Age matters: differences in correlates of self-reported HIV antiretroviral treatment adherence between older and younger Black men who have sex with men living with HIV

References

• Armstrong, K., McMurphy, S., Dean, L. T., Micco, E., Putt, M., Hughes Halbert, C., … Shea, J. A. (2008). Differences in the patterns of health care system distrust between blacks and whites. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 23(6), 827–833. doi: 10.1007/s11606-008-0561-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnold, E. A., Rebchook, G. M., & Kegeles, S. M. (2014). “Triply cursed”: racism, homophobia and HIV-related stigma are barriers to regular HIV testing, treatment adherence and disclosure among young Black gay men. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 16(6), 710–722. doi: 10.1080/13691058.2014.905706
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bangsberg, D. R. (2006). Less than 95% adherence to nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor therapy can lead to viral suppression. Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 43(7), 939–941. doi: 10.1086/507526
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barclay, T. R., Hinkin, C. H., Castellon, S. A., Mason, K. I., Reinhard, M. J., Marion, S. D., … Durvasula, R. S. (2007). Age-associated predictors of medication adherence in HIV-positive adults: Health beliefs, self-efficacy, and neurocognitive status. Health Psychology: Official Journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association, 26(1), 40–49. doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.26.1.40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bogart, L. M., & Thorburn, S. (2005). Are HIV/AIDS conspiracy beliefs a barrier to HIV prevention among African Americans? Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes (1999), 38(2), 213–218. doi: 10.1097/00126334-200502010-00014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bogart, L. M., Wagner, G. J., Galvan, F. H., & Banks, D. (2010a). Conspiracy beliefs about HIV are related to antiretroviral treatment nonadherence among African American men with HIV. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes (1999), 53(5), 648–655.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bogart, L. M., Wagner, G. J., Galvan, F. H., & Klein, D. J. (2010b). Longitudinal relationships between antiretroviral treatment adherence and discrimination due to HIV-serostatus, race, and sexual orientation among African-American men with HIV. Annals of Behavioral Medicine: A Publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine, 40(2), 184–190. doi: 10.1007/s12160-010-9200-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bogart, L. M., Wagner, G. J., Green, H. D., Mutchler, M. G., Klein, D. J., McDavitt, B., … Hilliard, C. L. (2016). Medical mistrust among social network members may contribute to antiretroviral treatment nonadherence in African Americans living with HIV. Social Science & Medicine (1982), 164, 133–140. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.03.028
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bogart, L. M., Wagner, G. J., Green, H. D., Mutchler, M. G., Klein, D. J., & McDavitt, B. (2015). Social network characteristics moderate the association between stigmatizing attributions about HIV and non-adherence among Black Americans living with HIV: A longitudinal assessment. Annals of Behavioral Medicine: A Publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine, 49(6), 865–872. doi: 10.1007/s12160-015-9724-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carrico, A. W. (2011). Substance use and HIV disease progression in the HAART era: Implications for the primary prevention of HIV. Life Sciences, 88(21–22), 940–947. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2010.10.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012). HIV in the United States: The Stages of Care. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pdf/research_mmp_stagesofcare.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2016). HIV Treatment. Retrieved April 10, 2018, from https://www.cdc.gov/actagainstaids/campaigns/hivtreatmentworks/stayincare/treatment.html
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017a). HIV Among gay and bisexual men. Retrieved April 10, 2018, from https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/group/msm/index.html
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017b). HIV Surveillance report, 2016. Retrieved April 10, 2018, from https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pdf/library/reports/surveillance/cdc-hiv-surveillance-report-2016-vol-28.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Cherpitel, C. J. (2002). Screening for alcohol problems in the U.S. General population: Comparison of the CAGE, RAPS4, and RAPS4-QF by gender, ethnicity, and service utilization. Rapid alcohol problems screen. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 26(11), 1686–1691. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2002.tb02471.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crepaz, N., Dong, X., Wang, X., Hernandez, A. L., & Hall, H. I. (2018). Racial and ethnic disparities in sustained viral suppression and transmission risk potential Among persons Receiving HIV care - United States, 2014. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 67(4), 113–118. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6704a2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cunningham, W. E., Andersen, R. M., Katz, M. H., Stein, M. D., Turner, B. J., Crystal, S., … Shapiro, M. F. (1999). The impact of competing subsistence needs and barriers on access to medical care for persons with human immunodeficiency virus receiving care in the United States. Medical Care, 37(12), 1270–1281. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005650-199912000-00010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dailey, A. F., Johnson, A. S., & Wu, B. (2017). HIV care outcomes among Blacks with diagnosed HIV — United States, 2014. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 66(4), 97–103. http://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6604a2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dale, S. K., Bogart, L. M., Wagner, G. J., Galvan, F. H., & Klein, D. J. (2016). Medical mistrust is related to lower longitudinal medication adherence among African-American males with HIV. Journal of Health Psychology, 21(7), 1311–1321. doi: 10.1177/1359105314551950
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Division of HIV and STD Programs Los Angeles County Department of Public Health. (2016). 2014 Annual HIV/STD Surveillance Report. Retrieved from http://publichealth.lacounty.gov/dhsp/Reports/HIV-STDsurveillanceReport2014.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Earnshaw, V. A., Bogart, L. M., Dovidio, J. F., & Williams, D. R. (2013). Stigma and racial/ethnic HIV disparities: Moving toward resilience. American Psychologist, 68(4), 225–236. doi: 10.1037/a0032705
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghidei, L., Simone, M. J., Salow, M. J., Zimmerman, K. M., Paquin, A. M., Skarf, L. M., … Rudolph, J. L. (2013). Aging, antiretrovirals, and adherence: A meta analysis of adherence among older HIV-infected individuals. Drugs & Aging, 30(10), 809–819. doi: 10.1007/s40266-013-0107-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hargraves, J. L., Hays, R. D., & Cleary, P. D. (2003). Psychometric properties of the consumer assessment of health plans study (CAHPS) 2.0 adult core survey. Health Services Research, 38(6 Pt 1), 1509–1528. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-6773.2003.00190.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hinkin, C. H., Hardy, D. J., Mason, K. I., Castellon, S. A., Durvasula, R. S., Lam, M. N., & Stefaniak, M. (2004). Medication adherence in HIV-infected adults: Effect of patient age, cognitive status, and substance abuse. AIDS (London, England), 18 (Suppl 1), S19–S25. doi: 10.1097/00002030-200401001-00004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, C. J., Heckman, T. G., Hansen, N. B., Kochman, A., & Sikkema, K. J. (2009). Adherence to antiretroviral medication in older adults living with HIV/AIDS: A comparison of alternative models. AIDS Care, 21(5), 541–551. doi: 10.1080/09540120802385611
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, J. H. (1981). Bad Blood: The Tuskegee syphilis Experiment. New York: The Free Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kalichman, S. C., Simbayi, L. C., Cloete, A., Mthembu, P. P., Mkhonta, R. N., & Ginindza, T. (2009). Measuring AIDS stigmas in people living with HIV/AIDS: The internalized AIDS-related stigma scale. AIDS Care, 21(1), 87–93. doi: 10.1080/09540120802032627
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaufman, M. R., Cornish, F., Zimmerman, R. S., & Johnson, B. T. (2014). Health behavior change models for HIV prevention and AIDS care: Practical recommendations for a multi-level approach. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 66 (Suppl 3), S250–S258. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0000000000000236
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kobin, A. B., & Sheth, N. U. (2011). Levels of adherence required for virologic suppression among newer antiretroviral medications. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 45(3), 372–379. doi: 10.1345/aph.1P587
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R., & Williams, W. (2001). The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 16(9), 606–613. doi: 10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• London, A. S., Foote-Ardah, C. E., Fleishman, J. A., & Shapiro, M. F. (2003). Use of alternative therapists among people in care for HIV in the United States. American Journal of Public Health, 93(6), 980–987. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.93.6.980
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mannheim, K. (1952). The problem of generations. In Paul Kecskemeti, essays on the sociology of knowledge (pp. 276–320). New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Maulsby, C., Millett, G., Lindsey, K., Kelley, R., Johnson, K., Montoya, D., & Holtgrave, D. (2014). HIV among Black men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States: A review of the literature. AIDS and Behavior, 18(1), 10–25. doi: 10.1007/s10461-013-0476-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLellan, A. T., Luborsky, L., Cacciola, J., Griffith, J., Evans, F., Barr, H. L., & O'Brien, C. P. (1985). New data from the addiction severity index reliability and validity in three centers. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 173(7), 412–423. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-198507000-00005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mimiaga, M. J., Reisner, S. L., Fontaine, Y., Bland, S. E., Driscoll, M. A., Isenberg, D., … Mayer, K. H. (2010). Walking the line: stimulant use during sex and HIV risk behavior among Black urban MSM. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 110(1–2), 30–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.01.017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mutchler, M. G., McDavitt, B., & Gordon, K. K. (2014). “Becoming bold”: alcohol use and sexual exploration among Black and Latino young men who have sex with men (YMSM). Journal of Sex Research, 51(6), 696–710. doi: 10.1080/00224499.2013.772086
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mutchler, M. G., Wagner, G., Cowgill, B. O., McKay, T., Risley, B., & Bogart, L. M. (2011). Improving HIV/AIDS care through treatment advocacy: Going beyond client education to empowerment by facilitating client-provider relationships. AIDS Care, 23(1), 79–90. doi: 10.1080/09540121.2010.496847
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quinn, K., Voisin, D. R., Bouris, A., & Schneider, J. (2016). Psychological distress, drug use, sexual risks and medication adherence among young HIV-positive Black men who have sex with men: Exposure to community violence matters. AIDS Care, 28(7), 866–872. doi: 10.1080/09540121.2016.1153596
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RAND Corporation. (n.d.). HIV Cost and Services Utilization Study (HCSUS). Retrieved from https://www.rand.org/health-care/projects/hcsus.html
   Google Scholar
• Rumptz, M. H., Tobias, C., Rajabiun, S., Bradford, J., Cabral, H., Young, R., & Cunningham, W. E. (2007). Factors associated with engaging socially marginalized HIV-positive persons in primary care. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 21 (Suppl 1), S-30-S-39. doi: 10.1089/apc.2007.9989
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sherbourne, C. D., & Stewart, A. L. (1991). The MOS social support survey. Social Science and Medicine, 32(6), 705–714. https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(91)90150-B
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shuter, J., Sarlo, J. A., Kanmaz, T. J., Rode, R. A., & Zingman, B. S. (2007). HIV-infected patients receiving lopinavir/ritonavir-based antiretroviral therapy achieve high rates of virologic suppression despite adherence rates less than 95%. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes (1999), 45(1), 4–8. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e318050d8c2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegel, K., Karus, D., & Schrimshaw, E. W. (2000). Racial differences in attitudes toward protease inhibitors among older HIV-infected men. AIDS Care, 12(4), 423–434. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540120050123828
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simoni, J. M., Huh, D., Wilson, I. B., Shen, J., Goggin, K., Reynolds, N. R., … Liu, H. (2012). Racial/ethnic disparities in ART adherence in the United States: Findings from the MACH14 study. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes (1999), 60(5), 466–472. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31825db0bd
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simoni, J. M., Kurth, A. E., Pearson, C. R., Pantalone, D. W., Merrill, J. O., & Frick, P. A. (2006). Self-report measures of antiretroviral therapy adherence: A review with recommendations for HIV research and clinical management. AIDS and Behavior, 10(3), 227–245. doi: 10.1007/s10461-006-9078-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Socias, M. E., & Milloy, M. (2018). Substance use and adherence to antiretroviral therapy: What is known and what is unknown. Current Infectious Disease Reports, 20(9). doi: 10.1007/s11908-018-0636-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Voisin, D. R., Quinn, K., Kim, D. H., & Schneider, J. (2017). A longitudinal analysis of antiretroviral adherence among young black men who have sex with men. The Journal of Adolescent Health: Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 60(4), 411–416. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.10.428
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vu, N., Maher, L., & Zablotska, I. (2015). Amphetamine-type stimulants and HIV infection among men who have sex with men: Implications on HIV research and prevention from a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 18(1). doi: 10.7448/IAS.18.1.19273
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Williams, D. R., & Mohammed, S. A. (2009). Discrimination and racial disparities in health: Evidence and needed research. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 32(1), 20–47. doi: 10.1007/s10865-008-9185-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar