Publication Cover
AIDS Care
Psychological and Socio-medical Aspects of AIDS/HIV
Volume 35, 2023 - Issue 8
219
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Racial differences in the association of undetectable HIV viral load and transportation to an HIV provider among men who have sex with men in Atlanta, Georgia: a health equity perspective

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon show all
Pages 1154-1163 | Received 23 Sep 2022, Accepted 14 Feb 2023, Published online: 06 Mar 2023

References

  • Arrington-Sanders, R., Hailey-Fair, K., Wirtz, A. L., Morgan, A., Brooks, D., Castillo, M., Trexler, C., Kwait, J., Dowshen, N., Galai, N., Beyrer, C., & Celentano, D. (2020). Role of structural marginalization, HIV stigma, and mistrust on HIV prevention and treatment among young black Latinx men who have sex with men and transgender women: Perspectives from youth service providers. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 34(1), 7–15. https://doi.org/10.1089/apc.2019.0165
  • Ashman, J. J., Conviser, R., & Pounds, M. B. (2002). Associations between HIV-positive individuals’ receipt of ancillary services and medical care receipt and retention. AIDS Care, 14(sup1), 109–118. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540120220149993a
  • Bailey, Z. D., Krieger, N., Agénor, M., Graves, J., Linos, N., & Bassett, M. T. (2017). Structural racism and health inequities in the USA: Evidence and interventions. The Lancet, 389(10077), 1453–1463. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30569-X
  • Baral, S., Logie, C. H., Grosso, A., Wirtz, A. L., & Beyrer, C. (2013). Modified social ecological model: A tool to guide the assessment of the risks and risk contexts of HIV epidemics. BMC Public Health, 13(1), 482. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-482
  • Buchacz, K., Armon, C., Tedaldi, E., Palella, F. J., Novak, R. M., Ward, D., Hart, R., Durham, M. D., Brooks, J. T., the HIV Outpatient Study Investigators, Hays, H., Subramanian, T., Purinton, S., Franklin, D., Akridge, C., Rayeed, N., Jahangir, S., Flaherty, C. D., Bustamante, P., … Thomas, B. (2018). Disparities in HIV viral load suppression by race/ethnicity among men who have sex with men in the HIV outpatient study. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 34(4), 357–364. https://doi.org/10.1089/aid.2017.0162
  • Buchanan, D., Kee, R., Sadowski, L. S., & Garcia, D. (2009). The health impact of supportive housing for HIV-positive homeless patients: A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Public Health, 99(S3), S675–S680. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2008.137810
  • Carter, J. W., & Flores, S. A. (2019). Improving the HIV prevention landscape to reduce disparities for black MSM in the south. AIDS and Behavior, 23(3), 331–339. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-019-02671-w
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015). HIV surveillance report: Diagnoses of HIV infection in the United States and dependent areas, 2015.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020a, May 12). Continuum of care. https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/policies/continuum.html
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020b, October 23). HIV and African American gay and bisexual men. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/group/msm/bmsm.html
  • Collin, L. J., Gaglioti, A. H., Beyer, K. M., Zhou, Y., Moore, M. A., Nash, R., Switchenko, J. M., Miller-Kleinhenz, J. M., Ward, K. C., & McCullough, L. E. (2021). Neighborhood-level redlining and lending bias are associated with breast cancer mortality in a large and diverse metropolitan area. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, 30(1), 53–60. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-20-1038
  • Cornelius, T., Jones, M., Merly, C., Welles, B., Kalichman, M. O., & Kalichman, S. C. (2017). Impact of food, housing, and transportation insecurity on ART adherence: A hierarchical resources approach. AIDS Care, 29(4), 449–457. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2016.1258451
  • Dasgupta, S., Kramer, M. R., Rosenberg, E. S., Sanchez, T. H., Reed, L., & Sullivan, P. S. (2015). The effect of commuting patterns on HIV care attendance among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Atlanta, Georgia. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, 1(2), e4525. https://doi.org/10.2196/publichealth.4525
  • Dasgupta, S., Kramer, M. R., Rosenberg, E. S., Sanchez, T. H., & Sullivan, P. S. (2016). Development of a comprehensive measure of spatial access to HIV provider services, with application to Atlanta, Georgia. SpringerPlus, 5(1), 984. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-016-2515-8
  • Duncan, D., Regan, S., Park, S. H., Goedel, W., Kim, B., Barton, S., Halkitis, P., & Chaix, B. (2020). Assessment of spatial mobility among young men who have sex with men within and across high HIV prevalence neighborhoods in New York city: The P18 neighborhood study. Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Epidemiology, 35, 100356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sste.2020.100356
  • Duncan, D. T., Hickson, D. A., Goedel, W. C., Callander, D., Brooks, B., Chen, Y.-T., Hanson, H., Eavou, R., Khanna, A. S., Chaix, B., Regan, S. D., Wheeler, D. P., Mayer, K. H., Safren, S. A., Carr Melvin, S., Draper, C., Magee-Jackson, V., Brewer, R., & Schneider, J. A. (2019). The social context of HIV prevention and care among black men who have sex with men in three U.S. cities: The neighborhoods and networks (N2) cohort study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(11), 1922. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16111922
  • Duncan, D. T., Kim, B., Al-Ajlouni, Y. A., & Callander, D. (2021). Neighborhood-level structural factors, HIV, and communities of color. In B. O. Ojikutu, & V. E. Stone (Eds.), HIV in US communities of color (pp. 147–168). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48744-7_9
  • Feelemyer, J., Duncan, D. T., Dyer, T. V., Geller, A., Scheidell, J. D., Young, K. E., Cleland, C. M., Turpin, R. E., Brewer, R. A., Hucks-Ortiz, C., Mazumdar, M., Mayer, K. H., & Khan, M. R. (2021). Longitudinal associations between police harassment and experiences of violence among black men who have sex with men in six US cities: The HPTN 061 study. Journal of Urban Health, 98(2), 172–182. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-021-00526-1
  • Fortenberry, J. D., Martinez, J., Rudy, B., Monte, D., & Adolescent Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Interventions. (2012). Linkage to care for HIV-positive adolescents: A multisite study of the adolescent medicine trials units of the adolescent trials network. Journal of Adolescent Health, 51(6), 551–556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.03.012
  • Frederick, C., & Gilderbloom, J. (2018). Commute mode diversity and income inequality: An inter-urban analysis of 148 midsize US cities. Local Environment, 23(1), 54–76. https://doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2017.1385001
  • Georgia Department of Public Health. (2016). HIV epidemiologic profile, georgia: Excerpted from the Georgia integrated HIV care and prevention plan. Georgia Department of Public Health. https://www.myendnoteweb.com/linkto?func=ExternalLink&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdph.georgia.gov%2Fdocument%2Fdocument%2Fcurrent%2Fdownload
  • Goswami, N. D., Schmitz, M. M., Sanchez, T., Dasgupta, S., Sullivan, P., Cooper, H., Rane, D., Kelly, J., del Rio, C., & Waller, L. A. (2016). Understanding local spatial variation along the care continuum: The potential impact of transportation vulnerability on HIV linkage to care and viral suppression in high-poverty areas, Atlanta, Georgia. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 72(1), 65–72. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0000000000000914
  • Hall, H. I., Frazier, E. L., Rhodes, P., Holtgrave, D. R., Furlow-Parmley, C., Tang, T., Gray, K. M., Cohen, S. M., Mermin, J., & Skarbinski, J. (2013). Differences in human immunodeficiency virus care and treatment among subpopulations in the United States. JAMA Internal Medicine, 173(14), 1337–1344. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.6841
  • Holtgrave, D. R., & Crosby, R. A. (2003). Social capital, poverty, and income inequality as predictors of gonorrhoea, syphilis, chlamydia and AIDS case rates in the United States. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 79(1), 62–64. https://doi.org/10.1136/sti.79.1.62
  • Kalichman, S., Shkembi, B., Hernandez, D., Katner, H., & Thorson, K. R. (2019). Income inequality, HIV stigma, and preventing HIV disease progression in rural communities. Prevention Science, 20(7), 1066–1073. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-019-01013-5
  • Levy, M. E., Wilton, L., Phillips, G., Glick, S. N., Kuo, I., Brewer, R. A., Elliott, A., Watson, C., & Magnus, M. (2014). Understanding structural barriers to accessing HIV testing and prevention services among black men who have sex with men (BMSM) in the United States. AIDS and Behavior, 18(5), 972–996. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-014-0719-x
  • Lo, W., MacGovern, T., & Bradford, J. (2002). Association of ancillary services with primary care utilization and retention for patients with HIV/AIDS. AIDS Care, 14(sup1), 45–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/0954012022014992049984
  • Ludema, C., Edmonds, A., Cole, S. R. Jr., Eron, J. J., Adedimeji, A. A., Cohen, J., Cohen, M. H., Kassaye, S., Konkle-Parker, D. J., Metsch, L. R., Wingood, G. M., Wilson, T. E., & Adimora, A. A. (2018). Comparing neighborhood and state contexts for women living with and without HIV: Understanding the Southern HIV epidemic. AIDS Care, 30(11), 1360–1367. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2018.1492696
  • Mehta, S., Moore, R. D., & Graham, N. M. H. (1997). Potential factors affecting adherence with HIV therapy. Aids (london, England), 11(14), 1665–1670. https://doi.org/10.1097/00002030-199714000-00002
  • Millett, G. A., Flores, S. A., Peterson, J. L., & Bakeman, R. (2007). Explaining disparities in HIV infection among black and white men who have sex with men: A meta-analysis of HIV risk behaviors. Aids (london, England), 21(15), 2083–2091. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0b013e3282e9a64b
  • Millett, G. A., Peterson, J. L., Flores, S. A., Hart, T. A., Jeffries, W. L., Wilson, P. A., Rourke, S. B., Heilig, C. M., Elford, J., Fenton, K. A., & Remis, R. S. (2012). Comparisons of disparities and risks of HIV infection in black and other men who have sex with men in Canada, UK, and USA: A meta-analysis. The Lancet, 380(9839), 341–348. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60899-X
  • Millett, G. A., Peterson, J. L., Wolitski, R. J., & Stall, R. (2006). Greater risk for HIV infection of black men who have sex with men: A critical literature review. American Journal of Public Health, 96(6), 1007–1019. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2005.066720
  • Nardone, A., Chiang, J., & Corburn, J. (2020). Historic redlining and urban health today in U.S. cities. Environmental Justice, 13(4), 109–119. https://doi.org/10.1089/env.2020.0011
  • Peipins, L. A., Graham, S., Young, R., Lewis, B., & Flanagan, B. (2013). Racial disparities in travel time to radiotherapy facilities in the Atlanta metropolitan area. Social Science & Medicine, 89, 32–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.04.018
  • Peipins, L. A., Graham, S., Young, R., Lewis, B., Foster, S., Flanagan, B., & Dent, A. (2011). Time and distance barriers to mammography facilities in the Atlanta metropolitan area. Journal of Community Health, 36(4), 675–683. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-011-9359-5
  • Philbin, M. M., Tanner, A. E., DuVal, A., Ellen, J., Kapogiannis, B., & Fortenberry, J. D. (2014). Linking HIV-positive adolescents to care in 15 different clinics across the United States: Creating solutions to address structural barriers for linkage to care. AIDS Care, 26(1), 12–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2013.808730
  • Phillips, G., McCuskey, D., Ruprecht, M. M., Curry, C. W., & Felt, D. (2021). Structural interventions for HIV prevention and care among US men who have sex with men: A systematic review of evidence, gaps, and future priorities. AIDS and Behavior, 25(9), 2907–2919. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-021-03167-2
  • Roland, K. B., Carey, J. W., Bessler, P. A., Langer Tesfaye, C., Randall, L. A., Betley, V., Schoua-Glusberg, A., & Frew, P. M. (2022). “Take care of their hierarchy of needs first”: Strategies used by data-to-care staff to address barriers to HIV care engagement. AIDS Care, 0(0), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2022.2077296
  • Rosenberg, E. S., Millett, G. A., Sullivan, P. S., del Rio, C., & Curran, J. W. (2014). Understanding the HIV disparities between black and white men who have sex with men in the USA using the HIV care continuum: A modelling study. The Lancet HIV, 1(3), e112–e118. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3018(14)00011-3
  • Sagrestano, L. M., Clay, J., Finerman, R., Gooch, J., & Rapino, M. (2014). Transportation vulnerability as a barrier to service utilization for HIV-positive individuals. AIDS Care, 26(3), 314–319. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2013.819403
  • Adolescent Medicine Trials Network (A. T. N.) Cares Team, Saleska, J. L., Lee, S.-J., Leibowitz, A., Ocasio, M., & Swendeman, D. (2021). A tale of two cities: Exploring the role of race/ethnicity and geographic setting on PrEP use among adolescent cisgender MSM. AIDS and Behavior, 25(1), 139–147. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-020-02951-w
  • Sewell, A. A. (2016). The racism-race reification process: A mesolevel political economic framework for understanding racial health disparities. Sociology of Race and Ethnicity, 2(4), 402–432. https://doi.org/10.1177/2332649215626936
  • Sullivan, P. S., Knox, J., Jones, J., Taussig, J., Valentine Graves, M., Millett, G., Luisi, N., Hall, E., Sanchez, T. H., Del Rio, C., Kelley, C., Rosenberg, E. S., & Guest, J. L. (2021). Understanding disparities in viral suppression among Black MSM living with HIV in Atlanta Georgia. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 24(4). e25689. https://doi.org/10.1002/jia2.25689
  • Sullivan, P. S., Rosenberg, E. S., Sanchez, T. H., Kelley, C. F., Luisi, N., Cooper, H. L., Diclemente, R. J., Wingood, G. M., Frew, P. M., Salazar, L. F., del Rio, C., Mulligan, M. J., & Peterson, J. L. (2015). Explaining racial disparities in HIV incidence in black and white men who have sex with men in Atlanta, GA: A prospective observational cohort study. Annals of Epidemiology, 25(6), 445–454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2015.03.006
  • Syed, S. T., Gerber, B. S., & Sharp, L. K. (2013). Traveling towards disease: Transportation barriers to health care access. Journal of Community Health, 38(5), 976–993. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-013-9681-1
  • Teixeira da Silva, D., Bouris, A., Voisin, D., Hotton, A., Brewer, R., & Schneider, J. (2020). Social networks moderate the syndemic effect of psychosocial and structural factors on HIV risk among young black transgender women and men who have sex with men. AIDS and Behavior, 24(1), 192–205. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-019-02575-9
  • Timmins, L., Schneider, J. A., Chen, Y.-T., Goedel, W. C., Brewer, R., Callander, D., Knox, J., Eavou, R., Hanson, H., & Duncan, D. T. (2021). Sexual identity, sexual behavior and pre-exposure prophylaxis in black cisgender sexual minority men: The N2 cohort study in Chicago. AIDS and Behavior, 25(10), 3327–3336. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-021-03246-4
  • Walcott, M., Kempf, M.-C., Merlin, J. S., & Turan, J. M. (2016). Structural community factors and sub-optimal engagement in HIV care among low-income women in the Deep South of the USA. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 18(6), 682–694. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2015.1110255
  • Williams, D. R., & Collins, C. (2004). Reparations: A viable strategy to address the enigma of African American Health. American Behavioral Scientist, 47(7), 977–1000. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764203261074

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.