Childhood sexual abuse and antiretroviral therapy adherence among older adults living with HIV: a mixed methods study

References

• Adeniyi, O. V., Ajayi, A. I., Ter Goon, D., Owolabi, E. O., Eboh, A., & Lambert, J. (2018). Factors affecting adherence to antiretroviral therapy among pregnant women in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. BMC Infectious Diseases, 18(1), 175. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-018-3087-8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173–1182. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bremner, J. D., Bolus, R., & Mayer, E. A. (2007). Psychometric properties of the early trauma inventory-self report. Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, 195(3), 211–218. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.nmd.0000243824.84651.6c
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooke, P., & Bullock, R. (1999). Validation of a 6 item cognitive impairment test with a view to primary care usage. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 14(11), 936–940. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1166(199911)14:11<936::AID-GPS39>3.0.CO;2-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, M. J., Brown, A. D., Haider, M. R., Edwards, A., Crouch, E., & Li, X. (2021). Childhood sexual trauma and antiretroviral therapy adherence: A mixed-methods systematic review. AIDS and Behavior, 25(2), 475–491. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-020-03009-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, M. J., Harrison, S. E., & Li, X. (2019). Gender Disparities in Traumatic Life Experiences and Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Among People Living with HIV in South Carolina. AIDS and Behavior, 23(11), 2904–2915. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-019-02440-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, M. J., Qian, Y., Harrison, S., Haider, M. R., Conserve, D. F., Deming, M., … Li, X. (2021). Age and sex disparities in sexual trauma, depressive symptoms, and antiretroviral adherence Among people living with HIV in the deep south: A mediation analysis. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 50(4), 1805–1816. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-020-01811-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022a). Fast Facts: Preventing Child Sexual Abuse. https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/childsexualabuse/fastfact.html.
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022b). HIV Treatment. https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/livingwithhiv/treatment.html.
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022c). HIV Treatment as Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/risk/art/index.html.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, M. S., Chen, Y. Q., McCauley, M., Gamble, T., Hosseinipour, M. C., Kumarasamy, N., … Fleming, T. R. (2016). Antiretroviral therapy for the prevention of HIV-1 transmission. New England Journal of Medicine, 375(9), 830–839. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1600693
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2017). Designing and conducting mixed methods research. Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Creswell, J. W., Plano Clark, V. L., Gutmann, M., & Hanson, W. (2003). Advanced mixed methods research designs. In A. T. Tashakkori (Ed.), Handbook of mixed methods in social and behavioral research. Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Draper, B., Pfaff, J. J., Pirkis, J., Snowdon, J., Lautenschlager, N. T., Wilson, I., & Almeida, O. P. (2008). Long-term effects of childhood abuse on the quality of life and health of older people: results from the Depression and Early Prevention of Suicide in General Practice Project. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 56(2), 262–271. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01537.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fauci, A. S., Redfield, R. R., Sigounas, G., Weahkee, M. D., & Giroir, B. P. (2019). Ending the HIV epidemic: A plan for the United States. Jama, 321(9), 844–845. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2019.1343
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greene, J. C., Caracelli, V. J., & Graham, W. F. (1989). Toward a conceptual framework for mixed-method evaluation designs. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 11(3), 255–274. https://doi.org/10.3102/01623737011003255
   Google Scholar
• Grulich, A. E., Bavington, B. R., Jin, F., Prestage, G., Zablotska, I., Grinsztejn, B., Phanuphak, N., Moore, R., & Koelsch, K. K. (2015). HIV transmission in male serodiscordant couples in Australia, Thailand and Brazil. Paper presented at the 22nd Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Seattle, Washington.
   Google Scholar
• Guest, G., Bunce, A., & Johnson, L. (2006). How many interviews are enough? An experiment with data saturation and variability. Field Methods, 18(1), 59–82. https://doi.org/10.1177/1525822X05279903
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hennink, M. M., Kaiser, B. N., & Marconi, V. C. (2017). Code saturation versus meaning saturation: How many interviews are enough? Qualitative Health Research, 27(4), 591–608. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732316665344
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korbman, M. D., Pirutinsky, S., Feindler, E. L., & Rosmarin, D. H. (2021). Childhood sexual abuse, spirituality/religion, anxiety and depression in a Jewish community sample: The mediating role of religious coping. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 8862605211001462. https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605211001462
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. (2001). The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 16(9), 606–613. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer Publishing Company.
   Google Scholar
• Li, Z., Purcell, D. W., Sansom, S. L., Hayes, D., & Hall, H. I. (2019). Vital signs: HIV transmission along the continuum of care - United States, 2016. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 68(11), 267–272. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6811e1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markowitz, S. M., O'Cleirigh, C., Hendriksen, E. S., Bullis, J. R., Stein, M., & Safren, S. A. (2011). Childhood sexual abuse and health risk behaviors in patients with HIV and a history of injection drug use. AIDS and Behavior, 15(7), 1554–1560. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-010-9857-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mattera, B., Levine, E. C., Martinez, O., Muñoz-Laboy, M., Hausmann-Stabile, C., Bauermeister, J., … Rodriguez-Diaz, C. (2018). Long-term health outcomes of childhood sexual abuse and peer sexual contact among an urban sample of behaviourally bisexual Latino men. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 20(6), 607–624. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2017.1367420
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meade, C. S., Hansen, N. B., Kochman, A., & Sikkema, K. J. (2009). Utilization of medical treatments and adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-positive adults with histories of childhood sexual abuse. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 23(4), 259–266. https://doi.org/10.1089/apc.2008.0210
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mugavero, M., Ostermann, J., Whetten, K., Leserman, J., Swartz, M., Stangl, D., & Thielman, N. (2006). Barriers to antiretroviral adherence: the importance of depression, abuse, and other traumatic events. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 20(6), 418–428. https://doi.org/10.1089/apc.2006.20.418
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Namey, E. G., McKenna, K., & Chen, M. (2016). Evaluating Bang for the Buck: A cost-effectiveness comparison between individual interviews and focus groups based on thematic saturation levels. American Journal of Evaluation, 37(3), 425–440. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098214016630406
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Callaghan, E., Shepp, V., Ullman, S. E., & Kirkner, A. (2019). Navigating sex and sexuality after sexual assault: A qualitative study of survivors and informal support providers. The Journal of Sex Research, 56(8), 1045–1057. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2018.1506731
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Onwuegbuzie, A. J., & Collins, K. M. T. (2007). A typology of mixed methods sampling designs in social science research. The Qualitative Report, 12(2), 281–316. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2007.1638
   Google Scholar
• Rodger, A. J., Cambiano, V., Bruun, T., Vernazza, P., Collins, S., van Lunzen, J., … Lundgren, J. (2016). Sexual activity without condoms and risk of HIV transmission in serodifferent couples when the HIV-positive partner is using suppressive antiretroviral therapy. Jama, 316(2), 171–181. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.5148
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers, C. R. (1957). The necessary and sufficient conditions of therapeutic personality change. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 21(2), 95–103. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0045357
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sachs-Ericsson, N., Gayman, M. D., Kendall-Tackett, K., Lloyd, D. A., Medley, A., Collins, N., … Sawyer, K. (2010). The long-term impact of childhood abuse on internalizing disorders among older adults: The moderating role of self-esteem. Aging & Mental Health, 14(4), 489–501. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607860903191382
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saldaña, J. (2021). The coding manual for qualitative researchers (4th ed.). Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Sauceda, J. A., Wiebe, J. S., & Simoni, J. M. (2016). Childhood sexual abuse and depression in Latino men who have sex with men: Does resilience protect against nonadherence to antiretroviral therapy? Journal of Health Psychology, 21(6), 1096–1106. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105314546341
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Talbot, N. L., Chapman, B., Conwell, Y., McCollumn, K., Franus, N., Cotescu, S., & Duberstein, P. R. (2009). Childhood sexual abuse is associated with physical illness burden and functioning in psychiatric patients 50 years of age and older. Psychosomatic Medicine, 71(4), 417–422. https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0b013e318199d31b
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tashakkori, A., & Teddlie, C. (1998). Mixed methodology: Combining qualitative and quantitative approaches (Vol. 46). Thousand Oakes, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Tong, A., Sainsbury, P., & Craig, J. (2007). Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): A 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups. International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 19(6), 349–357. https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzm042
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• US Department of Health and Human Services. (2022). What Is Ending the HIV Epidemic in the U.S.? https://www.hiv.gov/federal-response/ending-the-hiv-epidemic/overview.
   Google Scholar
• Walsh, J. C., Mandalia, S., & Gazzard, B. G. (2002). Responses to a 1 month self-report on adherence to antiretroviral therapy are consistent with electronic data and virological treatment outcome. Aids (london, England), 16(2), 269–277. https://doi.org/10.1097/00002030-200201250-00017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watt, M. H., Dennis, A. C., Choi, K. W., Ciya, N., Joska, J. A., Robertson, C., & Sikkema, K. J. (2017). Impact of sexual trauma on HIV care engagement: Perspectives of female patients with trauma histories in Cape Town, South Africa. AIDS and Behavior, 21(11), 3209–3218. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-016-1617-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whetten, K., Shirey, K., Pence, B. W., Yao, J., Thielman, N., Whetten, R., … Reddy, E. (2013). Trauma history and depression predict incomplete adherence to antiretroviral therapies in a low income country. PloS one, 8(10), e74771. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0074771
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willie, T. C., Overstreet, N. M., Sullivan, T. P., Sikkema, K. J., & Hansen, N. B. (2016). Barriers to HIV medication adherence: Examining distinct anxiety and depression symptoms among women living with HIV who experienced childhood sexual abuse. Behavioral Medicine, 42(2), 120–127. https://doi.org/10.1080/08964289.2015.1045823
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson, S. M., Sikkema, K. J., & Ranby, K. W. (2014). Gender moderates the influence of psychosocial factors and drug use on HAART adherence in the context of HIV and childhood sexual abuse. AIDS Care, 26(8), 959–967. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2013.873765
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xavier Hall, C. D., Moran, K., Newcomb, M. E., & Mustanski, B. (2021). Age of occurrence and severity of childhood sexual abuse: Impacts on health outcomes in men who have sex with men and transgender women. The Journal of Sex Research, 58(6), 763–774. doi:10.1080/00224499.2020.1840497
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar