Publication Cover
AIDS Care
Psychological and Socio-medical Aspects of AIDS/HIV
Volume 33, 2021 - Issue 5
483
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Perceived discrimination and mental health symptoms among persons living with HIV in China: the mediating role of social isolation and loneliness

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon show all
Pages 575-584 | Received 28 Jun 2020, Accepted 02 Nov 2020, Published online: 25 Nov 2020

References

  • Andersson, G. Z., Reinius, M., Eriksson, L. E., Svedhem, V., Esfahani, F. M., Deuba, K., Rao, D., Lyatuu, G. W., Giovenco, D., & Ekström, A. M. (2020). Stigma reduction interventions in people living with HIV to improve health-related quality of life. The Lancet, 7(2), e129–e140. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3018(19)30343-1
  • Audet, C. M., McGowan, C. C., Wallston, K. A., & Kipp, A. M. (2013). Relationship between HIV stigma and self-isolation among people living with HIV in Tennessee. PloS One, 8(8), e69564. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0069564
  • Breet, E., Kagee, A., & Seedat, S. (2014). HIV-related stigma and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder and depression in HIV-infected individuals: Does social support play a mediating or moderating role? AIDS Care, 26(8), 947–951. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2014.901486
  • Cantwell, J., Muldoon, O., & Gallagher, S. (2015). The influence of self-esteem and social support on the relationship between stigma and depressive symptomology in parents caring for children with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research: JIDR, 59(10), 948–957. https://doi.org/10.1111/jir.12205
  • Christopher Westland, J. (2010). Lower bounds on sample size in structural equation modeling. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 9(6), 476–487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2010.07.003
  • Donovan, N. J., Wu, Q., Rentz, D. M., Sperling, R. A., Marshall, G. A., & Glymour, M. M. (2017). Loneliness, depression and cognitive function in older U. S. adults. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 32(5), 564–573. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.4495
  • Fitzgerald-Husek, A., Van Wert, M. J., Ewing, W. F., Grosso, A. L., Holland, C. E., Katterl, R., Rosman, L., Agarwal, A., & Baral, S. D. (2017). Measuring stigma affecting sex workers (SW) and men who have sex with men (MSM): A systematic review. PLoS One, 12(11), e0188393. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0188393
  • Han, S., Hu, Y., Jia, S., Bao, M., Zhang, L., Zhu, Z., & Zhao, R. (2019). Chinese version of Everyday discrimination Scale and reliability and validity test in HIV infection/AIDS patients. Chinese Nursing Research, 33(7), 1101–1104. https://doi.org/10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2019.07.003
  • Harris, M., Brouillette, M.-J., Scott, S. C., Smaill, F., Smith, G., Thomas, R., Fellows, L. K., & Mayo, N. E. (2020). Impact of loneliness on brain health and quality of life among adults living with HIV in Canada. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes (1999), 84(4), 336–344. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0000000000002355
  • Hart, T. A., Stratton, N., Coleman, T. A., Wilson, H. A., Simpson, S. H., Julien, R. E., Hoe, D., Leahy, B., Maxwell, J., & Adam, B. D. (2016). A pilot trial of a sexual health counseling intervention for HIV-positive gay and bisexual men Who report anal sex without condoms. PLoS One, 11(4), e0152762. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0152762
  • Hatzenbuehler, M. L. (2009). How does sexual minority stigma “get under the skin”? A psychological mediation framework. Psychological Bulletin, 135(5), 707–730. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016441
  • Heckman, T. G., Barcikowski, R., Ogles, B., Suhr, J., Carlson, B., Holroyd, K., & Garske, J. (2006). A telephone-delivered coping improvement group intervention for middle-aged and older adults living with HIV/AIDS. Annals of Behavioral Medicine: A Publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine, 32(1), 27–38. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15324796abm3201_4
  • Holt-Lunstad, J. (2018). Why social relationships are important for physical health: A systems approach to understanding and modifying risk and protection. Annual Review of Psychology, 69, 437–458. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-122216-011902
  • Khan, S., Ion, A., Alyass, A., Greene, S., Kwaramba, G., Smith, S., Carvalhal, A., Kennedy, V. L., Walmsley, S., & Loutfy, M. (2019). Loneliness and perceived social support in pregnancy and early postpartum of mothers living with HIV in Ontario, Canada. AIDS Care, 31(3), 318–325. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2018.1515469
  • Kim, J. H. (2019). Multicollinearity and misleading statistical results. Korean Journal of Anesthesiology, 72(6), 558–569. https://doi.org/10.4097/kja.19087
  • Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B. W., & Löwe, B. (2009). An ultra-brief screening scale for anxiety and depression: The PHQ-4. Psychosomatics, 50(6), 613–621. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.psy.50.6.613
  • Lazarus, J. V., Safreed-Harmon, K., Barton, S. E., Costagliola, D., Dedes, N., Del Amo Valero, J., Gatell, J. M., Baptista-Leite, R., Mendão, L., Porter, K., Vella, S., & Rockstroh, J. K. (2016). Beyond viral suppression of HIV – the new quality of life frontier. BMC Medicine, 14(1), 94. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-016-0640-4
  • Lee, Y., & Bierman, A. (2019). Loneliness as a mediator of perceived discrimination and depression: Examining education contingencies. International Journal of Aging & Human Development, 89(2), 206–227. https://doi.org/10.1177/0091415018763402
  • Lewis, T. T., Yang, F. M., Jacobs, E. A., & Fitchett, G. (2012). Racial/ethnic differences in responses to the everyday discrimination scale: A differential item functioning analysis. American Journal of Epidemiology, 175(5), 391–401. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwr287
  • Liu, H., Zhao, M., Ren, J., Qi, X., Sun, H., Qu, L., Yan, C., Zheng, T., Wu, Q., & Cui, Y. (2018). Identifying factors associated with depression among men living with HIV/AIDS and undergoing antiretroviral therapy: A cross-sectional study in Heilongjiang, China. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 16(1), 190. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-018-1020-x
  • Liu, Z., Shi, O., Yan, Q., Fang, Q., Zuo, J., Chen, Y., Chen, X., & Zhang, T. (2018). Changing epidemiological patterns of HIV and AIDS in China in the post-SARS era identified by the nationwide surveillance system. BMC Infectious Diseases, 18(1), 700. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-018-3551-5
  • Logie, C. H., Lacombe-Duncan, A., Poteat, T., & Wagner, A. C. (2017). Syndemic factors mediate the relationship between sexual stigma and depression among sexual minority women and gender minorities. Women’s Health Issues: Official Publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women’s Health, 27(5), 592–599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2017.05.003
  • Lowther, K., Selman, L., Harding, R., & Higginson, I. J. (2014). Experience of persistent psychological symptoms and perceived stigma among people with HIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART): A systematic review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 51(8), 1171–1189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2014.01.015
  • Lubeck, D. P., & Fries, J. F. (1997). Assessment of quality of life in early stage HIV-infected persons: Data from the AIDS time-oriented health Outcome study (ATHOS). Quality of Life Research: An International Journal of Quality of Life Aspects of Treatment, Care and Rehabilitation, 6(6), 494–506. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1018404014821
  • Marty, P. K., Novotny, P., & Benzo, R. P. (2019). Loneliness and ED visits in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. Innovations, Quality & Outcomes, 3(3), 350–357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2019.05.002
  • Mittal, D., Sullivan, G., Chekuri, L., Allee, E., & Corrigan, P. W. (2012). Empirical studies of self-stigma reduction strategies: A critical review of the literature. Psychiatric Services (Washington, D.C.), 63(10), 974–981. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201100459
  • Nachega, J. B., Morroni, C., Zuniga, J. M., Sherer, R., Beyrer, C., Solomon, S., Schechter, M., & Rockstroh, J. (2012). HIV-related stigma, isolation, discrimination, and serostatus disclosure: A global survey of 2035 HIV-infected adults. Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (Chicago, Ill.: 2002), 11(3), 172–178. https://doi.org/10.1177/1545109712436723
  • Pakenham, K., & Rinaldis, M. (2002). Development of the HIV/AIDS stress scale. Psychology and Health, 17(2), 203–219. https://10.1080/08870440290013680
  • Roberts, R. M. (2014). Discrimination among adults with craniofacial conditions. The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery, 25(1), 77–81. https://doi.org/10.1097/SCS.0b013e3182a2e005
  • Rueda, S., Mitra, S., Chen, S., Gogolishvili, D., Globerman, J., Chambers, L., Wilson, M., Logie, C. H., Shi, Q., Morassaei, S., & Rourke, S. B. (2016). Examining the associations between HIV-related stigma and health outcomes in people living with HIV/AIDS: A series of meta-analyses. BMJ Open, 6(7), e011453. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011453
  • Samhkaniyan, E., Mahdavi, A., Mohamadpour, S., & Rahmani, S. (2015). The effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on quality of life and loneliness of women with HIV. Journal of Medicine and Life, 8(Spec Iss 4), 107–113. PMID: 28316716.
  • Santini, Z. I., Jose, P. E., York Cornwell, E., Koyanagi, A., Nielsen, L., Hinrichsen, C., Meilstrup, C., Madsen, K. R., & Koushede, V. (2020). Social disconnectedness, perceived isolation, and symptoms of depression and anxiety among older Americans (NSHAP): A longitudinal mediation analysis. The Lancet, 5(1), e62–e70. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(19)30230-0
  • Soper, D. S. (2020). A-priori sample size calculator for structural equation models [Software]. https://www.danielsoper.com/statcalc/
  • Sowell, R. L. (2018). Stigma and discrimination: Threats to living positively with human Immunodeficiency Virus. The Nursing Clinics of North America, 53(1), 111–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cnur.2017.10.006
  • Su, X., Zhou, A. N., Li, J., Shi, L.-E., Huan, X., Yan, H., & Wei, C. (2018). Depression, loneliness, and sexual risk-taking among HIV-negative/unknown men who have sex with men in China. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 47(7), 1959–1968. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-017-1061-y
  • Sun, Y.-H., Sun, L., Wu, H.-Y., Zhang, Z.-K., Wang, B., Yu, C., & Cao, H.-Y. (2009). Loneliness, social support and family function of people living with HIV/AIDS in Anhui rural area, China. International Journal of STD & AIDS, 20(4), 255–258. https://doi.org/10.1258/ijsa.2008.008348
  • Tabler, J., Mykyta, L., Schmitz, R. M., Kamimura, A., Martinez, D. A., Martinez, R. D., Flores, P., Gonzalez, K., Marquez, A., Marroquin, G., & Torres, A. (2019). Getting by with a little help from our friends: The role of social support in addressing HIV-related mental health disparities among sexual minorities in the lower Rio Grande valley. Journal of Homosexuality, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2019.1651112
  • Thapa, S., Hannes, K., Cargo, M., Buve, A., Peters, S., Dauphin, S., & Mathei, C. (2018). Stigma reduction in relation to HIV test uptake in low- and middle-income countries: A realist review. BMC Public Health, 18(1), 1277. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-6156-4
  • Tomaka, J., Thompson, S., & Palacios, R. (2006). The relation of social isolation, loneliness, and social support to disease outcomes among the elderly. Journal of Aging and Health, 18(3), 359–384. https://doi.org/10.1177/0898264305280993
  • Turan, B., Rice, W. S., Crockett, K. B., Johnson, M., Neilands, T. B., Ross, S. N., Kempf, M.-C., Konkle-Parker, D., Wingood, G., Tien, P. C., Cohen, M., Wilson, T. E., Logie, C. H., Sosanya, O., Plankey, M., Golub, E., Adimora, A. A., Parish, C., Weiser, S. D., & Turan, J. M. (2019). Longitudinal association between internalized HIV stigma and antiretroviral therapy adherence for women living with HIV: The mediating role of depression. AIDS (London, England), 33(3), 571–576. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0000000000002071
  • Turan, B., Rogers, A. J., Rice, W. S., Atkins, G. C., Cohen, M. H., Wilson, T. E., Adimora, A. A., Merenstein, D., Adedimeji, A., Wentz, E. L., Ofotokun, I., Metsch, L., Tien, P. C., Johnson, M. O., Turan, J. M., & Weiser, S. D. (2017). Association between perceived discrimination in healthcare settings and HIV medication adherence: Mediating psychosocial mechanisms. AIDS and Behavior, 21(12), 3431–3439. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-017-1957-5
  • Wang, W., Wang, Y., Xiao, C., Yao, X., Yang, Y., Yan, H., & Li, S. (2018). Psychological pathway to suicidal ideation among people living with HIV/AIDS in China: A structural equation model. Psychiatry Research, 260, 255–261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.11.077
  • Wu, B. (2020). Social isolation and loneliness among older adults in the context of COVID-19: A global challenge. Global Health Research and Policy, 5, 27. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41256-020-00154-3
  • Xie, T., Yang, J. P., Simoni, J. M., Shiu, C.-S., Chen, W., Zhao, H., & Lu, H. (2017). Unable to be a human being in front of other people: A qualitative study of self-isolation among people living with HIV/AIDS in China. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 24(3–4), 211–222. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10880-017-9513-z
  • Zang, C., Guida, J., Sun, Y., & Liu, H. (2014). Collectivism culture, HIV stigma and social network support in Anhui, China: A path analytic model. Aids Patient Care and Stds, 28(8), 452–458. https://doi.org/10.1089/apc.2014.0015
  • Zhou, Y. R. (2007). “If you get AIDS … You have to endure it alone”: Understanding the social constructions of HIV/AIDS in China. Social Science & Medicine (1982), 65(2), 284–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.03.031
  • Zhu, Z., Hu, Y., Guo, M., & Williams, A. B. (2019). Urban and rural differences: Unmet needs for symptom management in people living with HIV in China. The Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care: JANAC, 30(2), 206–217. https://doi.org/10.1097/JNC.0000000000000025

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.