Boys keep swinging? Sex-composition of the school and pressure for gender-conformity

References

• Abrams, Dominic, Joanne Thomas, and Michael A. Hogg. 1990. “Numerical Distinctiveness, Social Identity and Gender Salience.” British Journal of Social Psychology 29: 87–92. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8309.1990.tb00889.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bos, Henny, and Theo G.M. Sandfort. 2010. “Children’s Gender Identity in Lesbian and Heterosexual two-Parent Families.” Sex Roles 62: 114–126. doi: 10.1007/s11199-009-9704-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brutsaert, Herman. 1999. “Coeducation and Gender Identity Formation: A Comparative Analysis of Secondary Schools in Belgium.” British Journal of Sociology of Education 20 (3): 343–353. doi: 10.1080/01425699995308
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brutsaert, Herman. 2006. “Gender-role Identity and Perceived Peer Group Acceptance among Early Adolescents in Belgian Mixed and Single-sex Schools.” Gender and Education 18 (6): 635–649. doi: 10.1080/09540250600980204
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cann, Victoria. 2014. “The Limits of Masculinity: Boys, Taste and Cultural Consumption.” In Debating Modern Masculinities: Change, Continuity, Crisis?, edited by Steven Roberts, 17–34. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Carver, Priscilla R., Jennifer L. Yunger, and David G. Perry. 2003. “Gender Identity and Adjustment in Middle Childhood.” Sex Roles 49 (3/4): 95–109. doi: 10.1023/A:1024423012063
   Google Scholar
• Castellanos, Melisa, Lina Saldarriaga, Luz Stella Lopez, and William M. Bukowski. 2019. “Contextual Variance and Invariance in Self-Perceived Gender Typicality and Pressure to Conform to Gender Role Expectations.” International Journal of Behavioral Development 43 (4): 305–308. doi: 10.1177/0165025419844037
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collier, Kate L., Henny M. W. Bos, and Theo G.M. Sandfort. 2013. “Homophobic Namecalling among Secondary School Students and its Implications for Mental Health.” Journal of Youth and Adolescence 42 (3): 363–375. doi: 10.1007/s10964-012-9823-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connell, Raewyn W. 1995. Masculinities. Cambridge: Polity Press.
   Google Scholar
• Deaux, Kay, and Brenda Major. 1987. “Putting Gender Into Context: An Interactive Model of Gender-Related Behavior.” Psychological Review 94 (3): 369–389. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.94.3.369
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demanet, Jannick, Pieter Vanderwegen, Hans Vermeersch, and Mieke Van Houtte. 2013. “Unraveling Gender Composition Effects on Rule-Breaking at School: A Focus on Study Attitudes.” Gender and Education 25 (4): 466–485. doi: 10.1080/09540253.2013.772567
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deutsch, Francine M. 2007. “Undoing Gender.” Gender & Society 21 (1): 106–127. doi: 10.1177/0891243206293577
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Valk, Helga. 2008. “Parental Influence on Work and Family Plans of Adolescents of Different Ethnic Backgrounds in the Netherlands.” Sex Roles 59: 738–751. doi: 10.1007/s11199-008-9464-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drury, Kate, William M. Bukowski, Ana M. Velasquez, and Luz Stella-Lopez. 2013. “Victimization and Gender Identity in Single-sex and Mixed-sex Schools: Examining Contextual Variations in Pressure to Conform to Gender Norms.” Sex Roles 69: 442–454. doi: 10.1007/s11199-012-0118-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Egan, Susan K., and David G. Perry. 2001. “Gender Identity: A Multidimensional Analysis with Implications for Psychosocial Adjustment.” Developmental Psychology 37: 451–463. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.37.4.451
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erarslan, Ayse B., and Bruce Rankin. 2013. “Gender Role Attitudes of Female Students in Single-sex and Coeducational High Schools in Istanbul.” Sex Roles 69: 455–468. doi: 10.1007/s11199-013-0277-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erikson, Robert, and John H. Goldthorpe. 2002. “Intergenerational Inequality: A Sociological Perspective.” The Journal of Economic Perspectives 16 (3): 31–44. doi: 10.1257/089533002760278695
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fabes, Richard A., Carol L. Martin, Laura D. Hanish, Kathrine Galligan, and Erin Pahlke. 2015. “Gender-segregated Schooling: A Problem Disguised as a Solution.” Educational Policy 29 (3): 431–447. doi: 10.1177/0895904813492382
