Suicidal ideation and behaviour among persons seeking HIV testing in peri-urban areas of Cape Town, South Africa: a lost opportunity for suicide prevention

References

• Alfonso, C. A., Cohen, M. A. A., Aladiem, A. D., Morrison, F., Powell, D. R., Winters, R. A., & Orlowski, B. K. (1994). HIV seropositivity as a major risk factor for suicide in the general hospital. Psychosomatics, 35(4), 368–373. doi: 10.1016/S0033-3182(94)71758-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5®). Washington, DC: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Bantjes, J., & Kagee, A. (2013). Epidemiology of suicide in South Africa: Setting an agenda for future research. South African Journal of Psychology, 43(2), 238–251. doi: 10.1177/0081246313482627
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basavaraj, K. H., Navya, M. A., & Rashmi, R. (2010). Quality of life in HIV/AIDS. Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS, 31(2), 75. doi: 10.4103/0253-7184.74971
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. K. (1996). Beck Depression Inventory-II. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Coates, J., Swindale, A., & Bilinsky, P. (2007). Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) for measurement of food access: Indicator guide. Washington, DC: Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance Project, Academy for Educational Development.
   Google Scholar
• Conwell, Y., Duberstein, P. R., Cox, C., & Herrmann, J. H. (1996). Relationship of age and axis I diagnoses in victims of completed suicide: A psychological autopsy study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 153(8), 1001–1008. doi: 10.1176/ajp.153.8.1001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• First, M. B. (1995). Structured clinical interview for the DSM (SCID). New York, NY: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Fliege, H., Lee, J. R., Grimm, A., & Klapp, B. F. (2009). Risk factors and correlates of deliberate self-harm behavior: A systematic review. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 66(6), 477–493. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2008.10.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foa, E. B., Riggs, D. S., Dancu, C. V., & Rothbaum, B. O. (1993). Reliability and validity of a brief instrument for assessing post-traumatic stress disorder. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 6(4), 459–473. doi: 10.1002/jts.2490060405
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glass, R. M. (1988). AIDS and suicide. JAMA, 259(9), 1369–1370. doi: 10.1001/jama.1988.03720090059037
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawton, K., Sutton, L., Haw, C., Sinclair, J., & Harris, L. (2005). Suicide and attempted suicide in bipolar disorder: A systematic review of risk factors. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 66, 693–704. doi: 10.4088/JCP.v66n0604
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawton, K., & Van Heeringen, K. (Eds.). (2000). The international handbook of suicide and attempted suicide. Chichester: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Heckman, T. G., Miller, J., Kochman, A., Kalichman, S. C., Carlson, B., & Silverthorn, M. (2002). Thoughts of suicide among HIV-infected rural persons enrolled in a telephone-delivered mental health intervention. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 24(2), 141–148. doi: 10.1207/S15324796ABM2402_11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hull, H. F., Sewell, C. M., Wilson, J., & McFeeley, P. (1988). The risk of suicide in persons with AIDS. JAMA, 260(1), 29–30. doi: 10.1001/jama.1988.03410010037016
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• IBM. (2010). IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 19.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Jack, H., Wagner, R. G., Petersen, I., Thom, R., Newton, C. R., Stein, A., … Hofman, K. J. (2014). Closing the mental health treatment gap in South Africa: A review of costs and cost-effectiveness. Global Health Action, 7, 137–147. doi: 10.3402/gha.v7.23431
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jia, C. X., Mehlum, L., & Qin, P. (2012). AIDS/HIV infection, comorbid psychiatric illness, and risk for subsequent suicide: A nationwide register linkage study. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 73(10), 1315–1321. doi: 10.4088/JCP.12m07814
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joe, S., Stein, D. J., Seedat, S., Herman, A., & Williams, D. R. (2008). Non-fatal suicidal behavior among South Africans. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 43(6), 454–461. doi: 10.1007/s00127-008-0348-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kagee, A., & Martin, L. (2010). Symptoms of depression and anxiety among a sample of South African patients living with HIV. AIDS care, 22(2), 159–165. doi: 10.1080/09540120903111445
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang, C. R., Bang, J. H., Cho, S. I., Kim, K. N., Lee, H. J., Ryu, B. Y., … Lee, J. K. (2016). Suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults: differences in risk factors and their implications. AIDS care, 28(3), 306–313. doi: 10.1080/09540121.2015.1093593
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keiser, O., Spoerri, A., Brinkhof, M. W., Hasse, B., Gayet-Ageron, A., Tissot, F., … Egger, M. (2010). Suicide in HIV-infected individuals and the general population in Switzerland, 1988–2008. American Journal of Psychiatry, 167, 143–150. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09050651
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kinyanda, E., Hoskins, S., Nakku, J., Nawaz, S., & Patel, V. (2012). The prevalence and characteristics of suicidality in HIV/AIDS as seen in an African population in Entebbe district, Uganda. BMC Psychiatry, 12(1), 1. doi: 10.1186/1471-244X-12-63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kizer, K. W., Green, M., Perkins, C. I., Doebbert, G., & Hughes, M. J. (1988). AIDS and suicide in California. Jama, 260(13), 1881. doi: 10.1001/jama.1988.03410130075021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krysinska, K., & Lester, D. (2010). Post-traumatic stress disorder and suicide risk: A systematic review. Archives of Suicide Research, 14(1), 1–23. doi: 10.1080/13811110903478997
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lönnqvist, J. (2015). Physical illnesses and suicide. In D. Wasserman (Ed.) Suicide: an unnecessary death (pp. 124–133). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Marzuk, P. M., Tierney, H., Tardiff, K., Gross, E. M., Morgan, E. B., Hsu, M. A., & Mann, J. J. (1988). Increased risk of suicide in persons with AIDS. JAMA, 259(9), 1333–1337. doi: 10.1001/jama.1988.03720090023028
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Musisi, S., & Kinyanda, E. (2009). Emotional and behavioural disorders in HIV seropositive adolescents in urban Uganda. East African Medical Journal, 86(1), 16–24. doi: 10.4314/eamj.v86i1.46923
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ndosi, N., Mbonde, M., & Lyamuya, E. (2004). Profile of suicide in Dar es Salaam. East African Medical Journal, 81(4), 207–211. doi: 10.4314/eamj.v81i4.9157
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nock, M. K., Borges, G., Bromet, E. J., Alonso, J., Angermeyer, M., Beautrais, A., … Williams, D. (2008). Cross-national prevalence and risk factors for suicidal ideation, plans and attempts. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 192(2), 98–105. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.107.040113
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Dowd, M. A., Biderman, D. J., & McKegney, F. P. (1993). Incidence of suicidality in AIDS and HIV-positive patients attending a psychiatry outpatient program. Psychosomatics, 34(1), 33–40. doi: 10.1016/S0033-3182(93)71925-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogundipe, O. A., Olagunju, A. T., & Adeyemi, J. D. (2015). Suicidal ideation among attendees of a West African HIV clinic. Archives of Suicide Research, 19(1), 103–116. doi: 10.1080/13811118.2014.915776
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olley, B. O., Zeier, M. D., Seedat, S., & Stein, D. J. (2005). Post-traumatic stress disorder among recently diagnosed patients with HIV/AIDS in South Africa. AIDS Care, 17(5), 550–557. doi:10.1080/09540120412331319741
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petrushkin, A., Boardman, J., & Ovuga, E. (2005). Psychiatric disorders in HIV-positive individuals in urban Uganda. Psychiatric Bulletin, 29, 455–458. doi: 10.1192/pb.29.12.455
   Google Scholar
• Pueschel, K., & Heineman, A. (1995). HIV and suicide in Hamburg. AIDS Care, 7(5), 129–134. doi: 10.1080/09540129550126119
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rihmer, Z. (2007). Suicide risk in mood disorders. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 20, 17–22. doi: 10.1097/YCO.0b013e3280106868
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rukundo, G. Z., Mishara, B. L., & Kinyanda, E. (2016). Burden of suicidal ideation and attempt among persons living with HIV and AIDS in semiurban Uganda. AIDS Research and Treatment, 2016. doi:0.1155/2016/3015468
   Google Scholar
• Schlebusch, L., & Vawda, N. (2010). HIV-infection as a self-reported risk factor for attempted suicide in South Africa. African Journal of Psychiatry, 13(4), 280–283. doi: 10.4314/ajpsy.v13i4.61877
   Google Scholar
• Sherr, L., Lampe, F., Fisher, M., Arthur, G., Anderson, J., Zetler, S., … Harding, R. (2008). Suicidal ideation in UK HIV clinic attenders. AIDS, 22, 1651–1658. doi:10.1097/QAD.0b013e32830c4804
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shirey, K. G. (2013). Suicide and HIV. In Mental health practitioner’s guide to HIV/AIDS (pp. 405–407). New York, NY: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Simbayi, L., Shisana, O., Rehle, T., Onoya, D., Jooste, S., Zungu, N., & Zuma, K. (2014). South African National HIV prevalence, incidence and behaviour survey, 2012. Pretoria: Human Sciences Research Council.
   Google Scholar
• Svavarsdottir, E. K., & Orlygsdottir, B. (2006). Sociodemographic information questionnaire. Reykjavik: University of Iceland, Faculty of Nursing.
   Google Scholar
• Wulsin, L. R., Vaillant, G. E., & Wells, V. E. (1999). A systematic review of the mortality of depression. Psychosomatic Medicine, 61(1), 6–17. doi: 10.1097/00006842-199901000-00003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zuma, K., Shisana, O., Rehle, T. M., Simbayi, L. C., Jooste, S., Zungu, N., … Abdullah, F. (2016). New insights into HIV epidemic in South Africa: key findings from the National HIV prevalence, incidence and behaviour survey, 2012. African Journal of AIDS Research, 15(1), 67–75. doi: 10.2989/16085906.2016.1153491
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar