Deterrents and motivators of HIV testing among young Black men who have sex with men in North Carolina

References

• Adam, B. D., Murray, J., Ross, S., Oliver, J., Lincoln, S. G., & Rynard, V. (2011). Hivstigma.com, an innovative web-supported stigma reduction intervention for gay and bisexual men. Health Education Research, 26(5), 795–807. https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cyq078
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnold, E. A., Rebchook, G. M., & Kegeles, S. M. (2014). ‘Triply cursed’: Racism, homophobia and HIV-related stigma are barriers to regular HIV testing, treatment adherence and disclosure among young Black gay men. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 16(6), 710–722. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2014.905706
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barry, M. C., Threats, M., Blackburn, N. A., LeGrand, S., Dong, W., Pulley, D. V., Sallabank, G., Harper, G. W., Hightow-Weidman, L. B., Bauermeister, J. A., & Muessig, K. E. (2018). “Stay strong! keep ya head up! move on! it gets better!!!!”: Resilience processes in the healthMpowerment online intervention of young black gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men. AIDS Care, 30(sup5), S27–S38. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2018.1510106
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauermeister, J. A., Muessig, K. E., Flores, D. D., LeGrand, S., Choi, S., Dong, W., Harper, G. W., & Hightow-Weidman, L. B. (2018). Stigma diminishes the protective effect of social support on psychological distress among young black men who have sex with men. AIDS Education and Prevention, 30(5), 406–418. https://doi.org/10.1521/aeap.2018.30.5.406
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowleg, L., del Río-González, A. M., Holt, S. L., Pérez, C., Massie, J. S., Mandell, J. E., & Boone, C. A. (2017). Intersectional epistemologies of ignorance: How behavioral and social science research shapes what we know, think we know, and don’t know about US Black men’s sexualities. The Journal of Sex Research, 54(4-5), 577–603. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2017.1295300
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV and African American Gay and Bisexual Men. (2019a). Retrieved July 21, 2020, from https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/group/msm/bmsm.html
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV in the Southern United States. (2019b). Retrieved July 21, 2020, from https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pdf/policies/cdc-hiv-in-the-south-issue-brief.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Charmaz, K. (2006). Constructing grounded theory: A practical guide through qualitative analysis. Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, M. S., Chen, Y. Q., McCauley, M., Gamble, T., Hosseinipour, M. C., Kumarasamy, N., Hakim, J. G., Kumwenda, J., Grinsztejn, B., Pilotto, J. H. S., Godbole, S. V., Chariyalertsak, S., Santos, B. R., Mayer, K. H., Hoffman, I. F., Eshleman, S. H., Piwowar-Manning, E., Cottle, L., Zhang, X. C., … Redd, A. D. (2016). Antiretroviral therapy for the prevention of HIV-1 transmission. New England Journal of Medicine, 375(9), 830–839. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1600693
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coleman, J. D., Lindley, L. L., Annang, L., Saunders, R. P., & Gaddist, B. (2012). Development of a framework for HIV/AIDS prevention programs in African American churches. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 26(2), 116–124. https://doi.org/10.1089/apc.2011.0163
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frye, V., Wilton, L., Hirshfield, S., Chiasson, M. A., Lucy, D., Usher, D., McCrossin, J., Greene, E., Koblin, B., Lui, C.-W., & All About Me Study Team. (2018). Preferences for HIV test characteristics among young, Black men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women: Implications for consistent HIV testing. PloS one, 13(2), e0192936. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192936
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green, L. W., Richard, L., & Potvin, L. (1996). Ecological foundations of health promotion. American Journal of Health Promotion, 10(4), 270–281. https://doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-10.4.270
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hess, K. L., Hu, X., Lansky, A., Mermin, J., & Hall, H. I. (2017). Lifetime risk of a diagnosis of HIV infection in the United States. Annals of Epidemiology, 27(4), 238–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2017.02.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hightow-Weidman, L., Muessig, K., Claude, K., Roberts, J., Zlotorzynska, M., & Sanchez, T. (2020). Maximizing digital interventions for youth in the midst of COVID-19: Lessons from the Adolescent Trials Network for HIV interventions. AIDS and Behavior, 1. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-020-02870-w
   Google Scholar
• Khosropour, C. M., Backus, K. V., Means, A. R., Beauchamps, L., Johnson, K., Golden, M. R., & Mena, L. (2020). A pharmacist-led, same-day, HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis initiation program to increase PrEP uptake and decrease time to PrEP initiation. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 34(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1089/apc.2019.0235
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levy, M. E., Wilton, L., Phillips, G., Glick, S. N., Kuo, I., Brewer, R. A., Elliott, A., Watson, C., & Magnus, M. (2014). Understanding structural barriers to accessing HIV testing and prevention services among black men who have sex with men (BMSM) in the United States. AIDS and Behavior, 18(5), 972–996. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-014-0719-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lockard, A., Rosenberg, E. S., Sullivan, P. S., Kelley, C. F., Serota, D. P., Rolle, C. P. M., Luisi, N., Pingel, E., Siegler, A. J., & Siegler, A. J. (2019). Contrasting self-perceived need and guideline-based indication for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis among young, black men who have sex with men offered pre-exposure prophylaxis in Atlanta, Georgia. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 33(3), 112–119. https://doi.org/10.1089/apc.2018.0135
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mannheimer, S. B., Wang, L., Wilton, L., Van Tieu, H., Del Rio, C., Buchbinder, S., Fields, S., Glick, S., Connor, M. B., Cummings, V., Eshleman, S. H., Koblin, B., & Mayer, K. H. (2014). Infrequent HIV testing and late HIV diagnosis are common among a cohort of black men who have sex with men in 6 US cities. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes (1999), 67(4), 438–445. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0000000000000334
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marano, M., Stein, R., Song, W., Patel, D., Taylor-Aidoo, N., Xu, S., & Scales, L. (2018). HIV testing, linkage to HIV medical care, and interviews for partner services among Black men who have sex with men—non–health care facilities, 20 Southern US Jurisdictions, 2016. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 67(28), 778–781. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6728a3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mimiaga, M. J., Reisner, S. L., Bland, S., Skeer, M., Cranston, K., Isenberg, D., Vega, B. A., & Mayer, K. H. (2009). Health system and personal barriers resulting in decreased utilization of HIV and STD testing services among at-risk black men who have sex with men in Massachusetts. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 23(10), 825–835. https://doi.org/10.1089/apc.2009.0086
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nanín, J., Osubu, T., Walker, J. N., Powell, B., Powell, D., & Parsons, J. (2009). “HIV is still real”: Perceptions of HIV testing and HIV prevention among black men who have sex with men in New York City. American Journal of Men’s Health, 3(2), 150–164. https://doi.org/10.1177/1557988308315154
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National HIV/AIDS Strategy for the United States: Updated to 2020. Retrieved July 21, 2020, from https://www.hiv.gov/sites/default/files/nhas-2020-action-plan.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Nelson, L. E., McMahon, J. M., Leblanc, N. M., Braksmajer, A., Crean, H. F., Smith, K., & Xue, Y. (2019). Advancing the case for nurse practitioner-based models to accelerate scale-up of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 28(1-2), 351–361. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.14675
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson, L. E., Wilton, L., Zhang, N., Regan, R., Thach, C. T., Dyer, T. V., Kushwaha, S., Sanders, R. E. C., Ndoye, O., Mayer, K. H., & HPTN 061 Study Team. (2017). Childhood exposure to religions with high prevalence of members who discourage homosexuality is associated with adult HIV risk behaviors and HIV infection in Black men who have sex with men. American Journal of Men’s Health, 11(5), 1309–1321. https://doi.org/10.1177/1557988315626264
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• North Carolina HIV/STD/Hepatitis Surveillance Unit. 2018 North Carolina HIV Surveillance Report. (2019). Retrieved July 21, 2020, from https://epi.dph.ncdhhs.gov/cd/stds/figures/hiv18rpt_02042020.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Oster, A. M., Wiegand, R. E., Sionean, C., Miles, I. J., Thomas, P. E., Melendez-Morales, L., Le, B. C., & Millett, G. A. (2011). Understanding disparities in HIV infection between black and white MSM in the United States. Aids (london, England), 25(8), 1103–1112. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283471efa
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poundstone, K. E., Strathdee, S. A., & Celentano, D. D. (2004). The social epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Epidemiologic Reviews, 26(1), 22–35. https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxh005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ransome, Y., Bogart, L. M., Nunn, A. S., Mayer, K. H., Sadler, K. R., & Ojikutu, B. O. (2018). Faith leaders’ messaging is essential to enhance HIV prevention among black Americans: Results from the 2016 National Survey on HIV in the black community (NSHBC). BMC Public Health, 18(1), 1392. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-6301-0
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rubin, H. J., & Rubin, I. S. (2011). Qualitative interviewing: The art of hearing data. Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Scott, H. M., Pollack, L., Rebchook, G. M., Huebner, D. M., Peterson, J., & Kegeles, S. M. (2014). Peer social support is associated with recent HIV testing among young black men who have sex with men. AIDS and Behavior, 18(5), 913–920. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-013-0608-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart, J. M. (2015). A multi-level approach for promoting HIV testing within African American church settings. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 29(2), 69–76. https://doi.org/10.1089/apc.2014.0160
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• St. Lawrence, J. S., Kelly, J. A., Dickson-Gomez, J., Owczarzak, J., Amirkhanian, Y. A., & Sitzler, C. (2015). Attitudes toward HIV voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) among African American men who have sex with men: Concerns underlying reluctance to test. AIDS Education and Prevention, 27(3), 195–211. https://doi.org/10.1521/aeap.2015.27.3.195
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sullivan, P. S., Mena, L., Elopre, L., & Siegler, A. J. (2019). Implementation strategies to increase PrEP uptake in the South. Current HIV/AIDS Reports, 16(4), 259–269. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11904-019-00447-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, T. N., DeHovitz, J., & Hirshfield, S. (2019). Intersectional stigma and multi-level barriers to HIV testing among Foreign-Born Black men from the Caribbean. Frontiers in Public Health, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffpubh.2019.00373
   Google Scholar
• Threats & Bond. (2020). HIV information acquisition and use among young black men who have sex with men who use the internet: A mixed methods study. [Manuscript submitted for publication]. https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/22986
   Google Scholar
• Vigliotti, V., Taggart, T., Walker, M., Kusmastuti, S., & Ransome, Y. (2020). Religion, faith, and spirituality influences on HIV prevention activities: A scoping review. PloS one, 15(6), e0234720. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0234720
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Washington, T. A., D’Anna, L., Meyer-Adams, N., & Malotte, C. K. (2015, December). From their voices: Barriers to HIV testing among black men who have sex with men remain. In Healthcare (Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 933–947). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare3040933
   Google Scholar
• White House. (2015). National HIV/AIDS Strategy: Updated to 2020. Retrieved 11/24/2020, from: https://www.hiv.gov/federal-response/national-hiv-aids-strategy/nhas-update
   Google Scholar