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris, Judith R. 1995. “Where is the Child's Environment? A Group Socialization Theory of Development.” Psychological Review 102 (3): 458–489. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.102.3.458
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffman, Adam J., Florence Dumas, Florence Loose, Annique Smeding, Beth Kurtz-Costes, and Isabelle Régner. 2019. “Development of Gender Typicality and Felt Pressure in European French and North African French Adolescents.” Child Development 90 (3): 306–321. doi: 10.1111/cdev.12959
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huyge, Ellen, Dimitri Van Maele, and Mieke Van Houtte. 2015. “Does Students’ Machismo fit in School? Clarifying the Implications of Traditional Gender Role Ideology for School Belonging.” Gender and Education 27 (1): 1–18. doi: 10.1080/09540253.2014.972921
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson, Carolyn. 2002. “Can Single-sex Classes in co-Educational Schools Enhance the Learning Experiences of Girls and/or Boys? An Exploration of Pupils’ Perceptions.” British Educational Research Journal 28 (1): 37–48. doi: 10.1080/01411920120109739
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson, Carolyn. 2003. “Motives for ‘Laddishness’ at School: Fear of Failure and Fear of the ‘Feminine’.” British Educational Research Journal 29 (4): 583–598. doi: 10.1080/01411920301847
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson, Carolyn, and Penny Tinkler. 2007. “‘Ladettes’ and ‘Modern Girls’: ‘Troublesome’ Young Femininities.” The Sociological Review 55 (2): 251–272. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-954X.2007.00704.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jodoin, Emilie, and Danielle Julien. 2011. “Validation D’une Batterie D’échelles en Français Portant sur L’identité de Genre Chez des Jeunes de Huit à 16 ans.” Psychologie Française 56: 119–131. doi: 10.1016/j.psfr.2011.04.001
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, Dominique, and Billie Gastic. 2014. “Patterns of Bullying in Single-sex Schools.” Sexuality Research and Social Policy 11: 126–136. doi: 10.1007/s13178-014-0146-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessels, Ursula, and Bettina Hannover. 2008. “When Being a Girl Matters Less: Accessibility of Genderrelated Self-Knowledge in Single-sex and Coeducational Classes and its Impact on Students’ Physics-Related Self-Concept of Ability.” British Journal of Educational Psychology 78 (2): 273–289. doi: 10.1348/000709907X215938
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kornienko, Olga, Carlos E. Santos, Carol L. Martin, and Kristen L. Granger. 2016. “Peer Influence on Gender Identity Development in Adolescence.” Developmental Psychology 52 (10): 1578–1592. doi: 10.1037/dev0000200
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lagaert, Susan, Mieke Van Houtte, and Henk Roose. 2017. “Engendering Culture: The Relationship Between Gender Identity and Pressure for Gender Conformity in Adolescents’ Interests in the Arts and Literature.” Sex Roles 77: 482–495. doi: 10.1007/s11199-017-0738-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leaper, Campbell, Timea Farkas, and Christia S. Brown. 2012. “Adolescent Girls’ Experiences and Gender-Related Beliefs in Relation to Their Motivation in Math/Science and English.” Journal of Youth and Adolescence 41 (3): 268–282. doi: 10.1007/s10964-011-9693-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, Valerie E., and Helen M. Marks. 1990. “Sustained Effects of the Single-sex Secondary School Experience on Attitudes, Behaviors, and Values in College.” Journal of Educational Psychology 82 (3): 578–592. doi: 10.1037/0022-0663.82.3.578
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maccoby, Eleanor E. 1998. The two Sexes: Growing up Apart, Coming Together. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mehta, Clare M. 2015. “Gender in Context: Considering Variability in Wood and Eagly’s Traditions of Gender Identity.” Sex Roles 73: 490–496. doi: 10.1007/s11199-015-0535-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pahlke, Erin, Janet S. Hyde, and Carlie M. Allison. 2014. “The Effects of Single-sex Compared with Coeducational Schooling on Students’ Performance and Attitudes: A Meta-Analysis.” Psychological Bulletin 140 (4): 1042–1072. doi: 10.1037/a0035740
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perry, David G., Rachel E. Pauletti, and Patrick J. Cooper. 2019. “Gender Identity in Childhood: A Review of the Literature.” International Journal of Behavioral Development 43 (4): 289–304. doi: 10.1177/0165025418811129
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pipher, Mary. 2002. Reviving Ophelia: Saving the Selves of Adolescent Girls. New York: Riverhead Books.
   Google Scholar
• Renold, Emma. 2001a. “Learning the ‘Hard’ way: Boys Hegemonic Masculinity and the Negotiation of Learner Identities in the Primary School.” British Journal of Sociology of Education 22 (3): 369–385. doi: 10.1080/01425690120067980
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Renold, Emma. 2001b. “‘Square-Girls’, Femininity and the Negotiation of Academic Success in the Primary School.” British Educational Research Journal 27 (5): 577–588. doi: 10.1080/01411920120095753
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Risman, Barbara J. 2004. “Gender as a Social Structure. Theory Wrestling with Activism.” Gender & Society 18 (4): 429–450. doi: 10.1177/0891243204265349
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schneeweis, Nicole, and Martina Zweimüller. 2012. “Girls, Girls, Girls: Gender Composition and Female School Choice.” Economics of Education Review 31 (4): 482–500. doi: 10.1016/j.econedurev.2011.11.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen-Miller, David, and Andrew P. Smiler. 2015. “Men in Female-Dominated Vocations: A Rationale for Academic Study and Introduction to the Special Issue.” Sex Roles 72: 269–276. doi: 10.1007/s11199-015-0471-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shrout, Patrick E., and Joseph L. Fleiss. 1979. “Intraclass Correlations: Uses in Assessing Rater Reliability.” Psychological Bulletin 86: 420–428. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.86.2.420
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, Tara E., and Campbell Leaper. 2005. “Self-perceived Gender Typicality and the Peer Context During Adolescence.” Journal of Research on Adolescence 16 (1): 91–103. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-7795.2006.00123.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, Cynthia J., Jane A. Noll, and Judith Becker Bryant. 1999. “The Effect of Social Context on Gender Self-Concept.” Sex Roles 40 (5/6): 499–512. doi: 10.1023/A:1018879811991
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, Danielle S., Hannah L. Schacter, Craig Enders, and Jaana Juvonen. 2018. “Gender Norm Salience Across Middle Schools: Contextual Variations in Associations Between Gender Typicality and Socioemotional Distress.” Journal of Youth and Adolescence 47: 947–960. doi: 10.1007/s10964-017-0732-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swain, Jon. 2006. “Reflections on Patterns of Masculinity in School Settings.” Men and Masculinities 8 (3): 331–349. doi: 10.1177/1097184X05282203
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Timmerman, Christiane, Philip Hermans, and Johan Hoornaert. 2002. Allochtone Jongeren in het Onderwijs. Een Multidisciplinair Perspectief [Allochtonous Youngsters in Education. A Multidisciplinary Perspective]. Leuven: Garant.
   Google Scholar
• Van Houtte, Mieke. 2004a. “Why Boys Achieve Less at School Than Girls: The Difference Between Boys’ and Girls’ Academic Culture.” Educational Studies 30 (2): 159–173. doi: 10.1080/0305569032000159804
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Houtte, Mieke. 2004b. “Gender Context of the School and Study Culture, or how the Presence of Girls Affects the Achievement of Boys.” Educational Studies 30 (4): 409–423. doi: 10.1080/0305569042000310336
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Houtte, Mieke, and Wendelien Vantieghem. 2017. “Do Girls Make Boys Study? Gender Composition, Gender Role Culture and Sense of Futility in Flemish Secondary Schools.” Youth & Society. (online doi:10.1177/0044118X17740597).
   Google Scholar
• Van Houtte, Mieke, Roselien Vervaet, Roslyn A. Mickelson, and Peter A.J. Stevens. 2019. “The Ethnic Prejudice of Flemish Pupils: The Roles of School Gender Composition and Laddish Culture.” Gender and Education 31 (8): 1057–1076. doi: 10.1080/09540253.2018.1440283
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vantieghem, Wendelien, and Mieke Van Houtte. 2015. “Are Girls More Resilient to Gender-Conformity Pressure Than Boys? The Association Between Pressure for Gender Conformity and Academic Self-Efficacy.” Sex Roles 73 (1): 1–15. doi: 10.1007/s11199-015-0509-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vermeersch, Hans, Guy T’sjoen, Jean-Marc Kaufman, John Vincke, and Mieke Van Houtte. 2010. “Gender Ideology, Same-sex Peer Group Affiliation and the Relationship Between Testosterone and Dominance in Adolescent Boys and Girls.” Journal of Biosocial Science 42 (4): 463–475. doi: 10.1017/S0021932010000106
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warrington, Molly, Mike Younger, and Jacquetta Williams. 2000. “Student Attitudes, Image and the Gender gap.” British Educational Research Journal 26 (3): 393–407. doi: 10.1080/01411920050030914
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• West, Candace, and Don H. Zimmerman. 1987. “Doing Gender.” Gender & Society 1 (2): 125–151. doi: 10.1177/0891243287001002002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood, Wendy, and Alice H. Eagly. 2015. “Two Traditions of Research on Gender Identity.” Sex Roles 73: 461–473. doi: 10.1007/s11199-015-0480-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar