Nature and consequences of stressful life events in homosexual HIV-positive men: A review

References

• BLANEY , N.T. , GOODKIN , K. , MORGAN , R.O. , FEASTER , D. , MILLON , C. , SZAPOCZNIK , J. and EISDORFER , C. 1991 . A stress moderator model of distress in early HIV-I infection: concurrent analysis of life events, hardiness and social support . Journal of Psychosomatic Research , 35 : 297 – 305 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BLANEY , N.T. , MILLON , C. , MORGAN , R. , EISDORFER , C. and SZAPOCZNIK , J. 1990 . Emotional distress, stress-related disruption and coping among healthy HIV-positive gay males . Psychology and Health , 4 : 259 – 273 .
   Google Scholar
• BREWER , B.W. 1993 . Self identity and specific vulnerability to depressed mood . Journal of Personality , 61 : 343 – 364 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DAVIES , M.L. 1997 . Shattered assumptions: time and the experience of long-term HIV positivity . Social Science Medicine , 44 : 561 – 571 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EVANS , D.L. , LESSENNAN , J. , PERKINS , D.O. , STERN , R. A. , MURPHY , C. , ZHENG , B.Y. , GETTES , D. , LONGMATE , J.A. , SILVA , S.G. , VANDEHORST , C.M. , HALL , C.D. , FOLDS , J.D. , GODEN , R.N. and PETITTO , J.M. 1997 . Severe life stress as a predictor of early disease progression . American Journal of Psychiatry , 154 : 630 – 634 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FIEFEL , H. , STRACK , S. and NAGY , V.T. 1987 . Coping strategies and associated features of medically ill patients . Psychosomatic Medicine , 49 : 616 – 625 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GOODKIN , K. , FUCHS , I. , FEASTER , D. , LEEKA , J. and RISHEL , D. 1992 . Life stressors and coping style are associated with immune measures in HIV-1 infection. A preliminary report . International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine , 22 : 155 – 172 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GORMAN , D.M. 1993 . A review of studies comparing checklist and interview methods of data collection in life event research . Behavioural Medicine , 19 : 66 – 73 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GOTLIB , I.H. and HAMMEN , C.L. 1992 . Psychological aspects of depression: toward a cognitive-interpersonal intetegration , Chichester : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• HERBERT , T.B. and COHEN , S. 1993 . Stress and immunity . Psychosomatic Medicine , 55 : 364 – 379 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IRONSON , G. , LAPERRIERE , A. , ANTONI , M. , O'HEARN , P. , SCHNEIDERMAN , N. , Knox , N. and FLETCHER , M.A. 1990 . Changes in immune and psychological measures as a function of anticipation and reaction to news of ;HIV-1 antibody status . Psychosomatic Medicine , 52 : 247 – 270 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KEMENY , M.E. and DEAN , L. 1995 . Effects of AIDS-related bereavement on HIV progression among New York city gay men . AIDS Education and Prevention , 7 : 36 – 47 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KENDLER , K.S. , NEALE , M.C. , KESSLER , R. , HEATH , A.C. and EAVES , I. 1993 . A twin study of recent life events and difficulties . Archives of General Psychiatry , 50 : 789 – 796 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KESSLER , R.C. , FOSTER , C. , JOSEPH , J. , OSTROW , D. , WORTMAN , C. , PHAIR , J. and CHMIEL , J. 1991 . Stressful life events and symptom onset in HIV infection . American Journal of Psychiatry , 148 : 733 – 738 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KLEIN , S.J. and FLETCHER , W. 1986 . Gay grief: an examination of its uniqueness brought to light by the AIDS crisis . Journal of Psychosocial Oncology , 4 : 15 – 25 .
   Google Scholar
• MARTIN , J.L. 1988 . Psychological consequences of AIDS-related bereavement among gay men . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 56 : 856 – 862 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MARTIN , J.L. , DEAN , L. , GARCIA , M. and HALL , W. 1989 . The impact of AIDS on a gay community: changes in sexual behavior, substance use and mental health . American Journal of Community Psychology , 17 : 269 – 293 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCAIN , N.L. and GRAMLING , L.F. 1992 . Living with dying: coping with HIV disease . Issues in Mental Health Nursing , 13 : 271 – 284 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McKUSICK , L. and HILLIARD , K. Multiple loss accounts for worsening distress in a community hard hit by AIDS . Poster presented at the VII International AIDS Conference . Florence .
   Google Scholar
• MONTANER , J.S.G. 1997 . Novel approaches to the management of individuals with human immunodeficiency virus . Antiviral Therapy , 2 : 39 – 43 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• NOTT , K.H. and VEDHARA , K. 1995 . The measurement and significance of stressful life events in a cohort of homosexual HIV-positive men . AIDS Care , 7 : 55 – 69 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'LEARY , A. 1990 . Stress, emotion and human immune function . Psychological Bulletin , 108 : 363 – 382 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ORMEL , J. and SANDERMAN , R. 1989 . “ Life events, personal control and depression ” . In Stress, personal control and health , Edited by: STEPTOE , A. and APPELS , A. 193 – 213 . Brussels : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• PATERSON , R.J. and NEUFELD , R.W.J. 1989 . “ The stress response and parameters of stressful situations ” . In Advances in the investigation of psychological stress , Edited by: NEUFELD , R. W. J. New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• RAPHAEL , K.G. , CLOITRE , M. and DOHRENWEND , B.P. 1991 . Problems of recall and misclassification with checklist methods of measuring stressful life events . Health Psychology , I0 : 62 – 74 .
   Google Scholar
• ROSSER , B.S. and Ross , M.W. 1988 . Perceived emotional and life change impact of AIDS on homosexual men in two countries . Psychology and Health , 2 : 301 – 317 .
   Google Scholar
• ROSSER , B.S. and ROSS , M.W. 1989 . A Gay Life Events Scale (GALES) for homosexual men . Journal of Gay and Lesbian Psychotherapy , 1 : 87 – 101 .
   Google Scholar
• SHERR , L. , HEDGE , B. , STEINHART , K , DAVEY , I. and PETRACK , J. 1992 . Unique patterns of bereavement in HIV: implications for counselling . Genitourinary Medicine , 68 : 378 – 381 . 81
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SHIMA , S. 1993 . Life events in Japanese employees . Stress Medicine , 9 : 167 – 170 .
   Google Scholar
• THOMPSON , S.C. , NANNI , C. and LEVINE , A. 1996 . The stressors and stress of being HIV-positive . AIDS Care , 8 : 5 – 14 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TURNER , H.A. , HAYS , R.B. and COATES , T.J. 1993 . Determinants of social support among gay men: the context of AIDS . Journal of Health and Social Behaviour , 34 : 37 – 53 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WOLCOTT , D.L. , NAMIR , S. , FAWZY , F.I. , GOTTLIEB , M.S. and MITSUYASU , R. 1986 . Illness concerns, attitudes towards homosexuality and social support in individuals with AIDS . General Hospital Psychiatry , 8 : 395 – 403 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WOLF , T.M. , BALSON , P.M. , MORSE , E.V. , SIMON , P.M. , GAUMER , R.H. , DRALLE , P.W. and WILLIAMS , M.H. 1991 . Relationship of coping style to affective state and perceived social support in asymptomatic and symptomatic HIV infected persons: implications for clinical management . Journal of Clinical Psychiatry , 52 : 171 – 173 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZOLLI , P. , DE VANNA , M. , TONEGUZZI , D. and AGUGLIA , E. 1992 . Life events and social support in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome . New Trends in Experimental and Clinical Psychiatry , 8 : 19 – 24 .
   Google Scholar