The effect of antiretroviral therapy with high central nervous system penetration on HIV-related cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis

References

• Antinori, A., Arendt, G., Becker, J. T., Brew, B. J., Byrd, D. A., Cherner, M., Clifford, D. B., Cinque, P., Epstein, L. G., Goodkin, K., Gisslen, M., Grant, I., Heaton, R. K., Joseph, J., Marder, K., Marra, C. M., McArthur, J. C., Nunn, M., Price, R. W., … Wojna, V. E. (2007). Updated research nosology for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Neurology, 69(18), 1789–1799. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.WNL.0000287431.88658.8b
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caniglia, E. C., Cain, L. E., Justice, A., Tate, J., Logan, R., Sabin, C., Winston, A., van Sighem, A., Miro, J. M., Podzamczer, D., Olson, A., Arribas, J. R., Moreno, S., Meyer, L., del Romero, J., Dabis, F., Bucher, H. C., Wandeler, G., Vourli, G., … HIV-CAUSAL Collaboration et al; HIV-CAUSAL Collaboration (2014). Antiretroviral penetration into the CNS and incidence of AIDS-defining neurologic conditions. Neurology, 83(2), 134–141. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000000564
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Estimated HIV incidence and prevalence in the United States, 2015–2019. HIV Surveillance Supplemental Report. 26(No. 1). http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/library/reports/hiv-surveillance.html. Published May 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Clifford, D. B., & Ances, B. M. (2013). HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 13(11), 976–986. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70269-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cross, H. M., Combrinck, M. I., & Joska, J. A. (2013). HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders: Antiretroviral regimen, central nervous system penetration effectiveness, and cognitive outcomes. South African Medical Journal, 103(10), 758–762. https://doi.org/10.7196/samj.6677
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cysique, L. A., Vaida, F., Letendre, S., Gibson, S., Cherner, M., Woods, S. P., McCutchan, J. A., Heaton, R. K., & Ellis, R. J. (2009). Dynamics of cognitive change in impaired HIV-positive patients initiating antiretroviral therapy. Neurology, 73(5), 342–348. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181ab2b3b
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deeks, S. G., Lewin, S. R., & Havlir, D. V. (2013). The end of AIDS: HIV infection as a chronic disease. The Lancet, 382(9903), 1525–1533. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61809-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellis, R. J., Letendre, S., Vaida, F., Haubrich, R., Heaton, R. K., Sacktor, N., Clifford, D. B., Best, B. M., May, S., Umlauf, A., Cherner, M., Sanders, C., Ballard, C., Simpson, D. M., Jay, C., & McCutchan, J. A. (2014). Randomized trial of central nervous system-targeted antiretrovirals for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 58(7), 1015–1022. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cit921
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heaton, R. K., Clifford, D. B., Franklin, D. R., Woods, S. P., Ake, C., Vaida, F., Ellis, R. J., Letendre, S. L., Marcotte, T. D., Atkinson, J. H., Rivera-Mindt, M., Vigil, O. R., Taylor, M. J., Collier, A. C., Marra, C. M., Gelman, B. B., McArthur, J. C., Morgello, S., Simpson, D. M., … Group, C. H. A. R. T. E. R. (2010). HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders persist in the era of potent antiretroviral therapy: CHARTER study. Neurology, 75(23), 2087–2096. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e318200d727
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heaton, R. K., Franklin, D. R., Ellis, R. J., McCutchan, J. A., Letendre, S. L., Leblanc, S., Corkran, S. H., Duarte, N. A., Clifford, D. B., Woods, S. P., Collier, A. C., Marra, C. M., Morgello, S., Mindt, M. R., Taylor, M. J., Marcotte, T. D., Atkinson, J. H., Wolfson, T., Gelman, B. B., … CHARTER Group; HNRC Group. (2011). HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders before and during the era of combination antiretroviral therapy: Differences in rates, nature, and predictors. Journal of Neurovirology, 17(1), 3–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13365-010-0006-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higgins, J. P., Altman, D. G., Gøtzsche, P. C., Jüni, P., Moher, D., Oxman, A. D., Savovic, J., Schulz, K. F., Weeks, L., Sterne, J. A., & Cochrane Bias Methods Group; Cochrane Statistical Methods Group (2011). The Cochrane collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ, 343(oct18 2), d5928. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d5928
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Letendre, S., Marquie-Beck, J., Capparelli, E., Best, B., Clifford, D., Collier, A. C., Gelman, B. B., McArthur, J. C., McCutchan, J. A., Morgello, S., Simpson, D., Grant, I., Ellis, R. J., & CHARTER Group (2008). Validation of the CNS penetration-effectiveness rank for quantifying antiretroviral penetration into the central nervous system. Archives of Neurology, 65(1), 65–70. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneurol.2007.31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Letendre, S. L., FitzSimons, C., Ellis, R. J., Clifford, D., Collier, A. C., Gelman, B., Marra, C., McArthur, J., McCutchan, J. A., Morgello, S., Simpson, D., Vaida, F., & Heaton, R. (2010). Correlates of CSF Viral Loads in 1,221 volunteers of the CHARTER cohort. Charter. In: Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. https://charternntc.org/content/correlates-csf-viral-loads-1221-volunteers-charter-cohort
   Google Scholar
• Marra, C. M., Zhao, Y., Clifford, D. B., Letendre, S., Evans, S., Henry, K., Ellis, R. J., Rodriguez, B., Coombs, R. W., Schifitto, G., McArthur, J. C., Robertson, K., & AIDS Clinical Trials Group 736 Study Team (2009). Impact of combination antiretroviral therapy on cerebrospinal fluid HIV RNA and neurocognitive performance. Aids (London, England), 23(11), 1359–1366. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0b013e32832c4152
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & PRISMA Group (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. BMJ, 339(jul21 1), b2535. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b2535
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pérez-Valero, I., González-Baeza, A., Estébanez, M., Monge, S., Montes-Ramírez, M. L., Bayón, C., Pulido, F., Bernardino, J. I., Zamora, F. X., González-García, J. J., Lagarde, M., Hernando, A., Arnalich, F., & Arribas, J. R. (2014). A prospective cohort study of neurocognitive function in aviremic HIV-infected patients treated with 1 or 3 antiretrovirals. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 59(11), 1627–1634. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciu640
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robertson, K., Lama, J. R., Pilcher, C. D., Rios, J., Brandes, P., Ruiz, E., Appelmans, E., Spudich, S., & Duerr, A. (2017). Can we afford to wait? ART and the CNS. In: Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. http://www.croiconference.org/sessions/can-we-afford-wait-art-and-cns
   Google Scholar
• Rumbaugh, J. A., & Tyor, W. (2015). HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders: Five new things. Neurology: Clinical Practice, 5(3), 224–231. https://doi.org/10.1212/CPJ.0000000000000117
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schwarzer, G. (2007). Meta: An R package for meta-analysis. R News, 7(3), 40–45.
   Google Scholar
• Smurzynski, M., Wu, K., Letendre, S., Robertson, K., Bosch, R. J., Clifford, D. B., Evans, S., Collier, A. C., Taylor, M., & Ellis, R. (2011). Effects of central nervous system antiretroviral penetration on cognitive functioning in the ALLRT cohort. Aids (London, England), 25(3), 357–365. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0b013e32834171f8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tozzi, V., Balestra, P., Salvatori, M. F., Vlassi, C., Liuzzi, G., Giancola, M. L., Giulianelli, M., Narciso, P., & Antinori, A. (2009). Changes in cognition during antiretroviral therapy: Comparison of 2 different ranking systems to measure antiretroviral drug efficacy on HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 52(1), 56–63. https://doi.org/10.1097/qai.0b013e3181af83d6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UNAIDS. (2020). Global AIDS update: Seizing the moment; July 2020. UNAIDS. AIDSinfo website; accessed July 2020, http://aidsinfo.unaids.org/. UNAIDS. Core Epidemiology Slides; July 2020. UNAIDS. Global HIV & AIDS statistics – 2020 fact sheet; July 2020; UNAIDS. UNAIDS data 2020, July 2020
   Google Scholar
• Valcour, V. G., Spudich, S. S., Sailasuta, N., Phanuphak, N., Lerdlum, S., Fletcher, J. L., Kroon, E. D., Jagodzinski, L. L., Allen, I. E., Adams, C. L., Prueksakaew, P., Slike, B. M., Hellmuth, J. M., Kim, J. H., Ananworanich, J., & SEARCH 010/RV 254 study group (2015). Neurological response to cART vs. cART plus Integrase inhibitor and CCR5 antagonist initiated during acute HIV. PLoS One, 10(11), e0142600. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0142600
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• von Elm, E., Altman, D. G., Egger, M., Pocock, S. J., Gøtzsche, P. C., Vandenbroucke, J. P., & Initiative, S. T. R. O. B. E. (2007). The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: Guidelines for reporting observational studies. PLoS Medicine, 4(10), e296. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040296
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei, J., Hou, J., Su, B., Jiang, T., Guo, C., Wang, W., Zhang, Y., Chang, B., Wu, H., & Zhang, T. (2020 Dec 1). The prevalence of Frascati-criteria-based HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) in HIV-infected adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Neurology, 11, 581346. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2020.581346
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar