M. (2006). Barriers to accessing antiretroviral therapy in Kisesa, Tanzania: A qualitative study of early rural referrals to the national program. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 20(9), 649–657. doi:10.1089/apc.2006.20.649
  • Mulissa, Z., Jerene, D., & Lindtjorn, B. (2010). Patients present earlier and survival has improved, but pre-ART attrition is high in a six-year HIV cohort data from Ethiopia. PLoS One, 5(10), e13268. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013268
  • Musheke, M., Bond, V., & Merten, S. (2013). Deterrents to HIV-patient initiation of antiretroviral therapy in urban Lusaka, Zambia: A qualitative study. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 27(4), 231–241. doi:10.1089/apc.2012.0341
  • Nachega, J. B., Uthman, O. A., Peltzer, K., Richardson, L. A., Mills, E. J., Amekudzi, K., & Ouedraogo, A. (2015). Association between antiretroviral therapy adherence and employment status: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 93(1), 29–41. doi:10.2471/BLT.14.138149
  • Peltzer, K., Friend-du Preez, N., Ramlagan, S., & Anderson, J. (2010). Antiretroviral treatment adherence among HIV patients in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. BMC Public Health, 10, 111. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-10-111
  • Peltzer, K., Friend-du Preez, N., Ramlagan, S., Fomundam, H., & Anderson, J. (2010). Traditional complementary and alternative medicine and antiretroviral treatment adherence among HIV patients in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa. Africa Journal of Traditional Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 7(2), 125–137.
  • Republic of South Africa: National Department of Health. (2013). The 2012 National Antenatal Sentinel HIV & Herpes Simplex Type-2 Prevalence Survey in South Africa. Pretoria, South Africa. Retrieved from http://www.health-e.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/ASHIVHerp_Report2014_22May2014.pdf
  • Root, R., & Whiteside, A. (2013). A qualitative study of community home-based care and antiretroviral adherence in Swaziland. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 16, 17978. doi:10.7448/IAS.16.1.17978
  • Rosen, S., & Fox, M. P. (2011). Retention in HIV care between testing and treatment in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review. PLoS Medicine, 8(7), e1001056. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001056
  • Rough, K., Dietrich, J., Essien, T., Grelotti, D. J., Bansberg, D. R., Gray, G., & Katz, I. T. (2014). Whoonga and the abuse and diversion of antiretrovirals in Soweto, South Africa. AIDS and Behavior, 18(7), 1378–1380. doi:10.1007/s10461-013-0683-x
  • Sanjobo, N., Frich, J. C., & Fretheim, A. (2008). Barriers and facilitators to patients’ adherence to antiretroviral treatment in Zambia: A qualitative study. SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS, 5(3), 136–143. doi:10.1080/17290376.2008.9724912
  • South African Department of Health. (2007). HIV & AIDS strategic plan for South Africa 2007–2011. Retrieved from http://www.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/dataimport/pub/externaldocument/2007/20070604_sa_nsp_final_en.pdf
  • UNAIDS. (2012). Global AIDS response progress report, 2012: South Africa. Retrieved from http://www.unaids.org/en/dataanalysis/knowyourresponse/countryprogressreports/2012countries/ce_ZA_Narrative_Report.pdf
  • World Health Organization. (1989). Strengthening the performance for the WHO Study Group on community health workers. Geneva.
  • World Health Organization. (2010). People-centred care in low- and middle-income countries: Report of meeting held 5 May 2010. Geneva, Switzerland. Retrieved from http://www.personcenteredmedicine.org/docs/geneva2011i.pdf
  • World Health Organization. (2013). Global health observatory data repository. WHO African region: South Africa statistics summary (2002 – present). Retrieved from http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.country.country-ZAF
  • World Health Organization. (2015). Global health observatory data repository: Antiretroviral therapy coverage, Data and estimates by country. Retrieved from http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.626?lang=en
  • Zulliger, R., Moshabela, M., & Schneider, H. (2014). “She is my teacher and if it was not for her I would be dead”: Exploration of rural South African community health workers’ information, education and communication activities. AIDS Care, 26(5), 626–632. doi:10.1080/09540121.2013.841839

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.