Association between frailty phenotype, quantification of plasma HIV-1 RNA, CD4 cell count and HAART in HIV-positive subjects: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

References

• Akgün, K., Tate, J., Crothers, K., Crystal, S., Leaf, D., Womack, J., Brown, T., Justice, A., & Oursler, K. (2014). An adapted frailty-related phenotype and the VACS index as predictors of hospitalization and mortality in HIV-infected and uninfected individuals. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 67(4), 397–404. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0000000000000341
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allavena, C., Hanf, M., Rey, D., Duvivier, C., Banisadr, F., Poizot-Martin, I., Jacomet, C., Pugliese, P., Merrien, D., May, T., & Reynes, J. (2018). Antiretroviral exposure and comorbidities in an aging HIV-infected population: The challenge of geriatric patients. PLoS ONE, 13(9), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0203895
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Althoff, K. N., Jacobson, L. P., Cranston, R. D., Detels, R., Phair, J. P., & Li, X. (2014). Age, comorbidities, and AIDS predict a frailty phenotype in men who have sex with men. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A, 69A(2), 189–198. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glt148
   Google Scholar
• Anuurad, E., Ph, D., Semrad, A., Berglund, L., & Ph, D. (2009). Human immunodeficiency virus and highly active antiretroviral therapy–associated metabolic disorders and risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders, 7(5), 401–409. https://doi.org/10.1089/met.2008.0096
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Battalora, L. A., Young, B., & Overton, E. T. (2014). Bones, fractures, antiretroviral therapy and HIV. Current Infectious Disease Reports, 16(2), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11908-014-0393-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baynes, H. W., Tegene, B., Gebremichael, M., Birhane, G., Kedir, W., & Biadgo, B. (2017).Assessment of the effect of antiretroviral therapy on renal and liver functions among HIV-infected patients: a retrospective study. HIV/AIDS: Research and Palliative Care, 9, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.2147/HIV.S120979
   Google Scholar
• Beaupere, C., Garcia, M., Larghero, J., & Lagathu, C. (2015). The HIV proteins Tat and Nef promote human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell senescence and alter osteoblastic differentiation. Aging Cell, 14(4), 534–546. https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.12308
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blanco, J.-R., Barrio, I., Ramalle-Gómara, E., Beltran, I. M., Ibarra, V., Metola, L., Sanz, M., Oteo, J. A., Melús, E., & Antón, L. (2019). Gender differences for frailty in HIV-infected patients on stable antiretroviral therapy and with an undetectable viral load. PLoS ONE, 14(5), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0215764
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carroll, A., & Brew, B. (2017). HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders: Recent advances in pathogenesis, biomarkers, and treatment. F1000 Research, 6, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.10651.1
   Google Scholar
• Carvalho, A. C. A., Mendes, M. L. T., Santos, V. S., Tanajura, D. M., Nunes, M. A. P., & Martins-Filho, P. R. S. (2018). Association between human herpes virus seropositivity and frailty in the elderly: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Research Reviews, 48, 145–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2018.10.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clifford, D. B., & Ances, B. M. (2013). HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 13(11), 976–986. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70269-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cochran, W. G. (1954). The combination of estimates from different experiments. Biometrics, 10(1), 101–129. https://doi.org/10.2307/3001666
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, J., & Torres, C. (2017). HIV-associated cellular senescence: A contributor to accelerated aging. Ageing Research Reviews, 36, 117–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2016.12.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collin, F., Duval, X., Moing, V. L., Piroth, L., Kaied, F. A., Massip, P., Villes, V., Chêne, G., & Raffi, F. (2009). Ten-year incidence and risk factors of bone fractures in a cohort of treated HIV1-infected adults. AIDS, 23(8), 1021–1024. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283292195
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deeks, S. G. (2011). HIV infection, inflammation, immunosenescence, and aging. Annual Review of Medicine, 62(1), 141–155. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-042909-093756
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Desquilbet, L., Jacobson, L. P., Fried, L. P., Phair, J. P., Jamieson, B. D., Holloway, M., & Margolick, J. B. (2011). A frailty-related phenotype before HAART initiation as an independent risk factor for AIDS or death after HAART among HIV-infected men. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 66A(9), 1030–1038. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glr097
   Google Scholar
• Ding, Y., Lin, H., Liu, X., Wong, F. Y., Sun, Y. V., Marconi, V. C., & He, N. (2017). Higher prevalence of frailty among a sample of HIV-infected middle-aged and older Chinese adults is associated with neurocognitive impairment and depressive symptoms. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 215(5), 687–692. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jix032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eirin, A., Lerman, A., & Lerman, L. O. (2014). Mitochondrial injury and dysfunction in hypertension-induced cardiac damage. European Heart Journal, 35(46), 3258–3266. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehu436
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engel, T., Raffenberg, M., Marzolini, C., Cavassini, M., Kovari, H., Hasse, B., & Tarr, P. E. (2018). HIV and aging – perhaps not as dramatic as we feared? Gerontology, 64(5), 446–456. https://doi.org/10.1159/000489172
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erlandson, K. M., Perez, J., Abdo, M., Robertson, K., Ellis, R. J., Koletar, S. L., Kalayjian, R., Taiwo, B., Palella, F. J., Jr., & Tassiopoulos, K. (2019). Frailty, neurocognitive impairment, or both in predicting poor Health outcomes Among adults living With human immunodeficiency virus. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 68(1), 131–138. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciy430
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erlandson, K.M., Wu, K., Koletar, S.L., Kalayjian, R.C., Ellis, R.J., Taiwo, B., , Palella, F. J., Jr., & Tassiopoulos, K. (2017). Association between frailty and components of the frailty phenotype with modifiable risk factors and antiretroviral therapy. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 215(6), 933–937. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jix063
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franzese, O., Luisa, M., Enzo, B., & Grazia, B. (2018). Beneficial and detrimental effects of antiretroviral therapy on HIV-associated immunosenescence. Chemotherapy, 63(2), 64–75. https://doi.org/10.1159/000487534
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fried, L. P., Tangen, C. M., Walston, J., Newman, A. B., Hirsch, C., Gottdiener, J., Seeman, T., Tracy, R., Kop, W. J., Burke, G., McBurnie, M. A., & Cardiovascular Health study collaborative research group. (2001). Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype. The journals of Gerontology – Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences, 56(3), M146–56. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/56.3.m146
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fülöp, T., Larbi, A., & Pawelec, G. (2013). Human T cell aging and the impact of persistent viral infections. Frontiers in Immunology, 4, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2013.00271
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gianesin, K., Noguera-julian, A., Zanchetta, M., Del, P., Raffaella, M., Freguja, R., Camo, M., Mozzo, E., Rampon, O., Giaquinto, C., & Rossi, A. D. (2016). Premature aging and immune senescence in HIV-infected children. AIDS, 30(9), 1363–1373. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0000000000001093
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Health, U. S. D. (2000). Guidelines for the Use of antiretroviral agents in HIV-infected adults and adolescents, January 28, 2000, HIV Clinical Trials 1, 60. HIV Clinical Trials, 4336. https://doi.org/10.1310/4R1B-8F60-B57H-0ECN
   Google Scholar
• Hemkens, L. G., & Bucher, H. C. (2014). HIV infection and cardiovascular disease. European Heart Journal, 35, 1373–1381. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/eht528
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hernandez-vallejo, S. J., Beaupere, C., Larghero, J., Capeau, J., & Lagathu, C. (2013). HIV protease inhibitors induce senescence and alter osteoblastic potential of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells: Beneficial effect of pravastatin. Aging Cell, 12(6), 955–965. https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.12119
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higgins, J. P. T., & Thompson, S. G. (2002). Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis. Statistics in Medicine, 21(11), 1539–1558. https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.1186
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horvath, S., & Levine, A. J. (2015). HIV-1 infection accelerates age according to the epigenetic clock. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 212(10), 1563–1573. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiv277
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ianas, V., Berg, E., Mohler, M. J., Wendel, C., & Klotz, S. A. (2012). Antiretroviral therapy protects against frailty in HIV-1 infection. Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC), 12(1), 62–66. https://doi.org/10.1177/1545109712457241
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ilha, T. A. S. H., Comim, F. V., Copes, R. M., Compston, J. E., & Premaor, M. O. (2018). HIV and vertebral fractures: A systematic review and metanalysis. Scientific Reports, 8, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-26312-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Izzedine, H., Harris, M., & Perazella, M. A. (2009). The nephrotoxic effects of HAART. Nature Reviews Nephrology, 5(10), 563–573. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrneph.2009.142
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiménez, Z., Sánchez-Conde, M., & Brañas, F. (2018). La infección por VIH como causa de envejecimiento acelerado y fragilidad. Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología, 53(2), 105–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regg.2017.04.007
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kalyesubula, R., & Perazella, M. A. (2011). Nephrotoxicity of HAART. AIDS Research and Treatment, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/562790.
   Google Scholar
• Kopstein, M., & Mohlman, D. J. (2019). HIV-1 encephalopathy and aids dementia complex. Europe PMC.
   Google Scholar
• Korada, S. K. C., Zhao, D., Tibuakuu, M., Todd, T. B., Jacobson, L. P., Guallar, E., Bolan, R. K., Palella, F. J., Margolick, J. B., Martinson, J. J., Budoff, M. J., Post, W. S., & Michos, E. D. (2017). Frailty and subclinical coronary atherosclerosis: The multicenter AIDS cohort study (MACS). Atherosclerosis, 266, 240–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.08.026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leeansyah, E., Cameron, P. U., Solomon, A., Tennakoon, S., Velayudham, P., Gouillou, M., Spelman, T., Hearps, A., Fairley, C., Smit, D. V., Pierce, A. B., Armishaw, J., Crowe, S. M., Cooper, D. A., Koelsch, K. K., Liu, J., Chuah, J., & Lewin, S. R. (2013). Inhibition of telomerase activity by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors: A potential factor contributing to HIV-associated accelerated aging. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 207(7), 1157–1165. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jit006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lepri, A. C., Katzenstein, T. L., Ullum, H., Phillips, A. N., Skinhøj, P., Gerstoft, J., & Pedersen, B. K. (1998). The relative prognostic value of plasma HIV RNA levels and CD4 lymphocyte counts in advanced HIV infection. AIDS, 12(13), 1639–1643. https://doi.org/10.1097/00002030-199813000-00011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levett, T. J., Cresswell, F. V., Malik, M. A., Fisher, M., & Wright, J. (2016). Systematic review of prevalence and predictors of frailty in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 64(5), 1006–1014. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.14101
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyles, R. H., Muños, A., Yamashita, T. E., Bazmi, H., Detels, R., Rinaldo, C. R., Margolick, J. B., Phair, J. P., & Mellors, J. W. (2000). Natural history of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 viremia after seroconversion and proximal to AIDS in a large cohort of homosexual men. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 181(3), 872–880. https://doi.org/10.1086/315339
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manda, K. R., Banerjee, A., Banks, W. A., & Ercal, N. (2011). Highly active antiretroviral therapy drug combination induces oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in immortalized human blood-brain barrier endothelial cells. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 50(7), 801–810. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.12.029
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Margolick, J. B., Bream, J. H., Nilles, T. L., Li, H., Langan, S. J., Deng, S., Wang, R., Wada, N., & Leng, S. X. (2018). Relationship between T-cell responses to CMV, markers of inflammation, and frailty in HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected Men in the multicenter AIDS cohort study. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 218(2), 249–258. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiy005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Margolis, A. M., Heverling, H., Pham, P. A., & Stolbach, A. (2014). A review of the toxicity of HIV medications. Journal of Medical Toxicology, 10(1), 26–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13181-013-0325-8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Meir-shafrir, K., & Pollack, S. (2012). Accelerated aging in HIV patients. Rambam Maimonides Medical Journal, 3(4), e0025–8. https://doi.org/10.5041/RMMJ.10089
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Montaño-Castellón, I., Zeballos, D., Gutiérrez-Peredo, G., Netto, E., & Brites, C. (2021). High prevalence of frailty and prefrailty status in Brazilian patients living with HIV/AIDS. Research and Human Retroviruses, 37(5), 335–342. https://doi.org/10.1089/AID.2020.0113
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morley, J. E., Vellas, B., Kan, G. A. V., Anker, S. D., Bauer, J. M., Bernabei, R., Cesari, M., Chumlea, W. C., Doehner, W., Evans, J., Fried, L. P., Guralnik, J. M., Katz, P. R., Malmstrom, T. K., McCarter, R. J., Robledo, L. M. G., Rockwood, K., Haehling, S. V., Vandewoude, M. F., & Walston, J. (2013). Frailty consensus: A call to action. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 14(6), 392–397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2013.03.022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ng, T. P., Camous, X., Shwe, M., Nyunt, Z., Vasudev, A., Tze, C., Tan, Y., Feng, L., Fulop, T., Yap, K. B., & Larbi, A. (2015). Markers of T-cell senescence and physical frailty: Insights from Singapore longitudinal ageing studies. Aging and Mechanisms of Disease, 1. https://doi.org/10.1038/npjamd.2015.5
   Google Scholar
• Nsagha, D. S., Pokam, B. T., Clement, J., Assob, N., Njunda, A. L., Kibu, O. D., Tanue, E. A., Ayima, C. W., & Weledji, P. E. (2015). HAART, DOTS and renal disease of patients co-infected with HIV/AIDS and TB in the south west region of cameroon. BMC Public Health, 15(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-15-1
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ofotokun, I., & Weitzmann, M. N. (2010). HIV-1 infection and antiretroviral therapies: Risk factors for osteoporosis and bone fracture. Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity, 17(6), 523–529. https://doi.org/10.1097/MED.0b013e32833f48d6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Onen, N. F., Agbebi, A., Shacham, E., Stamm, K. E., Overton, E. T., & Alev, R. O. (2009). Frailty among HIV-infected persons in an urban outpatient care setting. Journal of Infection, 59(5), 346–352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2009.08.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Önen, N. F., & Overton, E. T. (2011). A review of premature frailty in HIV-infected persons; another manifestation of HIV-related accelerated aging. Current Aging Science, 4(1), 33–41. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874609811104010033
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Paul, R. H., Cho, K. S., Luckett, P., Strain, J. F., Belden, A. C., Bolzenius, J. D., Navid, J., Garcia-Egan, P. M., Cooley, S. A., Wisch, J. K., Boerwinkle, A. H., Tomov, D., Obosi, A., Mannarino, J. A., & Ances, B. M. (2020). Machine learning analysis reveals novel neuroimaging and clinical signatures of frailty in HIV. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 84(4), 414–421. doi:10.1097/QAI.0000000000002360
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips, A. N., & Lundgren, J. D. (2006). The CD4 lymphocyte count and risk of clinical progression. Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS, 1(1), 43–49. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.COH.0000194106.12816.b1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piggott, D. A., Erlandson, K. M., & Yarasheski, K. E. (2016). Frailty in HIV: Epidemiology, biology, measurement, interventions, and research needs. Current HIV/AIDS Reports, 13(6), 340–348. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11904-016-0334-8
   Google Scholar
• Pirrone, V., Libon, D. J., Sell, C., Lerner, C. A., Nonnemacher, M. R., & Wigdahl, B. (2013). Impact of age on markers of HIV-1 disease. Future Virology, 8(1), 81–101. https://doi.org/10.2217/fvl.12.127
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rees, H. C., Meister, E., Mohler, M. J., & Klotz, S. A. (2014). HIV-related frailty is not characterized by sarcopenia. Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC), 15(2), 131–134. https://doi.org/10.1177/2325957414553848
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Saylor, D., Dickens, A. M., Sacktor, N., Haughey, N., Slusher, B., Pletnikov, M., Mankowski, J. L., Brown, A., Volsky, D. J., Justin, C., & St, W. (2016). HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder — pathogenesis and prospects for treatment. Nature Reviews Neurology, 12(4), 234–248. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrneurol.2016.27
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Semba, R. D., Margolick, J. B., Leng, S., Walston, J., Ricks, M. O., & Fried, L. P. (2005). T cell subsets and mortality in older community-dwelling women. Experimental Gerontology, 40(1), 81–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2004.09.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, R. L., de Boer, R., Brul, S., Budovskaya, Y., & Van Der Spek, H. (2013). Premature and accelerated aging: HIV or HAART? Frontiers in Genetics, 3, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2012.00328
   Google Scholar
• Stroup, D. F., Berlin, J. A., Morton, S. C., Olkin, I., Williamson, G. D., Rennie, D., Moher, D., Becker, B. J., Sipe, T. A., & Thacker, S. B. (2000). Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting. Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) group. JAMA, 283(15), 2008–2012. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.283.15.2008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teeraananchai, S., Kerr, S. J., Amin, J., Ruxrungtham, K., & Law, M. G. (2017). Life expectancy of HIV-positive people after starting combination antiretroviral therapy: A meta-analysis. HIV Medicine, 18(4), 256–266. https://doi.org/10.1111/hiv.12421
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terzian, A. S., Holman, S., Nathwani, N., Robison, E., Weber, K., Young, M., Greenblatt, R. M., & Gange, S. J. (2009). Factors associated with preclinical disability and frailty among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women in the Era of cART. Journal of Women's Health, 18(2), 1965–1974. https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2008.1090
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Trickey, A., May, M. T., Vehreschild, J. J., Obel, N., Gill, M. J., Crane, H. M., Boeseck, C., Patterson, S., Grabar, S., Cazanave, C., Cavassini, M., Shepherd, L., Monforte, A. D., Sighem, A. V., Saag, M., Lampe, F., Hernando, V., Montero, M., Zangerle, R., … Sterne, J. A. C. (2017). Survival of HIV-positive patients starting antiretroviral therapy between 1996 and 2013: A collaborative analysis of cohort studies. The Lancet HIV, 4(8), e349–e356. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3018(17)30066-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UNAIDS (2019). Global AIDS monitoring. https://www.unaids.org/en/global-aids-monitoring
   Google Scholar
• Van Epps, P., & Kalayjian, R.C. (2017). Human immunodeficiency virus and aging in the era of effective antiretroviral therapy. Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, 31(4), 791–810. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idc.2017.07.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vlot, M. C., Grijsen, M. L., Prins, J. M., de Jongh, R. T., den Heijer, M., & Heijboer, A. C. (2018). Effect of antiretroviral therapy on bone turnover and bone mineral density in men with primary HIV-1 infection. PLoS ONE, 13(3), e0193679–11. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193679
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, H., Nkeze, J., & Zhao, R. Y. (2012). Effects of HIV-1 protease on cellular functions and their potential applications in antiretroviral therapy. Cell and bioscience, 2(32), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/2045-3701-2-32
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yeoh, H. L., Cheng, A., Palmer, C., Crowe, S. M., & Hoy, J. F. (2017). Frailty in men living with HIV: A cross-sectional comparison of three frailty instruments. Antiviral Therapy, 23(2), 117–127. https://doi.org/10.3851/IMP3185
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan, S., Shi, Y., Guo, K., & Tang, S. J. (2018). Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) induce pathological pain through Wnt5a-mediated neuroinflammation in aging mice. Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, 13(2), 230–236. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11481-018-9777-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhong, D., Lu, X., Conklin, B. S., Lin, P. H., Lumsden, A. B., Yao, Q., & Chen, C. (2002). HIV protease inhibitor ritonavir induces cytotoxicity of human endothelial cells. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 22(10), 1560–1566. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.0000034707.40046.02
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar