References
- Altice, F., Mostashari, F., & Friedland, G. (2001). Trust and the acceptance of and adherence to antiretroviral therapy. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 28(1), 47–58. https://doi.org/10.1097/00042560-200109010-00008
- Amico, K., Harman, J., & Johnson, B. (2006). Efficacy of antiretroviral therapy adherence interventions: A research synthesis of trials, 1996–2004. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 41(3), 285–297. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.qai.0000197870.99196.ea
- Avants, S., Margolin, A., Warburton, L., Hawkins, K., & Shi, J. (2001). Predictors of nonadherence to HIV-related medication regimens during methadone stabilization. American Journal on Addictions, 10(1), 69–78. https://doi.org/10.1080/105504901750160501
- Balfour, L., Kowal, J., Tasca, G. A., Cooper, C. L., Angel, J. B., MacPherson, P. A., Garber, G., Béïque, L., & Cameron, D. W. (2007). Development and psychometric validation of the HIV treatment knowledge scale. AIDS Care, 19(9), 1141–1148. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540120701352241
- Bangsberg, D. R., Acosta, E. P., Gupta, R., Guzman, D., Riley, E. D., Harrigan, P. R., Parkin, N., & Deeks, S. G. (2006). Adherence-resistance relationships for protease and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors explaiend by virological fitness. AIDS, 20(2), 223–231. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.aids.0000199825.34241.49
- Barrera, M. (1980). A method for the assessment of social support networks in community survey research. Connections, 3(3), 8–13.
- Beach, M. C., Roter, D. L., Saha, S., Korthuis, P. T., Eggly, S., Cohn, J., Sharp, V., Moore, R. D., & Wilson, I. B. (2015). Impact of a brief patient and provider intervention to improve the quality of communication about medication adherence among HIV patients. Patient Education and Counseling, 98(9), 1078–1083. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2015.05.011
- Berghoff, C. R., Gratz, K. L., Portz, K. J., Pinkston, M., Naifeh, J. A., Evans, S. D., Konkle-Parker, D. J., & Tull, M. T. (2018). The role of emotional avoidance, the patient-provider relationship, and other social support in ART adherence for HIV+ individuals. AIDS and Behavior, 22(3), 929–938. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-017-1745-2
- Brandt, R. (2009). The mental health of people living with HIV/AIDS in Africa: A systematic review. African Journal of AIDS Research, 8(2), 123–133. https://doi.org/10.2989/AJAR.2009.8.2.1.853
- Breuer, E., Stoloff, K., Myer, L., Seedat, S., Stein, D., & Joska, J. (2012). Reliability of the lay adherence counsellor administered substance abuse and mental illness symptoms screener (SAMISS) and the international HIV dementia scale (IHDS) in a primary care HIV clinic in Cape Town, South Africa. AIDS and Behavior, 16(6), 1464. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-011-0067-z
- Breuer, E., Stoloff, K., Myer, L., Seedat, S., Stein, D., & Joska, J. (2014). The validity of the substance abuse and mental illness symptom screener (SAMISS) in people living with HIV/AIDS in primary HIV care in Cape Town, South Africa. AIDS and Behavior, 18(6), 1133. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-014-0698-y
- Chesney, M., Ickovics, J., Chambers, D., Gifford, A., Neidig, J., Zwickl, B., & Patient Care Committee & Adherence Working Group of the Outcomes Committee of the Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Group (AACTG). (2000). Self-reported adherence to antiretroviral medications among participants in HIV clinical trials: The AACTG adherence instruments. AIDS Care, 12(3), 255–266. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540120050042891
- Chibanda, D., Benjamin, L., Weiss, H., & Abas, M. (2014). Mental, neurological, and substance use disorders in people living with HIV/AIDS in low- and middle-income countries. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 67(Suppl 1), S54–S67. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0000000000000258
- Coetzee, B., Kagee, A., & Vermeulen, N. (2011). Structural barriers to adherence to antiretroviral therapy in a sresource-constrained setting: The perspectives of health care providers. AIDS Care, 23(2), 146. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2010.498874
- Cohen, M. S., Chen, Y. Q., McCauley, M., Gamble, T., Hosseinipour, M. C., Kumarasamy, N., Hakim, J. G., Kumwenda, J., Grinsztejn, B., Pilotto, J. H. S., Godbole, S. V., Mehendale, S., Chariyalertsak, S., Santos, B. R., Mayer, K. H., Hoffman, I. F., Eshleman, S. H., Piwowar-Manning, E., Wang, L., … Fleming, T. R. (2011). Prevention of HIV-1 infection with early antiretroviral therapy. New England Journal of Medicine, 365(6), 493–505. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1105243
- Croome, N., Ahluwalia, M., Hughes, L., & Abas, M. (2017). Patient-reported barriers and facilitators to antiretroviral adherence in sub-Saharan Africa. Aids (london, England), 31(7), 995–1007. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0000000000001416
- Davis, A., McCrimmon, T., Dasgupta, A., Gilbert, L., Terlikbayeva, A., Hunt, T., Primbetova, S., Wu, E., Darisheva, M., & El-Bassel, N. (2018). Individual, social, and structural factors affecting antiretroviral therapy adherence among HIV-positive people who inject drugs in Kazakhstan. International Journal of Drug Policy, 62, 43–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2018.08.014
- Easthall, C., Song, F., & Bhattacharya, D. (2013). A meta-analysis of cognitive-based behaviour change techniques as interventions to improve medicaiton adherence. BMJ Open, 3(8), e002749. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2013-002749
- El-Bassel, N., & Remien, R. (2011). Couple-based HIV prevention and treatment: State of science, gaps, and future directions. In W. Pequegnat & C. Bell (Eds.), Family and HIV/AIDS: Cultural and contextual issues in prevention and treatment (pp. 153–172). Springer.
- Ewart, C. (1991). Social action theory for a public health psychology. American Psychologist, 46(9), 931–946. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.46.9.931
- Fife, B., & Wright, E. (2000). The dimensionality of stigma: A comparison of its impact on the self of persons with HIV/AIDS and cancer. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 41(1), 50–67. https://doi.org/10.2307/2676360
- Flynn, P., Rudy, B., Douglas, S., Lathey, J., Spector, S., Martinez, J., Silio, M., Belzer, M., Friedman, L., D'Angelo, L., McNamara, J., Hodge, J., Hughes, M., & Lindsey, J. (2004). Virologic and immunologic outcomes after 24 weeks in HIV type 1-infected adolescents receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 190(2), 271–279. https://doi.org/10.1086/421521
- Gouse, H., Robbins, R. N., Mellins, C. A., Kingon, A., Rowe, J., Henry, M., Remien, R. H., Pearson, A., Victor, F., & Joska, J. A. (2018). Empowering lay-counsellors with technology: Masivukeni, a standardized multimedia counselling support tool to deliver ART counseling. AIDS and Behavior, 22(10), 3345–3356. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-018-2145-y
- Groh, K., Audet, C., Baptista, A., Sidat, M., Vergara, A., Vermund, S., & Moon, T. (2011). Barriers to antiretroviral therapy adherence in rural Mozambique. BMC Public Health, 11(1), 650. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-11-650
- Horne, R., Weinman, J., & Hankins, M. (1999). The beliefs about medicines questionnaire: the development and evaluation of a new method for assessing the cognitive representation of medication. Psychology & Health, 14(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870449908407311
- Huntington, S., Thorne, C., Anderson, J., Newell, M. L., Taylor, G. P., Pillay, D., Hill, T., Tookey, P., & Sabin, C. (2014). Response to antiretroviral therapy (ART): comparing women with previous use of zidovudine monotherapy (ZDVm) in pregnancy with ART naive women. BMC Infectious Diseases, 14(127), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-14-127.
- Ingersoll, K., & Heckman, C. (2005). Patient-clinician relationships and treatment system effects on HIV medication adherence. AIDS and Behavior, 9(1), 89–101. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-005-1684-1
- The INSIGHT START Study Group. (2015). Initiation of antiretroviral therapy in early asymptomatic HIV infection. New England Journal of Medicine, 373(9), 795–807. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1506816
- Johnson, M., Neilands, T., Dilworth, S., Morin, S., Remien, R., & Chesney, M. (2007). The role of self-efficacy in HIV treatment adherence: Validation of the HIV treatment adherence self-efficacy scale (HIV-ASES). Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 30(5), 359–370. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-007-9118-3
- Kagee, A., Remien, R., Berkman, A., Hoffman, S., Campos, L., & Swartz, L. (2011). Structural barriers to ART adherence in Southern Africa: Challenges and potential ways forward. Global Public Health, 6(1), 83–97. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441691003796387
- Kaufman, M., Cornish, F., Zimmerman, R., & Johnson, B. (2014). Health behavior change models for HIV prevention and AIDS care: Practical recommendations for a multi-level approach. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 66(Suppl 3), S250. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0000000000000236
- Kipsang, J., Chen, J., Tang, C., Li, X., & Wang, H. (2018). Self-reported adherence to antiretroviral treatment and correlates in Hunan province, the Peoples Republic of China. International Journal of Nursing Sciences, 5(2), 162–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2018.04.008
- Kleeberger, C. A., Buechner, J., Palella, F., Detels, R., Riddler, S., Godfrey, R., & Jacobson, L. P. (2004). Changes in adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy medications in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Aids (london, England), 18(4), 683–688. https://doi.org/10.1097/00002030-200403050-00013
- Knowlton, A., Arnsten, J., Eldred, L., Wilkinson, J., Gourevitch, M., Shade, S., Dowling, K., & Purcell, D. (2006). Individual, interpersonal, and structural correlates of effective HAART use among urban active injection DU. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 41(4), 486–492. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.qai.0000186392.26334.e3
- Kubany, E., Leisen, M., Kaplan, A., Watson, S., Haynes, S., Owens, J., & Burns, K. (2000). Development and preliminary validation of a brief broad-spectrum measure of trauma exposure: The traumatic life events questionnaire. Psychological Assessment, 12(2), 210–224. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.12.2.210
- Lazo, M., Gange, S. J., Wilson, T. E., Anastos, K., Ostrow, D. G., Witt, M. D., & Jacobson, L. P. (2007). Patterns and predictors of changes in adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy: Longitudinal study of men and women. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 45(10), 1377–1385. https://doi.org/10.1086/522762
- Levine, A. J., Hinkin, C. H., Castellon, S. A., Mason, K. I., Lam, M. N., Perkins, A., Robinet, M., Longshore, D., Newton, T., Myers, H., Durvasula, R. S., & Hardy, D. J. (2005). Variations in patterns of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) adherence. AIDS and Behavior, 9(3), 355–362. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-005-9009-y
- Lima, V. D., Harrigan, R., Murray, M., Moore, D. M., Wood, E., Hogg, R. S., & Montaner, J. S. (2008). Differential impact of adherence on long-term treatment response among naive HIV-infected individuals. Aids (london, England), 22(17), 2371–2380. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0b013e328315cdd3
- Mannheimer, S., Friedland, G., Matts, J., Child, C., & Chesney, M. (2002). The consistency of adherence to antiretroviral therapy predicts biologic outcomes for human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons in clinical trials. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 34(8), 1115–1121. https://doi.org/10.1086/339074
- McNabb, J., Ross, J., Abriola, K., Turley, C., Nightingale, C., & Nicolas, D. (2001). Adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy predicts virologic outcome at an inner-city human immunodeficiency virus clinic. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 33(5), 700–705. https://doi.org/10.1086/322590
- Meintjes, G., Moorhouse, M. A., Carmona, S., Davies, N., Dlamini, S., Van Vuuren, C., Manzini, T., Mathe, M., Moosa, Y., Nash, J., & Nel, J. (2017). Adult antiretroviral therapy guidelines 2017. South African Journal of HIV Medicine, 18(1), 776–800. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhivmed.v18i1.776.
- Meyer-Rath, G., Johnson, L. F., Pillay, Y., Blecher, M., Brennan, A. T., Long, L., Moultrie, H., Sanne, I., Fox, M. P., & Rosen, S. (2017). Changing the South African national antiretroviral therapy guidelines: The role of cost modelling. PLoS One, 12(10), e0186557. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0186557.
- Nakimuli-Mpungu, E., Bass, J. K., Alexandre, P., Mills, E. J., Musisi, S., Ram, M., Katabira, E., & Nachega, J. B. (2012). Depression, alcohol use and adherence to antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review. AIDS and Behavior, 16(8), 2101–2118. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-011-0087-8
- Osler, M., Hilderbrand, K., Goemaere, E., Ford, N., Smith, M., Meintjes, G., Kruger, J., Govender, N. P., & Boulle, A. (2018). The continuing burden of advanced HIV disease over 10 years of increasing antiretroviral therapy coverage in South Africa. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 66(Suppl 2), S118–S125. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cix1140
- Parcesepe, A. M., Mugglin, C., Nalugoda, F., Bernard, C., Yunihastuti, E., Althoff, K., Jaquet, A., Haas, A. D., Duda, S. N., Wester, C. W., & Nash, D. (2018). Screening and management of mental health and substance use disorders in HIV treatment settings in low- and middle-income countries within the global IeDEA consortium. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 21(3), e25101. https://doi.org/10.1002/jia2.25101
- Phillips, T., Brittain, K., Mellins, C. A., Zerbe, A., Remien, R. H., Abrams, E. J., Myer, L., & Wilson, I. B. (2017). Self-reported adherence measures to screen for elevated HIV viral load in pregnant and postpartum women on antiretroviral therapy. AIDS and Behavior, 21(2), 450–461. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-016-1448-0
- Remien, R. (2018, March 6). Addressing mental health: A crucial component to ending the HIV epidemic. Conference on retroviruses and opportunistic infections, Boston, MA.
- Remien, R. H., Mellins, C. A., Robbins, R. N., Kelsey, R., Rowe, J., Warne, P., Chowdhury, J., Lalkhen, N., Hoppe, L., Abrams, E. J., El-Bassel, N., Witte, S., & Stein, D. J. (2013). Masivukeni: Development of a multimedia based antiretroviral therapy adherence intervention for counselors and patients in South Africa. AIDS and Behavior, 17(6), 1979–1991. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-013-0438-8
- Remien, R., Stirrat, M., Dognin, J., Day, E., El-Bassel, N., & Warne, P. (2006). Moving from theory to practice: Developing an effective dyadic intervention to improve antiretroviral adherence for clinic patients. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 43(Suppl 1), S69–S78. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.qai.0000248340.20685.7d
- Remien, R. H., Stirratt, M. J., Dolezal, C., Dognin, J. S., Wagner, G. J., Carballo-Dieguez, A., El-Bassel, N., & Jung, T. M. (2005). Couple-focused support to improve HIV medication adherence: Randomized controlled trial. Aids (london, England), 19(8), 807–814. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.aids.0000168975.44219.45
- Remien, R., Stirratt, M., Nguyen, N., Robbins, R., Pala, A., & Mellins, C. (2019). Mental health and HIV/AIDS: The need for an integrated response. Aids (london, England). Epub Ahead of Print. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0000000000002227
- Republic of South Africa Department of Health. (2013). The South African antiretroviral treatment guidelines. https://sahivsoc.org/Files/2013%20ART%20Guidelines-Short%20Combined%20FINAL%20draft%20guidelines%2014%20March%202013.pdf
- Roohafza, H., Ramezani, M., Sadeghi, M., Shahnam, M., Zolfagari, B., & Sarafzadegan, N. (2011). Development and validation of the stressful life event questionnaire. International Journal of Public Health, 56(4), 441–448. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-011-0232-1
- Russell, J., Krantz, S., & Neville, S. (2005). The patient-provider relationship and adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care, 15(5), 40–47. https://doi.org/10.1177/1055329004269283
- Sabin, L. L., Desilva, M. B., Hamer, D. H., Keyi, X., Yue, Y., Wen, F., Tao, L., Heggenhougen, H. K., Seton, L., Wilson, I. B., & Gill, C. J. (2008). Barriers to adherence to antiretroviral medications among patients living with HIV in southern China: A qualitative study. AIDS Care, 20(10), 1242–1250. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540120801918651
- Sandelowski, M., Voils, C., Chang, Y., & Lee, E. (2009). A systematic review comparing antiretroviral adherence descriptive and intervention studies. AIDS Care, 21(8), 953–966. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540120802626212
- Shubber, Z., Mills, E. J., Nachega, J. B., Vreeman, R., Freitas, M., Bock, P., Nsanzimana, S., Penazzato, M., Appolo, T., Doherty, M., Ford, N., & Weiser, S. D. (2016). Patient-reported barriers to adherence to antiretroviral therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Medicine, 13(11), e1002183. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002183
- Sileo, K. M., Wanyenze, R. K., Kizito, W., Reed, E., Brodine, S. K., Chemusto, H., Musoke, W., Mukasa, B., & Kiene, S. M. (2018). Multi-level determinants of clinic attendance and antiretroviral treatment adherence among fishermen living with HIV/AIDS in Communities on Lake Victoria, Uganda. AIDS and Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-018-2207-1
- Stall, R., Hoff, C., Coates, T. J., Paul, J., Phillips, K. A., Ekstrand, M., Kegeles, S., Catania, J., Daigle, D., & Diaz, R. (1996). Decisions to Get HIV tested and to accept antiretroviral therapies among gay/bisexual men: Implications for secondary prevention efforts. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology, 11(2), 151–160. https://doi.org/10.1097/00042560-199602010-00006
- Stevens, W., & Marshall, T. (2010). Challenges in implementing HIV load testing in South Africa. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 201(Suppl 1), S78–S84. https://doi.org/10.1086/650383
- The TEMPRANO ANRS 12136 Study Group. (2015). A trial of early antiretrovirals and isoniazid preventive therapy in Africa. New England Journal of Medicine, 373(9), 808–822. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1507198
- Trickey, A., May, M. T., Vehreschild, J.-J., Obel, N., Gill, M. J., Crane, H. M., Boesecke, C., Patterson, S., Grabar, S., Cazanave, C., Cavassini, M., Shepherd, L., Monforte, A. d., van Sighem, A., Saag, M., Lampe, F., Hernando, V., Montero, M., Zangerle, R., … Sterne, J. A. C. (2017). Survival of HIV-positive patients starting antiretroviral therapy between 1996 and 2013: A collaborative analysis of cohort studies. The Lancet HIV, 4(8), e349–e356. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3018(17)30066-8
- UNAIDS. (2019). South Africa Country Report. http://www.unaids.org/en/regionscountries/countries/southafrica
- Viswanathan, S., Detels, R., Mehta, S., Macatangay, B., Kirk, G., & Jacobson, L. (2015). Level of adherence and HIV RNA suppression in the current era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). AIDS and Behavior, 19(4), 601–611. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-014-0927-4
- Wagner, G., Remien, R., Dolezal, C., & Carballo-Dieguez, A. (2002). Correlates of adherence to combination antiretroviral therapy among HIV+ members of HIV mixed status couples. AIDS Care, 14(1), 105–109. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540120220097973
- Whetten, K., Reif, S., Swartz, M., Stevens, R., Ostermann, J., Hanisch, L., & Eron, J. (2005). A brief mental health and substance abuse screener for persons with HIV. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 19(2), 89–99. https://doi.org/10.1089/apc.2005.19.89
- Wilson, I., Lee, Y., Michaud, J., Fowler, F. J., & Rogers, W. (2016). Validation of a new three-item self-report measure for medication adherence. AIDS and Behavior, 20(11), 2700–2708. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-016-1406-x
- World Health Organization. (2016). mhGAP Intervention Guide for mental, nerological and substance use disorders in non-specialized settings: Version 2.0.
- Xu, L., Munir, K., Kanabkaew, C., & Le Coeur, S. (2017). Factors influencing antiretroviral treatment suboptimal adherence among perinatally HIV-infected adolescents in Thailand. PLoS One, 12(2), e0172392. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0172392.