The effects of a 16-week aerobic exercise programme on cognitive function in people living with HIV

References

• Alfahad, T., & Nath, A. (2013). Update on HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports, 13, 387. doi:10.1007/s11910-013-0387-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balady, G., Chaitman, B., Driscoll, D., Foster, C., Froelicher, E., Gordan, N., … Bazzarre, T. (1998). Recommendations for cardiovascular screening, staffing and emergency policies at health/fitness facilities. Circulation, 97, 2283–2293. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.97.22.2283
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartels, C., Wegrzyn, M., Wiedl, A., Ackermann, V., & Ehrenreich, H. (2010). Practice effects in healthy adults: A longitudinal study on frequent repetitive cognitive testing. BMC Neuroscience, 11, 118–129. doi: 10.1186/1471-2202-11-118
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borg, G. (1982). Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 14, 377–381.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowie, C., & Harvey, P. (2006). Administration and interpretation of the Trail Making Test. Nature Protocols, 1, 2277–2281. doi: 10.1038/nprot.2006.390
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buysse, D., Reynolds, C., Monk, T., Bernan, S., & Kupfer, D. (1989). The Pittsburgh sleep quality index: A new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychology Research, 28, 193–213.
   Google Scholar
• Chang, Y.-K., Chu, C.-H., Wang, C.-C., Wang, Y.-C., Song, T. F., Tsai, C.-L., & Jetnier, J. (2015). Dose–response relation between exercise duration and cognition. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 47, 159–165. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000383
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chin, L., Keyser, R., Dsurney, J., & Chan, L. (2015). Improved cognitive performance following aerobic exercise training in people with traumatic brain injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 96, 754–759. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2014.11.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Lorenzo, A., Meirelles, V., Vilela, F., & Souza, F. (2013). Use of the exercise treadmill test for the assessment of cardiac risk markers in adults infected with HIV. Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care, 12, 110–116. doi: 10.1177/1545109712460098
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dufour, C., Marquine, M., Fazeli, P., Henry, B., Ellis, R., Grant, I., & Moore, D. (2013). Physical exercise is associated with less neurocognitive impairment among HIV-infected adults. Journal of NeuroVirology, 19, 410–417. doi: 10.1007/s13365-013-0184-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erickson, K., Voss, M., Prakash, R., Basake, C., Szabo, A., Chaddock, L., … Kramer, A. (2011). Exercise training increases size of hippocampus and improves memory. PNAS, 7, 3017–3022. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1015950108
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ernst, T., Jiang, C., Nakama, H., Buchthal, S., & Chang, L. (2010). Lower brain glutamate is associated with cognitive deficits in HIV patients: A new mechanism for HIV- associated neurocognitive disorder. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 32, 1045–1053. doi: 10.1002/jmri.22366
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fillipas, S., Oldmeadow, L., Bailey, M., & Cherry, C. (2006). A six-month, supervised, aerobic and resistance exercise program improves self-efficacy in people with human immunodeficiency virus: A randomiseds controlled trial. Australian Journal of Physiotherapy, 52, 185–190. doi: 10.1016/S0004-9514(06)70027-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freedson, P., Melanson, E., & Sirard, J. (1998). Calibration of the Computer Science Applications, Inc. accelerometer. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 30, 777–781. doi: 10.1097/00005768-199805000-00021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia, S., Alosco, M., Spitznagel, M., Cohen, R., Raz, N., Sweet, L., … Gunstad, J. (2013). Cardiovascular fitness associated with cognitive performance in heart failure patients enrolled in cardiac rehabilitation. BMC Cardiovas Disord, 13, 29–35. doi: 10.1186/1471-2261-13-29
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffin, É, Mullally, F. C., Warmington, S., O'Mara, S., & Kelly, Á. (2011). Aerobic exercise improves hippocampal function and increases BDNF in the serum of young adult males. Physiology & Behavior, 104, 934–941. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.06.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heyward, V., & Gibson, A. (2014). Advanced fitness assessment and exercise prescription (7th ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
   Google Scholar
• Kim, W., Nam, S., Lee, Y. J., Ahn, J., Kim, S., Ahn, H. W., Hong, K. W., Song, J., Cheong, H., Kim, W., Kim, J., Namkoong, K., Choi, J., & Kim, E. (2016). Utility of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and its subset in HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND) screening. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 80, 53–57. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2015.11.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mapstone, M., Hilton, T., Yang, H., Guido, J., Luque, A., Hall, W., … Shah, K. (2013). Poor aerobic fitness may contribute to cognitive decline in HIV-infected older adults. Aging and Disease, 4, 311–319. doi: 10.14336/AD.2013.0400311
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morley, D., McNamara, P., Kennelly, S., McMahon, G., & Bergin, C. (2013). Limitations to the identification of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders in clinical practice. HIV Medicine, 14, 497–502. doi: 10.1111/hiv.12036
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murray, D., Sacheli, M., Eng, J., & Stoessl, A. (2014). The effects of exercise on cognition in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review. Transl Neurodegener, 3, 5–17. doi: 10.1186/2047-9158-3-5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nasreddine, Z., Phillips, N., Bedirian, V., Charbonneau, S., Whitehead, V., Collin, I., … Chertkow, H. (2005). The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MOCA: A brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 53, 695–699. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pedersen, M., Pedersen, K., Bruunsgaard, H., Krabbe, K., Thomsen, C., Faerch, K., … Mortensen, E. (2012). Cognitive functions in middle aged individuals are related to metabolic disturbances and aerobic capacity: A cross sectional study. Plos one, 7, e51132–e51138. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051132
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roos, R., Myezwa, H., & Van Aswegen, H. (2015). “Not easy at all but I am trying”: Barriers and facilitators to physical activity in a South African cohort of people living with HIV participating in a home-based pedometer walking programme. Aids Care, 27, 235–239. doi: 10.1080/09540121.2014.951309
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shapiro, S., & Wilk, M. (1965). An analysis of variance test for normality. Biometrika, 52, 591–611. doi: 10.1093/biomet/52.3-4.591
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suzuki, T., Shimada, H., Makizako, H., Doi, T., Yoshida, D., Ito, K., … Kato, T. (2013). A randomised controlled trial of multicomponent exercise in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. PLoS One, 8, e61483–e61492. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061483
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ten Brinke, L., Bolandzadeh, N., Nagamatsu, L., Hsu, C., Davis, J., Miran-Khan, K., & Liu-Ambrose, T. (2015). Aerobic exercise increases hippocampal volume in older women with probable mild cognitive impairment: A 6-month randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 49, 248–254. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2013-093184
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar