55
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Drug treatments in post-traumatic stress disorder

&
Pages 189-193 | Published online: 11 Jul 2009

  • AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th edition). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
  • BHUGRA, D. & BHUI, K.S. (1999). Psychopharmacology and ethnic minorities. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 5, 89-95.
  • BILLS, L.J. & KREISLER, K. (1993). Treatment of flashbacks with naltrexone. American Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 1430.
  • BLEICH, A., SIEGEL, B., GARB, R. & LERER, B. (1986). Post-traumatic stress disorder following combat exposure: clinical features and psychopharmacological treatment. British Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 365-369.
  • BRADY, K., PEARLSTEIN, T., ASNIS, G.M., BAKER, D., et al. (2000). Efficacy and safety of sertraline treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomised controlled trial. Journal of American Medical Association, 283, 1837-1844.
  • BRAUN, P., GREENBERG, D., DASBERG, H. & LERER, B. (1990). Core symptoms of post traumatic stress disorder unimproved by alprazolam treatment. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 51, 236-238.
  • BROPHY, M.H. (1991). Cyproheptadine for combat nightmares in post traumatic stress disorder and dream anxiety disorder. Military Medicine, 156, 100-101.
  • CHARNEY, D.S., DEUTCH, A.Y., KRYSTAL, J.H., SOUTHWICK, S.M., et al. (1993). Psychobiological mechanisms of post traumatic stress disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 50, 295-305.
  • CONNOR, K.M. & DAVIDSON, J.R.T. (1998). The role of serotonin in posttraumatic stress disorder. Neurobiology and Pharmacotherapy. CNS Spectrums, 3, 43-51.
  • CONNOR, K.M., SUTHERLAND, S.M., TUPLER, L.A., MALIK, M., et al. (1999). Fluoxetine in post traumatic stress disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry, 175, 17-22.
  • COOK, M.D. & CONNER, J. (1995). Retrospective review of hypnotic use in combination with fluoxetine or sertraline. Clinical Drug Investigation, 9, 212-216.
  • DAVIDSON, J. & SMITH, R. (1990). Traumatic experiences in psychiatric outpatients. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 3, 459-475.
  • DAVIDSON, J.R.T., MALIK, M.L. & SUTHERLAND, S.N. (1997a). Response characteristics to antidepressants and placebo in post traumatic stress disorder. International Clinical Psychopharmacology, 12, 291-296.
  • DAVIDSON, J.R.T., WEISLER, R.H., MALIK, M.L. & CONNER, M.K. (1998). Treatment of post traumatic stress disorder with nefazodone. International Clinical Psychopharmacology , 13, 111-113.
  • DAVIDSON, J.R.T., KUDLER, H.S., SMITH, R.D., MAHOMEY, S.L., et al. (1990). Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder with amitriptyline and placebo. Archives of General Psychiatry, 47, 259-266.
  • DAVIDSON, J., LANDBURG, P.D., PEARLSTEIN, T., WEISLER, R., et al. (1997b). Double blind comparison of sertraline and placebo in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder. Abstracts of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology 36th Annual Meeting, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
  • DILLARD, K.M., BENDFELDT, F. & JERNIGAN, P. (1993). Use of thioridazine in post traumatic stress disorder. Southern Medical Journal, 86, 1276-1278.
  • FESLER, F.A. (1991). Valproate in combat related post traumatic stress disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 52, 361-364.
  • FITCHNER, C.G. & CRAYTON, J.W. (1994). Buspirone in combat related post traumatic stress disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 55(Suppl. 8), 66-72.
  • FOA, E.B., DAVIDSON, J.R.T. & FRANCES, A. (1999). The Expert Consensus Guideline Series. Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 60(Suppl. 16), 1-76.
  • GARLAND, C. (1993). The lasting trauma of the concentration camps. British Medical Journal, 307, 77-78.
  • GELPIN, E., BONNE, O., PERI, T., BRANDES, D., et al. (1996). Treatment of recent trauma survivors with benzodiazepines. A prospective study. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 57, 390-394.
  • HAMNER, M.B. & FRUEH, B.C. (1998). Response to venlafaxine in a previously antidepressant resistant combat veteran with post traumatic stress disorder. International Clinical Psychopharmacology, 13, 233-234.
  • HAMNER, M.B., ULMER, H. & HORNE, D. (1997). Buspirone potentiation of antidepressants in the treatment of post traumatic stress disorder. Depression and Anxiety, 5, 137-139.
  • HERTZBERG, M.A., FELDMAN, M.E., BECKHAM, J.C. & DAVIDSON, J.R.T. (1996). Trial of trazodone for posttraumatic stress disorder using a multiple baseline group design. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 16, 294-298.
  • HERTZBERG, M.A., BUTTERFIELD, M.I., FELDMAN, M.E., BECKHAM, J.C., et al. (1999). A preliminary study of lamotrigine for the treatment of post traumatic stress disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 45, 1226-1229.
  • HERTZBERG, M.A., FELDMAN, M.E., BECKHAM, J.C., MOORE, S.D., et al. (1998). Open trial of nefazodone for combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 59, 460-464.
  • HILDAGO, R., HERTZBERG, M.A., MELLMAN, T.A., et al. (1999). Nefazodone in post traumatic stress disorder. Results from open label trials. International Clinical Psychopharmacology , 14, 61-68.
  • HORRIGAN, J.P. (1996). Guanfacine for post traumatic stress disorder nightmares. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 35, 975-976.
  • KAPLAN, Z., AMIR, M., SWARTZ, M. & LEVINE, J. (1996). Inositol treatment for post traumatic stress disorder. Anxiety, 2, 51-52.
  • KATZ, R.J., LOTT, M.H., ARBUS, P., CROCQ, L., et al. (1994-1995). Pharmacotherapy of post-traumatic stress disorder with a novel psychotropic. Anxiety, 1, 169-174.
  • KESSLER, R.C., DAVIS, C.G. & KENDLER, K.S. (1997). Childhood adversity and adult psychiatric disorder in the US National Comorbidity Survey. Psychological Medicine, 27, 1101-1119.
  • KOSTEN, T.R., FRANK, J.B., DAN, E., MCDOUGLE, C.J., et al. (1991). Pharmacotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder using phenelzine or imipramine. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 179, 366-370.
  • LEBYA, C.M. & WAMPLER, T.P. (1998). Risperidone in post traumatic stress disorder. Psychiatric Ser vices, 49, 245-246.
  • LIPPER, S., DAVIDSON, J.R.T., GRADY, T.A., EDINGER, J.D., et al. (1986). Preliminary study of carbamazepine in post traumatic stress disorder. Psychosomatics, 27, 849-854.
  • MARSHALL, R.D., SCHNEIDER, F.R., FALLON, B.A., KNIGHT, C.G., et al. (1998). An open trial of paroxetine in patients with non-combat related, chronic posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology , 18, 10-18.
  • MELLMAN, T.A., BYERS, P.M. & AUGENSTEIN, J.S. (1998). Pilot evaluation of hypnotic medication during acute traumatic stress disorder. International Clinical Psychopharmacology , 12, 231-237.
  • NAGY, L.M., MORGAN, C.A. 3RD, SOUTHWICK, S.M. & CHARNEY, D.S. (1993). Open prospective trial of fluoxetine for posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 13, 107-113.
  • NEAL, L.A., SHEPLAND, W. & FOX, C. (1997). An open trial of moclobemide in the treatment of post traumatic stress disorder. International Clinical Psychopharmacology , 12, 231-237.
  • SHAY, J. (1992). Fluoxetine reduces explosiveness and elevates mood of Vietnam combat veterans with post traumatic stress disorder. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 5, 97-101.
  • SHESTATSKY, M., GREENBERG, D. & LERER, B. (1988) A controlled trial of phenelzine in post traumatic stress disorder. Psychiatry Research, 24, 149-155.
  • SOUTHWICK, S.M., YEHUDA, R., GILLER, E.C. & CHARNEY, D.S. (1994). Use of tricyclics and monoamine oxidase inhibitors in the treatment of post traumatic stress disorder. A quantitative review. In: M.M. MURBURG (Ed.) Catecholamine functions in PTSD: emerging concepts. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
  • STEIN, D.J., ZUNGU-DIRWARYI, N., VAN DER LINDEN, G.J.H. & SEEDAT, S. (2001). Pharmacotherapy for post traumatic stress disorder (Cochrane Review). The Cochrane Library, 1.
  • VAN DER KOLK, B.A., DREYFUSS, D., MICHAELS, M., SHERA, D., et al. (1994). Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 55, 517-522.
  • YEHUDA, R. & MCFARLANE, A.C. (1995). Conflict between current knowledge about posttraumatic stress disorder and its original conceptual basis. American Journal of Psychiatry, 152, 1705-1713.
  • ZISOOK, S., CHENTSOVA-DUTTON, Y. & ELLENOR, G. (1999). Nefazodone in patients with treatment refractory post traumatic stress disorder. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.